Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the ... - NEXTHYLIGHTS

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Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the Art Review In the European context Germany is the leading country in promoting fuel cell and hydrogen RD&D activities. Box 1, below, summarises the German framework identifying programmes, stakeholders and some key number of the German fuel cell and hydrogen industry. Box 1 The German experience on fuel cell and hydrogen RD&D programmes As reported by Germany Trade and Invest, the foreign and inward investment agency of the Federal Republic of Germany, the German hydrogen and fuel cell market is the largest in Europe. The country has hosted the 70% of the European fuel cell demonstrations, possesses a network of some 350 companies and institutes active in hydrogen and fuel cell activities and benefits from an overall budget of €2 billion for RD&D activities throughout 2008 – 2015. German hydrogen and fuel cell RD&D are promoted on a national level by the National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Innovation Programme (NIP), initiated in 2006. The NIP aims to accelerate the commercialisation of hydrogen and fuel cell technology in Germany with the overall objective to favour the meeting of environmental targets, the creation of sustainable jobs and the strengthening of the German technological competiveness in the international market. The NIP is managed and implemented by the National Organisation for hydrogen and fuel cell technology GmbH (NOW). The NOW ensures communication, funds integration and collaborations between the regional and international projects that take place in Germany. In other words, the NOW is a “program management organisation” which ensures the realisation of NIP‟s goals. It coordinates an extensive network of public-private associations that promotes regional RD&D activities (such as CEP, Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Network NRW, HyCologne, HySolutions Hamburg, etc.). The NIP has a budget of €1.4 billion (for the period 2007-2016) provided by a number of Federal Ministries and private industry partners in form of a 50/50 private-public partnership. Out of the €0.7 billion provided by the Federal ministries, €0.5 billion are explicitly dedicated for fuel cell demonstration and market preparation projects, of which 54% is for transport applications (hydrogen production and distribution included). In September 2009 the H2 Mobility Initiative was launched by a number of leading industry firms and NOW. The initiative aims to develop a comprehensive nation-wide hydrogen infrastructure network by 2015 through a three-phase plan of action. The plan aims to set Germany as the forerunning member state in the commercialisation of fuel cell vehicles. The EC‟s Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking has targets for achieving fuel cell vehicles commercialisation. The targets for fuel cell buses are summarised in Table 14. A recent call for funding fuel cell buses provides targets for buses deployed in 2010- 2011 (20 fuel cell buses in 3 sites). Large term targets would be developed for future calls (up to 500 buses in at least 10 European sites by 2015, according to the FCH-JU‟s Multi-Annual Implementation Plan 2008 – 2013). 86
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the Art Review Table 14 JTI-JU targets for hydrogen-fuelled FC buses by 2015 Authorit y JTI NA Efficienc y FC durabilit y 6,000 hours Availabili ty > 85% Fuel Economy < 11 – 13 kg/100 km Vehicle Range NA FC cost 100 Euro /kW* Sources: [JTI, 2010] *This target is intended for FC light vehicles. Heavy duty fuel cells are expected to cost more. CUTE and HYFLEET:CUTE Hydroge n fuelling rate 200kg/da y 5 vehicles hours Hydrogen costs (delivere d) 5 Euro/kg HyFleet:CUTE has been the largest FCB world‟s demonstration so far, operating 33 fuel cell buses in 10 cities, of which 7 European, 1 Icelandic, 1 Chinese and 1 Australian. The project was intended as a continuation of the CUTE (Clear Urban Transport for Europe) demonstration, an EC initiative that involved 27 buses in 9 European cities from 2003 and 2006. HyFleet:CUTE de facto extended the operational life of CUTE‟s fuel cell buses where possible. The demonstration received €19 million from EC‟s 6 th FP and €24 million from 31 Industry partners, deployed a total of 33 non-hybrid fuel cell buses and 14 hydrogen fuelled ICE buses from 2006 to end 2009. 6 HFCBs are still operating in Hamburg till mid-2010, thanks to EC funding for a one-year project extension. The demonstration developed and tested a range of hydrogen infrastructure and delivery options, testing 4 on-site water electrolysers, 2 on-site LPG/CNG steam reforming plants and 6 liquid and gaseous externally supplied hydrogen refuelling stations (79% from renewable). CHIC CHIC - Clean Hydrogen for European Cities - builds on CUTE and HYFLEET:CUTE‟s success by: Deploying 26 next generation hybrid fuel cell buses in medium/small size fleets in 5 European cities (Aargau/St.Gallen, Bolzano, London, Milan and Oslo) Improve “first generation” hydrogen refuelling facilities and implement “second generation” hydrogen infrastructures. The project, meant to be the next logical step toward commercialisation after the HYFLEET:CUTE demonstration, aims at demonstrating the full suitability of next generation hybrid fuel cell bus technology and hydrogen refuelling facilities for full-time transport services. As a part of its objectives, CHIC aims therefore at: 87
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Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the ... - NEXTHYLIGHTS

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