Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the ... - NEXTHYLIGHTS

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Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the Art Review Hybrid FC buses (12m platform, low floor) Fuel Economy* Current Values Next Generation 8 – 15 kg/100km (up to 30% improvement over an equivalent diesel route at parity of calorific content) 7 – 12 kg/100km (from 20% to 40% improvement over an equivalent diesel route at parity of calorific content) Range 250 – 450 km 250 – 450 km Availability** 55% - 80% 90% Refueling Time*** 7 – 10 minutes/bus 7minutes/bus? (It may depend on tank size) Diesel buses (12m platform, low floor) 35 – 50 litre/100km (approx. 11 – 15kg- H2/100km at parity of calorific content) >> 400km 90%
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the Art Review Hybrid fuel cell bus trials, by contrast, have shown relatively poor availability (55- 80%) in trials before 2010. These will need to be improved before the technology can be rolled out outside small demonstration trials. The next generation of hybrid fuel cell bus trials (starting 2010) are designed to prove that the technology can achieve availability standards over 90% which will be sufficient to begin to commercialise the technology. The next generation of bus demonstrations (such as those in the EC funded CHIC project 2 ) are also aimed at understanding the fuel economy of next generation FC buses. Initial tests suggest they will achieve the lower bound of the fuel consumption range, i.e. up to a 40% improvement over an equivalent diesel route (on a calorific equivalent basis). The main technical constraints for fuel cell buses, compared to conventional diesel vehicles are: o Availability – an equivalent operational availability compared to diesel vehicles has not yet been demonstrated for fuel cells in hybrid configurations. This is expected to be achieved in the next generation demonstrations. o Fill time – which is currently around 10 minutes (best available is 7 minutes), compared to a diesel fill times of approx. 3 minutes. This can create logistical problem for bus operators, particularly in tight urban depots. o Lack of infrastructure – meaning that dedicated hydrogen fuelling infrastructure is required at hydrogen bus depots – this is bulky and also requires very high availability as there are no local back-up options available Hybrid fuel cell buses – economic performance Diesel hybrid vehicles are currently gaining traction in the market for environmentally friendly urban buses. These have a total cost of ownership higher than diesel buses, suggesting public authorities are prepared to fund some additional cost of operating low emission vehicles. However, a Total Cost of Ownership analysis for today‟s fuel cell buses suggests that the cost of operating a fuel cell bus today is over three or four times that of a conventional diesel bus. This additional cost is not acceptable to bus operators, meaning the technology must reduce in cost to gain genuine commercial traction. There are two main approaches to cost reduction. In the first, progressive generations of fuel cell systems designed for buses are projected to reduce fuel cell system costs below €2,000/kW (from over €4,000/kW today), whilst increased 2 http://chic-project.eu/ 7
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