Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the ... - NEXTHYLIGHTS

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Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the Art Review € / kg-H2 € 9 € 8 € 7 € 6 € 5 € 4 € 3 € 2 € 1 € 0 Hydrogen fuel cost at the pump versus dispensing volume (10 year contract, delivered liquid hydrogen) Average EU taxed and untaxed diesel fuel price (~ € 1.15 and € 0.58/ litre) Refueling Station capital cost: € 3million Refueling Station capital cost: € 1.5million 300 kg/day 500kg/day 1,000kg/day 1,500 kg/day Assumptions: Discount Rate: 3.5% Hydrogen Fuel Purchase Price: €3 - €4 / kg Annual Maintenance Fee: € 117,000 Figure 22 Demand volume and contract length effects on the untaxed hydrogen cost at pump for delivered liquid hydrogen. The model considers key parameters such as the total capital cost of hydrogen refuelling station, maintenance fee, different dispensing volumes and contract durations with hydrogen suppliers Among the different production options, on-site electrolysis currently offers the highest price at the pump -three times higher than the taxed diesel price in the European market even at ultra-low electricity prices. These results are consistent with the expectation of major European fuel retailers and gas companies, who foresee substantial cost reduction in the hydrogen retail price thanks to a) larger hydrogen throughputs b) increasing refuelling station sales volume and c) design standardisation (hence simplification). These results are encouraging and suggest that hydrogen costs at the pump will be considerably reduced in large demonstration projects. A reduction of the hydrogen cost to a level comparable with the calorific equivalent cost of taxed diesel fuel in the EU (< €5 per kg of hydrogen-equivalent) seems achievable even with today‟s equipment, especially assuming a throughput higher than 1,000 kgH2 per day and refuelling station capital costs lower than €3 million. 5.1.2 Refuelling Station Performance Table 2, below, summarises the current techno-economic performance of the refuelling stations described in the four case studies discussed above. 50
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the Art Review Table 8 Refuelling performances according to the case studies in case studies in section 6.2.3, 6.2.4, 6.2.5, 6.2.6 Refuelling station cost Refuelling time Footprint Dispensing capacity On-site hydrogen storage capacity Item Performances €1,300,000 - €7,500,000 (Figures include overheads cost; data range reflects dispensing capacity and hydrogen production method) 7 - 10 minutes/bus – no precooling (Figures reflect bus refuelling at 350bar; on-board bus hydrogen storage capacity approx. 30 – 40kg; the 10 minutes figure refers to the refuelling of up to eighteen buses in sequence) 200 – 700 m 2 (Data range reflects different dispensing capacities and hydrogen production methods) 100 – 1,000 kg of hydrogen per day 100 – 10,000 kg Perhaps the three key issues today are the capital cost, refuelling time and footprint of the refuelling stations. Each of issue is tackled in turn below. Refuelling station cost The four case studies analysed above suggest a refuelling station cost of €1,300,000 - €7,500,000. These figures, which include overhead costs such as permitting and planning costs, reflect different dispensing capacities and hydrogen production methods. It is, however, possible to combine these figures with data provided by other European stakeholders to calculate the relationship between the refuelling station capital costs and dispensing capacities at the current status of the technology. Figure 23, below, summarises this result. 51
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