Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the ... - NEXTHYLIGHTS

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Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the Art Review Contents Key message from the study .......................................................................................4 Executive summary .....................................................................................................5 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 10 1.1 Hydrogen Bus Technologies .......................................................................... 12 1.2 Hydrogen-fuelled Internal Combustion Buses ................................................ 13 1.3 Hybrid Fuel Cell versus non-hybridised Fuel Cell Buses ................................ 14 1.4 Hybrid Fuel Cell Bus designs ......................................................................... 17 2 The Fuel Cell Bus Sector ................................................................................... 19 2.1 Hydrogen bus value chain ............................................................................. 23 2.2 Interaction with the fuel cell car supply chain ................................................. 24 2.3 Market conclusions ........................................................................................ 25 3 Fuel Cell Buses: Status and Evolution ............................................................... 26 3.1 Current technical performances ..................................................................... 26 3.2 Other technical issues ................................................................................... 30 3.3 Capital cost trends ......................................................................................... 32 3.4 Historic performance summary ...................................................................... 33 4 Capital cost dynamics ........................................................................................ 34 4.1 Aggregated Approach .................................................................................... 34 4.2 Bottom-Up Approach – breaking down the cost structure .............................. 37 4.3 Outlook to 2030 ............................................................................................. 43 4.4 Capital cost dynamics summary .................................................................... 44 5 Hydrogen Fuelling and Infrastructure ................................................................. 46 5.1 Comments on the status of hydrogen refuelling stations for bus applications 48 5.1.1 Hydrogen fuel cost ..................................................................................... 48 5.1.2 Refuelling Station Performance ................................................................. 50 5.2 CO2 emissions .............................................................................................. 54 2
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the Art Review 6 Comparison with Alternative Technologies ......................................................... 55 6.1 Total Cost of Ownership ................................................................................ 59 6.1.1 TCO at 2010 - 2014 costs .......................................................................... 60 6.1.2 Total Cost of Ownership in 2015 - 2018 ..................................................... 62 6.1.3 Total Cost of Ownership 2018 - 2022 ......................................................... 64 6.1.4 Sensitivity to fuel prices ............................................................................. 66 6.1.5 TCO analysis for other hybridisations ........................................................ 69 6.1.6 Outlook to 2030 ......................................................................................... 70 7 Conclusions ....................................................................................................... 71 7.1 Next Generation of bus projects: what should be expected ........................... 76 Annex A: International framework ............................................................................. 77 Annex B: Hydrogen refuelling stations for bus applications – four case studies......... 96 The hydrogen refuelling station in Hürth, Cologne .................................................. 96 The hydrogen refuelling station project in Leyton, London ................................... 100 The hydrogen refuelling station project in HafenCity, Hamburg ............................ 103 The hydrogen refuelling station project in Whistler, British Columbia ................... 107 Annex C: International Demonstrations ................................................................... 110 Annex D: Interview Scripts for Fuel Cell Bus Stakeholders ..................................... 115 Annex E: List of Principal Consultees ...................................................................... 127 Bibliography of Annex A .......................................................................................... 128 3
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Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the ... - NEXTHYLIGHTS

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