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82 Abstraction of a Problem Domain 4.6.3 Aggregate Object Object objB (Part) Aggregate object (Whole) Object objC (Part) Figure 4.19: An Aggregate An aggregate object (an instance of a whole class), is the ’point of address’ of the aggregate. Figure 4.19 shows this. The flows to collaborating objects outside the aggregate are connected to the aggregate object. The parts communicate only with the aggregate object. The aggregate object only represents the aggregate, it is not the aggregate itself. The aggregate is the entire composite. Unfortunately this distinction is often neglected in the world of object-orientation. According to the definition of an aggregate, an aggregate x Aggregate object A (Whole) y Object C (Part) a b c Object B (Part) Figure 4.20: Channel Structure of an Aggregate object hides part objects. The hiding of parts is achieved by connecting the channels that connect the aggregate to the objects outside the aggregate solely to the aggregate object, and not to the part objects. In Figure 4.20 the channels x and y form such connections to the objects outside the aggregate. The parts C and B do not have a channel to any object outside the aggregate.
4.6 Aggregates 83 4.6.4 Clustered Aggregates To simplify models it is convenient to hide an entire aggregate into a cluster. This enables manipulation of aggregates as wholes. Figure 4.21 shows a clustered aggregate. a a d Object C (Part) Aggregate object (Whole) f Cluster b e c Object B (Part) Figure 4.21: A Clustered Aggregate All communication to the cluster is internally redirected to its aggregate object. The cluster acts as an abstraction of the aggregate. The aggregate can be approached as a whole via the message interface of the cluster. Notice, that the cluster does not have the same message interface as the aggregate object in it. The aggregate object’s interface can be considered as consisting of two parts. Firstly it has an external interface, which is identical to the interface of the cluster. In Figure 4.21 both these interfaces have messages a, b and c. Secondly it has an interface part for the communication with the hidden part objects. The messages d and e are defined in this part of the message interface. All x x Aggregate object A (Whole) y y Object C (Part) r s t Cluster Object B (Part) Figure 4.22: Channels to a Clustered Aggregate communication of a clustered aggregate is performed via channels that pass the cluster b c
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Specification of Reactive Hardware/
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to Leny, Inge and our parents
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Contents Acknowledgements v 1 Intro
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CONTENTS ix 4.6.5 Aggregate Semanti
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CONTENTS xi 6 Modelling of Concurre
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CONTENTS xiii 6.6.7.2 System Specif
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CONTENTS xv 11.4.2.3 Requirements C
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List of Figures 1.1 Chapter Overvie
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LIST OF FIGURES xix 6.16 Strongly D
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Objectiv
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1.1 Objectives 3 understood and sti
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1.1 Objectives 5 Informal and Forma
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1.2 Thesis Organisation 7 Chapter 1
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1.2 Thesis Organisation 9 Recommend
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Chapter 2 On Specification of React
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2.3 Specifications, Models and View
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2.4 Specification Languages, Formal
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2.4 Specification Languages, Formal
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2.5 Modelling Concepts 23 entirety.
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2.5 Modelling Concepts 25 Tradition
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2.6 Activity Frameworks for Specifi
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2.6 Activity Frameworks for Specifi
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Page 55 and 56: 3.3 Concepts 35 3. creation of a sy
Page 57 and 58: 3.5 Combining Compatible Concepts 3
Page 59 and 60: 3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 39 3.
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Page 69 and 70: 3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 49 Ge
Page 71 and 72: 3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 51 Re
Page 73 and 74: 3.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
Page 75 and 76: Chapter 4 Abstraction of a Problem
Page 77 and 78: 4.1 Introduction 57 earlier phase t
Page 79 and 80: 4.2 Objects 59 An object can mean t
Page 81 and 82: 4.2 Objects 61 wonder what other ob
Page 83 and 84: 4.3 Classes 63 A message interface
Page 85 and 86: 4.3 Classes 65 Class B Attributes M
Page 87 and 88: 4.4 Data Objects and Process Object
Page 99 and 100: 4.5 Clusters 79 flows. Clusters ena
Page 101: 4.6 Aggregates 81 Therefore a compl
Page 105 and 106: 4.6 Aggregates 85 An old philosophi
Page 107 and 108: 4.7 Identity and Object Identifiers
Page 109 and 110: 4.8 Properties of Composites 89 for
Page 111 and 112: 4.8 Properties of Composites 91 com
Page 113 and 114: 4.8 Properties of Composites 93 Whe
Page 115 and 116: 4.8 Properties of Composites 95 In
Page 117 and 118: 4.9 Channel Hiding 97 Servant A Sup
Page 119 and 120: 4.11 Composites and Hierarchies 99
Page 121 and 122: 4.12 Object Variety 101 Part class
Page 123 and 124: 4.13 Object Class Models 103 Anothe
Page 125 and 126: 4.13 Object Class Models 105 of obj
Page 127 and 128: 4.14 Attributes and Variables 107 c
Page 129 and 130: 4.14 Attributes and Variables 109 4
Page 131 and 132: 4.15 Operations, Services, Methods
Page 133 and 134: 4.15 Operations, Services, Methods
Page 135 and 136: 4.17 Summary 115 Accidental Propert
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Page 139 and 140: 5.2 Architecture 119 Requirements D
Page 141 and 142: 5.3 Design Philosophy 121 this. The
Page 143 and 144: 5.4 Essential Model and Extended Mo
Page 145 and 146: 5.4 Essential Model and Extended Mo
Page 147 and 148: 5.6 Architecture and Implementation
Page 149 and 150: 5.7 Views 129 Management £ £ £ P
Page 151 and 152: 5.7 Views 131 Behaviour Behaviour U
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5.8 Boundaries 133 5.8 Boundaries 5
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5.8 Boundaries 135 x x Object A y z
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5.8 Boundaries 137 x w w x Object A
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5.8 Boundaries 139 In Chapter 10 we
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5.9 Transformations 141 The modific
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5.10 Formalisation 143 Level 1 Leve
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5.11 Summary 145 Behaviour Requirem
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Chapter 6 Modelling of Concurrent R
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6.2 Concurrency and Synchronisation
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6.3 Communication 157 between proce
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6.3 Communication 159 or to transfo
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6.3 Communication 161 6.3.3.4 Messa
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6.3 Communication 163 Synchronous m
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6.3 Communication 165 channel-name
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6.3 Communication 167 can be descri
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6.3 Communication 169 statement aft
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6.3 Communication 171 (normalCourse
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6.3 Communication 173 ∞ client re
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6.3 Communication 175 There is a gr
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6.3 Communication 177 process A pro
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6.3 Communication 179 Clocks An int
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6.3 Communication 181 whether the s
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6.3 Communication 183 6.3.9.4 Model
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6.3 Communication 185 6.3.10.2 Desc
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6.4 Distribution 187 force to take
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6.4 Distribution 189 is that the in
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6.4 Distribution 191 links to each
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6.4 Distribution 193 6.4.6 Distribu
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6.5 Scenarios 195 entities. This su
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6.5 Scenarios 197 startJob readyToA
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6.5 Scenarios 199 collection of tex
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 201 selection
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 203 processes
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 205 even for
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 207 with the
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 209 6.6.4 Sep
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 211 6.6.5 Mod
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 213 to pay at
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 215 A method
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 217 to happen
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 219 c a Multi
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 221 but not t
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6.7 Real-Time Modelling 223 claimed
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6.7 Real-Time Modelling 225 in the
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6.8 Summary 227 They can graphicall
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Chapter 7 Introduction to the Seman
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7.2 A Brief Language Characterisati
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7.3 The Role of Semantics 233 7.3 T
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7.4 Mathematical Preliminaries 235
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7.4 Mathematical Preliminaries 237
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7.5 Concluding Remarks 239 0 ¡ Bin
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Chapter 8 Data Part of POOSL Chapte
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8.3 Formal Syntax 243 runk, and cun
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8.4 Context Conditions 245 Further,
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 247 T
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 249 w
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 251 s
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8.6 Primitive deepCopy Messages 253
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8.6 Primitive deepCopy Messages 255
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8.7 Example: Complex Numbers 257 is
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8.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks
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Chapter 9 Process Part of POOSL Cha
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9.3 Formal Syntax 263 In almost any
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9.3 Formal Syntax 265 The fourth st
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9.3 Formal Syntax 267 call of the f
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9.4 Context Conditions 269 We are n
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9.5 A Computational Interleaving Se
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9.6 Example: A Simple Handshake Pro
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 291 is
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 293 da
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 295 e
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 297 Em
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 299 (o
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9.8 Summary 301 To prepare the deve
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Chapter 10 Behaviour-Preserving Tra
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10.2 Instance Structure Diagrams 30
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10.2 Instance Structure Diagrams 30
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10.3 Some Properties of Transformat
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10.4 A System of Basic Transformati
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10.5 Example: The Elevator Problem
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10.7 On the Fundamental Limitations
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10.7 On the Fundamental Limitations
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10.8 Summary 331 are transformation
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Chapter 11 SHE Framework Chapter 1
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11.2 SHE Context and Phases 335 Inf
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11.2 SHE Context and Phases 337 a p
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11.2 SHE Context and Phases 339 11.
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11.3 SHE Framework 341 the system.
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11.4 Essential Specification Modell
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11.5 Extended Specification Modelli
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Chapter 12 Case Study Chapter 1 Cha
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12.2 Initial Requirements Descripti
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12.3 The Essential Specification 37
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12.4 Towards an Extended Specificat
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12.5 Concluding Remarks 399 i1 DIST
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12.5 Concluding Remarks 401 Feeder
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Chapter 13 Conclusions and Future W
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13.2 P.H.A. van der Putten’s Cont
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13.2 P.H.A. van der Putten’s Cont
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13.4 Related Results 409 The notion
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Appendix A The POOSL Transition Sys
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A.1 The Data Part of POOSL 413 (12)
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A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 415 A
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A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 417 (
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A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 419 (
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A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 421 i
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Appendix B Proofs of Propositions a
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Proofs of Propositions and Transfor
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Appendix C Glossary of Symbols This
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Glossary of Symbols 437 267 Cp ¥¡
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References [AB90] P. America and F.
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REFERENCES 441 [C [C [C 86] B. Cohe
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REFERENCES 443 [Her90] A.J.H. Herbe
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REFERENCES 445 [MV93] S. Mauw and G
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REFERENCES 447 [vE89] P. van Eijk.
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Index abort, 297 abstract action so
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INDEX 451 strong, 190, 293 subsyste
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INDEX 453 delay, 178 do-statement,
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Summary This combined thesis descri
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Samenvatting Dit gecombineerde proe
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Curricula Vitae Piet van der Putten
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