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complex area of research. Collaborating with academics from economics, marketing and wine business, across a range of different institutions, has encouraged the cross-fertilisation of ideas and practices. This chapter revisits my research aims and objectives, confirms my contribution to knowledge and explores the limitations of my research, before identifying future research opportunities and directions. 5.2 Research Aim and Objectives Revisited In Chapter One, I identify the overall aim and objectives of the thesis which are then addressed in Chapters 2 to 5. Chapter Two specifies the research context for the critical appraisal and presents and critically analyses my work in the context of the literature of niche tourism, product-led niche tourism and destination development. An evaluation of the critical role of the niche products that have directed this research, in developing tourism destinations, is included. Chapter Three examines the research methodologies and methods that have guided and influenced this work, reflecting on my pragmatist research perspective and the use of mixed methods to explore specific issues within the research presented here. Gaps in current research are identified, and Chapter Four explores how my research had contributed to reducing these gaps in knowledge and practice in the field. From this critical appraisal, the individual contribution of each of the publications submitted here is explored and their collective contribution to the literature on the role of niche tourism products in destination development reinforced. 5.3 Limitations
One of the key limitations of this critical appraisal is made apparent in Robins and Kanowski’s (2008) work outlining the advantages and disadvantages of the PhD by Publication route. By its very nature, a PhD by Publication is fragmented and disjointed, as it aims to present work undertaken over a sustained period of time and, in this instance, work covering different continents, research projects and methods. Each research project I have participated in, despite its limitations, has been considered in terms of its practicability, relationship with other members of the research team and its ability to produce research that is significant and has a theoretical and practical value. In terms of specific limitations to the research presented here, the following applies. My work in emerging niche tourism products such as yoga and international students is, to date, limited in scope and needs developing internationally, targeting emergent niche tourism destinations and niche tourists. Further research from other international student populations, for example in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), would enhance the understanding of the contribution of international student travel patterns to destinations. Yoga tourism, as a distinct sub set of wellness tourism, also needs further development. Further research is needed on the infrastructure required to support yoga tourism, the motivations and expectations of the yoga tourist and how destinations can develop and facilitate demand. My research in the area of wine tourism is limited in geographical scope. It’s focus is on particular New World wine regions and there is a lack of cross cultural research. As wine tourism is increasingly international, distinct variations in the nature and expectations of wine tourism occur across regions. More comparable research across wine tourism destinations would yield greater
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THE ROLE OF NICHE TOURISM PRODUCTS
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Table of Contents Page No. Table of
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Chapter 4 Contribution to Knowledge
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List of Figures Title Page No. Figu
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destinations face along the niche t
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1.1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduc
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about marketing and promotion. Thus
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Evidence of empirical research exam
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Strategic research development and
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and events, students and yoga, are
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issues of this topic and providing
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ENVIRONMENTAL MACRO/ESTABLISHED NIC
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ignored or neglected by others’ (
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Toften and Hammervoll’s research
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2002; Stronge, 2000). Morgan and Pr
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‘The economics of the new tourism
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particular attention in describing
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Adapted from Butler (1980) and Truf
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Beaver’s (2002) tourism dictionar
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In some destinations, wine tourism
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wine region. Both push (internal de
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When discussing the nexus between w
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2.4 Contribution of Festivals and E
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increased tourism numbers and inwar
Page 51 and 52: urden to the tax payer (Jones and W
Page 53 and 54: deep cultural meaning of an ‘aest
Page 55 and 56: Many authors highlight the experien
Page 57 and 58: Destination image research has been
Page 59 and 60: Morgan et al. comment how ‘a hand
Page 61 and 62: single minority group in the US ign
Page 63 and 64: 3.1 Introduction Chapter 3 Research
Page 65 and 66: author, the researchers dipped in a
Page 67 and 68: Pragmatism is a fairly recent philo
Page 69 and 70: Industry Performance Development SE
Page 71 and 72: of the enquiry to attempt to unders
Page 73 and 74: 3.4.1 Primary Research - Consumer a
Page 75 and 76: esearch questions commenting on the
Page 77 and 78: Three papers are presented that are
Page 79 and 80: differences in two of the demograph
Page 81 and 82: appraisal. This is reiterated by Ja
Page 83 and 84: destination planning and developmen
Page 85 and 86: niche tourist profiling; and desti
Page 87 and 88: Paper 11 Pragmatism Mixed Methods T
Page 89 and 90: Another clear result of this resear
Page 91 and 92: Niche Tourism Profiling Papers 1, 3
Page 93 and 94: categories there is a clear indicat
Page 95 and 96: Destination Development through Nic
Page 97 and 98: yoga tourism operators indicates ho
Page 99 and 100: the role a wine festival has in pro
Page 101: 5.1 Introduction and Contribution t
Page 105 and 106: pragmatic approach. I consider this
Page 107 and 108: Researching demand led niche touris
Page 109 and 110: References Agarwal, S., (1994). The
Page 111 and 112: Bartram, S. A., (2001). Serious lei
Page 113 and 114: Bryman, A. and Burgess, R., (1994).
Page 115 and 116: Carlsen, J., and Taylor, A., (2003)
Page 117 and 118: Cooper, C., (1990). Resorts in Decl
Page 119 and 120: Dibb, S., and Simkin, L., (1994). I
Page 121 and 122: Echtner, C., and Ritchie, B., (1993
Page 123 and 124: Frew, E., and Ali-Knight. J., (2009
Page 125 and 126: Goodson, L., and Phillimore, J., (2
Page 127 and 128: Hall, C.M., Johnson, G. R., and Mit
Page 129 and 130: Hovinen, G., (1981). A Tourist Cycl
Page 131 and 132: Jennings, G., (2001). Tourism Resea
Page 133 and 134: Kotler, P., (2003). Marketing Manag
Page 135 and 136: MacKay, K.J., Andereck, K.L, and Vo
Page 137 and 138: Novelli, M., (2005). Niche Tourism:
Page 139 and 140: Pine II, J. B., and Gilmore, J. H.,
Page 141 and 142: Ritchie, B., (1984). Assessing the
Page 143 and 144: Russo, P.A., (2006). A Re-Foundatio
Page 145 and 146: Stebbins, R. A., (1982). Serious le
Page 147 and 148: Tribe, J., (2004). Knowing about to
Page 149 and 150: Weizenegger, S., (2006). The TALC a
Page 151 and 152: Appendix 1 Research and Publication
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Extraordinary Experiences and Exten
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Barron, P., Ali-Knight, J., & Steph
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28th June - 1st July 2000 The Sixth
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Robertson, M, Ali-Knight, J & Anast
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6. Ensor, J, Robertson, M, & Ali-Kn
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Appendix 3: Key Authors in the Fiel
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Paper 8 Frew, E. and Ali-Knight. J.
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