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2.2.3 Special Interest Tourism: the Roots of Niche Tourism ................... 12 2.2.4 The move from Mass to Niche Tourism 14 2.2.5 Positioning of Niche Tourism Products .......................................... 16 2.2.6 Contesting Niche Tourism .............................................................. 17 2.3 Wine Tourism and the Exploration of Wine as a Niche Tourism Product. 18 2.4 Contribution of Festivals and Events to Niche Tourism............................ 24 2.5 Niche Tourism as a response to the Post Modern Tourist ....................... 30 2.6 Niche Tourism as a contributor to Destination Development ................... 32 2.6.1 The ‘Long Tail’ approach to Niche Tourism ................................... 33 2.7 Destination Development through Niche Tourism Products ..................... 34 2.8 Conclusion ............................................................................................... 36 Chapter 3 Research Methodology and Methods 3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 37 3.2 The Development of Critical Tourism Research ...................................... 38 3.3 Research Philosophy, Epistemology and Ontology ................................. 40 3.4 Research Methods ................................................................................... 44 3.4.1 Primary Research – Consumer and Supplier Surveys ................... 44 3.4.2 Primary Research – Key Informants and In Depth Interviews ........ 45 3.4.3 Primary Research – Repertory Grids ............................................. 46 3.4.4 Primary Research – Case Studies ................................................. 46 3.4.5 Secondary Research ..................................................................... 47 3.4.6 Data Analysis ................................................................................. 49 3.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................... 50
Chapter 4 Contribution to Knowledge 4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 52 4.2 Niche Tourism Product Development ...................................................... 53 4.3 Niche Tourist Profiling .............................................................................. 58 4.4 Destination Development through Niche Tourism .................................... 60 4.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................... 64 Chapter 5 Conclusions 5.1 Introduction and Contribution to Knowledge ............................................ 65 5.2 Research Aims and Objectives Revisited ................................................ 66 5.3 Limitations ................................................................................................ 66 5.4 Further Research Opportunities ............................................................... 67 5.4.1 Developing a Research Agenda 69 5.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................... 70 References ............................................................................................................ 72 Appendices ......................................................................................................... 100 Appendix 1 Research and Publications Profile 2010 ........................................ 101 Appendix 2 Summary of Publications by Theme, Methods, Contribution and Focus............................................................................................. 107 Appendix 3 Key Authors in the Field of Niche Tourism .................................... 110 Appendix 4 Publications for PhD ...................................................................... 111 Appendix 5 Contribution Statements for Joint Papers ...................................... 113
Page 1 and 2: THE ROLE OF NICHE TOURISM PRODUCTS
Page 3: Table of Contents Page No. Table of
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures Title Page No. Figu
Page 11 and 12: destinations face along the niche t
Page 13 and 14: 1.1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduc
Page 15 and 16: about marketing and promotion. Thus
Page 17 and 18: Evidence of empirical research exam
Page 19 and 20: Strategic research development and
Page 21 and 22: and events, students and yoga, are
Page 23 and 24: issues of this topic and providing
Page 25 and 26: ENVIRONMENTAL MACRO/ESTABLISHED NIC
Page 27 and 28: ignored or neglected by others’ (
Page 29 and 30: Toften and Hammervoll’s research
Page 31 and 32: 2002; Stronge, 2000). Morgan and Pr
Page 33 and 34: ‘The economics of the new tourism
Page 35 and 36: particular attention in describing
Page 37 and 38: Adapted from Butler (1980) and Truf
Page 39 and 40: Beaver’s (2002) tourism dictionar
Page 41 and 42: In some destinations, wine tourism
Page 43 and 44: wine region. Both push (internal de
Page 45 and 46: When discussing the nexus between w
Page 47 and 48: 2.4 Contribution of Festivals and E
Page 49 and 50: increased tourism numbers and inwar
Page 51 and 52: urden to the tax payer (Jones and W
Page 53 and 54: deep cultural meaning of an ‘aest
Page 55 and 56:
Many authors highlight the experien
Page 57 and 58:
Destination image research has been
Page 59 and 60:
Morgan et al. comment how ‘a hand
Page 61 and 62:
single minority group in the US ign
Page 63 and 64:
3.1 Introduction Chapter 3 Research
Page 65 and 66:
author, the researchers dipped in a
Page 67 and 68:
Pragmatism is a fairly recent philo
Page 69 and 70:
Industry Performance Development SE
Page 71 and 72:
of the enquiry to attempt to unders
Page 73 and 74:
3.4.1 Primary Research - Consumer a
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esearch questions commenting on the
Page 77 and 78:
Three papers are presented that are
Page 79 and 80:
differences in two of the demograph
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appraisal. This is reiterated by Ja
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destination planning and developmen
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niche tourist profiling; and desti
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Paper 11 Pragmatism Mixed Methods T
Page 89 and 90:
Another clear result of this resear
Page 91 and 92:
Niche Tourism Profiling Papers 1, 3
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categories there is a clear indicat
Page 95 and 96:
Destination Development through Nic
Page 97 and 98:
yoga tourism operators indicates ho
Page 99 and 100:
the role a wine festival has in pro
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5.1 Introduction and Contribution t
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One of the key limitations of this
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pragmatic approach. I consider this
Page 107 and 108:
Researching demand led niche touris
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References Agarwal, S., (1994). The
Page 111 and 112:
Bartram, S. A., (2001). Serious lei
Page 113 and 114:
Bryman, A. and Burgess, R., (1994).
Page 115 and 116:
Carlsen, J., and Taylor, A., (2003)
Page 117 and 118:
Cooper, C., (1990). Resorts in Decl
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Dibb, S., and Simkin, L., (1994). I
Page 121 and 122:
Echtner, C., and Ritchie, B., (1993
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Frew, E., and Ali-Knight. J., (2009
Page 125 and 126:
Goodson, L., and Phillimore, J., (2
Page 127 and 128:
Hall, C.M., Johnson, G. R., and Mit
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Hovinen, G., (1981). A Tourist Cycl
Page 131 and 132:
Jennings, G., (2001). Tourism Resea
Page 133 and 134:
Kotler, P., (2003). Marketing Manag
Page 135 and 136:
MacKay, K.J., Andereck, K.L, and Vo
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Novelli, M., (2005). Niche Tourism:
Page 139 and 140:
Pine II, J. B., and Gilmore, J. H.,
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Ritchie, B., (1984). Assessing the
Page 143 and 144:
Russo, P.A., (2006). A Re-Foundatio
Page 145 and 146:
Stebbins, R. A., (1982). Serious le
Page 147 and 148:
Tribe, J., (2004). Knowing about to
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Weizenegger, S., (2006). The TALC a
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Appendix 1 Research and Publication
Page 153 and 154:
Extraordinary Experiences and Exten
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Barron, P., Ali-Knight, J., & Steph
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28th June - 1st July 2000 The Sixth
Page 159 and 160:
Robertson, M, Ali-Knight, J & Anast
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6. Ensor, J, Robertson, M, & Ali-Kn
Page 163 and 164:
Appendix 3: Key Authors in the Fiel
Page 165 and 166:
Paper 8 Frew, E. and Ali-Knight. J.
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