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(Selby, 2004). Honey’s (1979) method of content analysis was used in preference to a more highly statistical approach allowing the researcher to make use of individual meanings expressed through the interviewee ratings on the grid. The overall summary construct was creative/uncreative and all the other constructs were analysed in terms of how close or removed they were from this. Thus High, Intermediate and Low (H-I-L) values were allocated to each construct and they allow the researcher to establish exactly how important individuals rated the constructs. The application of repertory grids is particularly suited to grounds underrepresented in other more traditional forms of data collection research (Canning and Holmes, 2006) and yielded interesting insights into the creativity of festival leaders in Edinburgh. 3.5 Conclusion My research has been heavily influenced by a pragmatist approach, utilising mixed methods, as a highly practical way of investigating tourism research and producing results that are relevant and make a contribution to both tourism business theory and practices (Pansiri, 2005; 2006). Earlier on in my research career there was a heavy focus on more positivistic methodologies with extensive use of surveys as the key research instrument. As I have grown and developed as a researcher I have adopted a mixed methods approach using more qualitative research methodologies in line with the growing indication of increasing methodological diversity within tourism research (Morgan and Bischoff, 2003). Papers 3 and 9 are all essentially mixed methods based, using a combination of research methods, influenced by previous research processes (Papers 1, 2, 4, 6 and 7). Ryan asked the tourism researcher to be ’thorough, exhaustive, methodological, imaginative, emphatic, informed, decisive and communicative’ (Ryan, 1995, p.282). The outcomes of tourism research can never be wholly positivist or prescriptive, but must inform the practice of tourism and guide tourism managers and organisations to achieve their core objectives in a practical and applicable manner. The role and importance of the consumer should become the focal point for future tourism research as highlighted in this critical
appraisal. This is reiterated by Jamal and Hollinshead (2001) in their plea for the use of more qualitative enquiry in tourism research as the tools of positivism are not fully equipped to deal with the dynamics of tourism. This critical appraisal has therefore presented a range of quantitative and qualitative research methods which confirm the author’s pragmatist approach and explored the personal and situated nature of my research journey.
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THE ROLE OF NICHE TOURISM PRODUCTS
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Table of Contents Page No. Table of
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Chapter 4 Contribution to Knowledge
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List of Figures Title Page No. Figu
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destinations face along the niche t
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1.1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduc
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about marketing and promotion. Thus
Page 17 and 18:
Evidence of empirical research exam
Page 19 and 20:
Strategic research development and
Page 21 and 22:
and events, students and yoga, are
Page 23 and 24:
issues of this topic and providing
Page 25 and 26:
ENVIRONMENTAL MACRO/ESTABLISHED NIC
Page 27 and 28:
ignored or neglected by others’ (
Page 29 and 30: Toften and Hammervoll’s research
Page 31 and 32: 2002; Stronge, 2000). Morgan and Pr
Page 33 and 34: ‘The economics of the new tourism
Page 35 and 36: particular attention in describing
Page 37 and 38: Adapted from Butler (1980) and Truf
Page 39 and 40: Beaver’s (2002) tourism dictionar
Page 41 and 42: In some destinations, wine tourism
Page 43 and 44: wine region. Both push (internal de
Page 45 and 46: When discussing the nexus between w
Page 47 and 48: 2.4 Contribution of Festivals and E
Page 49 and 50: increased tourism numbers and inwar
Page 51 and 52: urden to the tax payer (Jones and W
Page 53 and 54: deep cultural meaning of an ‘aest
Page 55 and 56: Many authors highlight the experien
Page 57 and 58: Destination image research has been
Page 59 and 60: Morgan et al. comment how ‘a hand
Page 61 and 62: single minority group in the US ign
Page 63 and 64: 3.1 Introduction Chapter 3 Research
Page 65 and 66: author, the researchers dipped in a
Page 67 and 68: Pragmatism is a fairly recent philo
Page 69 and 70: Industry Performance Development SE
Page 71 and 72: of the enquiry to attempt to unders
Page 73 and 74: 3.4.1 Primary Research - Consumer a
Page 75 and 76: esearch questions commenting on the
Page 77 and 78: Three papers are presented that are
Page 79: differences in two of the demograph
Page 83 and 84: destination planning and developmen
Page 85 and 86: niche tourist profiling; and desti
Page 87 and 88: Paper 11 Pragmatism Mixed Methods T
Page 89 and 90: Another clear result of this resear
Page 91 and 92: Niche Tourism Profiling Papers 1, 3
Page 93 and 94: categories there is a clear indicat
Page 95 and 96: Destination Development through Nic
Page 97 and 98: yoga tourism operators indicates ho
Page 99 and 100: the role a wine festival has in pro
Page 101 and 102: 5.1 Introduction and Contribution t
Page 103 and 104: One of the key limitations of this
Page 105 and 106: pragmatic approach. I consider this
Page 107 and 108: Researching demand led niche touris
Page 109 and 110: References Agarwal, S., (1994). The
Page 111 and 112: Bartram, S. A., (2001). Serious lei
Page 113 and 114: Bryman, A. and Burgess, R., (1994).
Page 115 and 116: Carlsen, J., and Taylor, A., (2003)
Page 117 and 118: Cooper, C., (1990). Resorts in Decl
Page 119 and 120: Dibb, S., and Simkin, L., (1994). I
Page 121 and 122: Echtner, C., and Ritchie, B., (1993
Page 123 and 124: Frew, E., and Ali-Knight. J., (2009
Page 125 and 126: Goodson, L., and Phillimore, J., (2
Page 127 and 128: Hall, C.M., Johnson, G. R., and Mit
Page 129 and 130: Hovinen, G., (1981). A Tourist Cycl
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Jennings, G., (2001). Tourism Resea
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Kotler, P., (2003). Marketing Manag
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MacKay, K.J., Andereck, K.L, and Vo
Page 137 and 138:
Novelli, M., (2005). Niche Tourism:
Page 139 and 140:
Pine II, J. B., and Gilmore, J. H.,
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Ritchie, B., (1984). Assessing the
Page 143 and 144:
Russo, P.A., (2006). A Re-Foundatio
Page 145 and 146:
Stebbins, R. A., (1982). Serious le
Page 147 and 148:
Tribe, J., (2004). Knowing about to
Page 149 and 150:
Weizenegger, S., (2006). The TALC a
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Appendix 1 Research and Publication
Page 153 and 154:
Extraordinary Experiences and Exten
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Barron, P., Ali-Knight, J., & Steph
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28th June - 1st July 2000 The Sixth
Page 159 and 160:
Robertson, M, Ali-Knight, J & Anast
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6. Ensor, J, Robertson, M, & Ali-Kn
Page 163 and 164:
Appendix 3: Key Authors in the Fiel
Page 165 and 166:
Paper 8 Frew, E. and Ali-Knight. J.
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