Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the ... - NEXTHYLIGHTS

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Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the Art Review advanced zero emission buses (ZEB) by mid 2012 [CARB, 2010]. This target could imply that up to 380 ZEB could be deployed in California by 2015. The CARB is cofinancing the ZEB Area project, as well as a $1.4 million Proterra fuel cell bus project in the city of Burbank, and two new hybrid fuel cell buses at Sun Line Transit. Figure 35 Essential funding structure of San Francisco‟s bay area bus demonstration USA‟s existing hydrogen infrastructures has been generally commissioned ad hoc for each demonstration. However, recent USA programmes such as the Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery (TIGER) and the DOE‟s Clean Cities programs allowed some transit agencies to receive extra grants for financing hydrogen infrastructures. Precisely, AC Transit received TIGER grants to finance a solar-based hydrogen production plant, and CT Transit received a Clean Cities‟ grant for a hydrogen refuelling station [NREL, 2009b]. According to the US DOE, in mid-2009 there were 60 Hydrogen Filling Stations across the country 23 , essentially based on delivered hydrogen (either liquid or compressed), onsite Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) and onsite electrolysis [DOE, 2009] [NREL, 2009c]. 23 55 in operation according to DOE’s last presentation at IPHE Hydrogen Infrastructure Workshop, held in February 2010. 80
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Technology State of the Art Review The FTA, DOE and CARB developed their programmes having in mind precise targets on the techno-economic performance of FCB and hydrogen infrastructures. These targets are essentially the DOE‟s targets for fuel cell vehicles, summarised in Table 11. Table 11 DOE‟s selected Fuel Cell performance targets for vehicles by 2015-2020 Authority DOE Efficiency FC durability Availability 50% at full power 5,000 hours Fuel Econo my 85%* NA Vehicle Range 300 miles FC cost $30 /kW** Hydrogen fuelling rate Sources: [NREL, 2009c], [DOE, 2009]. * This target is intended for FC buses according to transit agencies needs [NREL, 2008]. ** This target is intended for FC light vehicles. Heavy duty fuel cells are expected to cost more. Canada 1.6kg/min @ 350bar Hydrogen costs (delivered) $2-3/gge Canada‟s hydrogen and fuel cells RD&D activities came under the umbrella of a network formed by the Canadian National Research Council (CNRC), the Canadian Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association (CHFCA) and the Canadian Department of Industry (Industry Canada, IC). Demonstration activities benefit also from local programs such as the Hydrogen Highway in the British Columbia, a voluntary network of private and public partners aiming to commercialize FC technologies in the transport sector. Although Canada has not had a large transit bus demonstration project in the recent past, the country is now hosting the world‟s largest hybrid FCB fleet. This demonstration is operated by a single transit agency (BC Transit) and started in time for the 2010 Olympic Winter Games for a period of four years (2010-2014), with an initial funding of CAN$89 million provided by The British Columbia province, BC Transit and Canada‟s Public Transit Capital Trusts [CHFCA, 2010][IC, 2008]. The demonstration includes the world largest hydrogen refuelling station (HRS), which has a dispensing capacity of 1000kg/day [IC, 2008] [NREL, 2009b]. Canada‟s targets on hydrogen fuelled fuel cell vehicles have been developed by Industry Canada (IC). IC has recently published Canada‟s fuel cell commercialisation plan [IC, 2008], stating indicative targets on the performance of hydrogen fuel cell buses for achieving their commercialisation by 2015. These targets are summarised in Table 12, below. 81
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