Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the ... - NEXTHYLIGHTS

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Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the Art Review China The Chinese government initiated R&D activities on hydrogen in fuel cells in the 1970‟s, although a precise Chinese road map for hydrogen and fuel cell technologies was shaped only from late 1990‟s. Since then, hydrogen and Fuel Cells RD&D activities are coordinated by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), receiving increasing attentions and funds. During the 10 th Five Year Plan for economic development (2001- 2005), the MOST dedicated 40% of the energy research programme budget for hydrogen, fuel cells and electric vehicles RD&Ds. As a consequence some 60 Chinese research centres and firms were working on hydrogen and fuel cells RD&Ds in 2005. In occasion of the current 11 th Five Year Plan (2006-2010), the MOST gave a clear priority to the development of alternative transport technology in urban areas, planning 100 FC vehicles in forthcoming demonstration projects and aiming to commercialise ~1,000 fuel cell vehicles by 2020. Figure 37 China's most active firms and research centres in hydrogen and fuel cell RD&D programmes. Chinese RD&D demonstrations are promoted by two major channels: MOST‟s Five-year Plans (top) and the UNDP-GEF programme (left). Chinese FCB demonstration projects started in 2001 with the 10 th Five Year Plan, with China‟s first public demonstration of a (shuttle) bus prototype (Tsinghua University, Beijing). From 2002, the MOST collaboration with local governments (Beijing and Shanghai) and with international authorities produced a number of FCB projects, notably the phase I UNDP-GEF three-bus demonstration in Beijing (started in 2005 and then 92
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the Art Review extended through the partnership with the HyFLEET:CUTE) and the recent deployment of three buses for the Beijing Olympic Games (2008). The UNDP-GEF II phase will introduce up to 6 new buses in Shanghai from 2010, for a two years demonstration. Beijing has permanent hydrogen refuelling station operative from 2006, whilst Shanghai is developing its own by 2010. The collaboration with international projects is intended by the MOST as additional to the domestic demonstration programmes [CFCB, 2010] [IDRC, 2008][UNU-MERIT, 2006]. The Tsinghua University and the Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) recently unveiled a new hybrid fuel cell bus, jointly developed by the two universities. The bus will provide shuttle services in occasion to the Youth Olympics in Singapore. Finally, the Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Centre (CEAEC) of Tongji University announced 50 fuel cell buses in shuttle service in occasion of 2010 Asian Games and Asian Para Games in Guangzhou City [FCW, 2010]. Japan Japan is one of the world leaders in hydrogen and fuel cell research and development activities, having an extensive national research program (mainly focused on basic research). The Japanese program involves a large number of authorities and research centres in an extensive network of RD&D activities. Figure 38, below, reports the structure of the national program for fuel cell vehicle, a ~ $250 million/year program throughout 2004-2007. The Japan Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Demonstration project (JHFC) is responsible for vehicles‟ technology test and demonstration with the ultimate scope to facilitate their commercialisation. The JHFC was initiated in 2002 by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) in collaboration with public authorities and private firms (international and Japanese), and is organised in two coordinated branches: a) Fuel Cell Vehicle Demonstration Study; b) Hydrogen Infrastructure Demonstration Study. In JHFC‟s phase I (FY 2002-2005), the project‟s objectives were focused on vehicle and hydrogen production & dispensing efficiencies. In the current phase II (2006-2010), the project‟s objectives are focused on data collection, public awareness and identification of actual use conditions. JHFC aims to mature a comprehensive knowledge on vehicle performances, production & distribution characteristics and environmental impacts to help develop a Japanese roadmap for mass-scale commercialisation. From 2009 the JHFC has been subsided by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). The Japan‟ two FCB demonstrations have been promoted under the JHFC programme (Toyota/Hino, a total of 8 buses). 93
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Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the ... - NEXTHYLIGHTS

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