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322 Behaviour-Preserving Transformations One AudibleAlarmImage, one DoorsImage and one ElevatorPassengerImage is mapped onto each ElevatorCageControlModule. All ElevatorMechanismHandlers, all IndividualElevators and the CentralControl instance are mapped onto the ElevatorsControlModule. One FloorPassengerImage is mapped onto each FloorPassengerInterfaceModule. The modification of the initial POOSL specification presented in Figure 10.1 requires a large sequence of successive applications of basic behaviour-preserving transformations. In this chapter we will only present a global sketch of this sequence and show the result of its application in graphical form. In [Voe] the transformation sequence is described in more detail. [Voe] further presents a complete initial elevator specification as well as a complete transformed elevator specification. An Instance Structure Diagram of the transformed elevator specification is shown in Figure 10.4. The transformation sequence is explained in 12 steps. Each step uses one or more basic behaviour-preserving transformations defined in the previous chapter. Applications of Proposition 4 (stating that ¢ is a partial congruence) are not mentioned. ¡ ¢ 1. First transformation 13 is applied to replace the ElevatorControlSystem cluster by its constituents. The remaining behaviour specification is then of the form K)) L), where BSpec1 contains the terminator instances and (BSpec1 (BSpec2 where BSpec2 K is the behaviour specification of the ElevatorControlSystem class. This class is eliminated from the system of process and cluster classes by applying 12. ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¦ 2. Since BSpec1 does not contain any channels that are in K, (BSpec1 (BSpec2 K)) L) can be transformed into ((BSpec1 K) (BSpec2 K)) L) by 7. Since BSpec1 and BSpec2 do not communicate over channels in L, 11 can be applied to yield (BSpec1 BSpec2) K L. The two successive channel hidings are combined by 8. We then obtain (BSpec1 BSpec2) K L. ¢ ¦ ¢ ElevatorMechanism(¡ 0¡ )§ ¢ ¦ 3. By repeatedly applying 2 and 3, (BSpec1 BSpec2) K L can be transformed into (BSpec1 f BSpec3) K L. ElevatorMechanism(¡ 0¡ ¢ ((AAI(¡ AAI¡ ¡ ¢ DI(¡ DI¡ ¡ 0¡ ¢ EMH(¡ EMH¡ ¡ 0¡ ¢ EMI(¡ EMI¡ ¡ 0¡ M)§ f ¢ BSpec3) ¦ 0¡ 4. Using transformation 13, cluster ) is replaced by its internals. We will use obvious abbreviations for their names: (BSpec1 ) ) ) )) K L 5. Transformations 10 and 6 (with condition NoComChange¡ ) are applied to give the internal channels of the former ElevatorMechanism(¡ 0¡ ) cluster new and fresh names. The applied channel renaming function is g. (BSpec1 ¢ ((AAI(¡ AAI¡ ¡ 0¡ )§ g ¢ DI(¡ DI¡ ¡ 0¡ )§ g ¢ EMH(¡ EMH¡ ¡ 0¡ )§ g ¢ EMI(¡ EMI¡ ¡ 0¡ )§ g ) g(M))§ f ¢ BSpec3) K¦ L
10.5 Example: The Elevator Problem 323 Overweight Sensor ('OS'+'0') osos0 osos emem Over weight Sensor Image ('OSI'+'0') ecem Elevator Mechanism Handler ('EMH'+'0') Floor Sensors ('0') Elevator Motor Image ('EMI'+'0') ecos mhmi Elevator Motor ('EM'+'0') emem0 Operator Audible Alarm ('AA'+'0') Audible Doors Alarm Image Image ('AAI'+'0') aamh dimh ('DI'+'0') Individual Elevator ('0') Central Controller fpcc Doors ('D'+'0') Floor Passenger Image ('FPI'+'0') fpsl fpsi fpfp fpfp0 fpfp39 ... Floor Passenger ('EP'+'0') Elevator Passenger ('EP'+'0') Elevator Passenger Image ('EPI'+'0') Figure 10.3: Intermediate Instance Structure Diagram of the Elevator Specification 6. Now 9 is applied from right to left to interchange channel hiding g(M) and channel renaming f . We use the fact that f 1 ¢ AAI¡ ((AAI(¡ ¡ 0¡ )§ g ¢ DI(¡ DI¡ ¡ 0¡ )§ g ¢ EMH(¡ EMH¡ ¡ 0¡ )§ g ¢ EMI(¡ EMI¡ ¡ 0¡ )§ g )§ ¢ ¦ (g(M)) = g(M). (BSpec1 f g(M)) BSpec3) K L 7. The channel hiding way as is done with g(M) is moved to the edge of the specification in a similar K in ¢ (AAI(¡ AAI¡ ¡ 0¡ )§ g ¢ DI(¡ DI¡ ¡ 0¡ )§ g ¢ step 2: ¡ 0¡ )§ g¢ EMI(¡ EMI¡ ¡ 0¡ )§ g )§ ¢ EMH(¡ ¦ ¦ EMH¡ (BSpec1 f BSpec3) g(M) K L 8. By applying 6 (with condition NoComChange¡ ), channel renaming f is distributed over the former components of cluster ElevatorMechanism(¡ 0¡ ). Transformations 4 and 5 are repeatedly used to simplify the obtained channel renamings. The resulting specification can now be written as (BSpec1 ¢ AAI(¡ AAI¡ ¡ 0¡ )§ g1 ¢ DI¡ ¡ 0¡ )§ g2 ¢ EMH(¡ EMH¡ ¡ 0¡ )§ g3 ¢ EMI(¡ EMI¡ ¡ 0¡ )§ g4 ¢ BSpec3) g(M)¦ K ¦ L DI(¡ 9. Transformation steps 3–8 are repeated for each remaining ElevatorMechanism. Transformation 12 is then applied to eliminate cluster class ElevatorMechanism from the system of process and cluster classes.
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Specification of Reactive Hardware/
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to Leny, Inge and our parents
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Contents Acknowledgements v 1 Intro
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CONTENTS ix 4.6.5 Aggregate Semanti
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CONTENTS xi 6 Modelling of Concurre
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CONTENTS xiii 6.6.7.2 System Specif
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CONTENTS xv 11.4.2.3 Requirements C
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List of Figures 1.1 Chapter Overvie
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LIST OF FIGURES xix 6.16 Strongly D
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Objectiv
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1.1 Objectives 3 understood and sti
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1.1 Objectives 5 Informal and Forma
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1.2 Thesis Organisation 7 Chapter 1
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1.2 Thesis Organisation 9 Recommend
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Chapter 2 On Specification of React
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2.3 Specifications, Models and View
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2.4 Specification Languages, Formal
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2.4 Specification Languages, Formal
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2.5 Modelling Concepts 23 entirety.
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2.5 Modelling Concepts 25 Tradition
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2.6 Activity Frameworks for Specifi
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2.6 Activity Frameworks for Specifi
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2.7 Summary 31 offer many guideline
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Chapter 3 Concepts for Analysis, Sp
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3.3 Concepts 35 3. creation of a sy
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3.5 Combining Compatible Concepts 3
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 39 3.
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 41 Th
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 43 ac
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 45 ac
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 47 wa
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 49 Ge
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 51 Re
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3.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
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Chapter 4 Abstraction of a Problem
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4.1 Introduction 57 earlier phase t
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4.2 Objects 59 An object can mean t
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4.2 Objects 61 wonder what other ob
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4.3 Classes 63 A message interface
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4.3 Classes 65 Class B Attributes M
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4.4 Data Objects and Process Object
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4.5 Clusters 79 flows. Clusters ena
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4.6 Aggregates 81 Therefore a compl
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4.6 Aggregates 83 4.6.4 Clustered A
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4.6 Aggregates 85 An old philosophi
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4.7 Identity and Object Identifiers
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4.8 Properties of Composites 89 for
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4.8 Properties of Composites 91 com
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4.8 Properties of Composites 93 Whe
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4.8 Properties of Composites 95 In
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4.9 Channel Hiding 97 Servant A Sup
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4.11 Composites and Hierarchies 99
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4.12 Object Variety 101 Part class
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4.13 Object Class Models 103 Anothe
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4.13 Object Class Models 105 of obj
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4.14 Attributes and Variables 107 c
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4.14 Attributes and Variables 109 4
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4.15 Operations, Services, Methods
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4.15 Operations, Services, Methods
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4.17 Summary 115 Accidental Propert
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Chapter 5 Concepts for the Integrat
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5.2 Architecture 119 Requirements D
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5.3 Design Philosophy 121 this. The
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5.4 Essential Model and Extended Mo
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5.4 Essential Model and Extended Mo
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5.6 Architecture and Implementation
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5.7 Views 129 Management £ £ £ P
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5.7 Views 131 Behaviour Behaviour U
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5.8 Boundaries 133 5.8 Boundaries 5
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5.8 Boundaries 135 x x Object A y z
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5.8 Boundaries 137 x w w x Object A
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5.8 Boundaries 139 In Chapter 10 we
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5.9 Transformations 141 The modific
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5.10 Formalisation 143 Level 1 Leve
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5.11 Summary 145 Behaviour Requirem
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Chapter 6 Modelling of Concurrent R
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6.2 Concurrency and Synchronisation
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6.3 Communication 157 between proce
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6.3 Communication 159 or to transfo
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6.3 Communication 161 6.3.3.4 Messa
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6.3 Communication 163 Synchronous m
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6.3 Communication 165 channel-name
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6.3 Communication 167 can be descri
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6.3 Communication 169 statement aft
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6.3 Communication 171 (normalCourse
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6.3 Communication 173 ∞ client re
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6.3 Communication 175 There is a gr
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6.3 Communication 177 process A pro
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6.3 Communication 179 Clocks An int
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6.3 Communication 181 whether the s
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6.3 Communication 183 6.3.9.4 Model
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6.3 Communication 185 6.3.10.2 Desc
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6.4 Distribution 187 force to take
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6.4 Distribution 189 is that the in
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6.4 Distribution 191 links to each
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6.4 Distribution 193 6.4.6 Distribu
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6.5 Scenarios 195 entities. This su
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6.5 Scenarios 197 startJob readyToA
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6.5 Scenarios 199 collection of tex
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 201 selection
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 203 processes
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 205 even for
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 207 with the
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 209 6.6.4 Sep
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 211 6.6.5 Mod
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 213 to pay at
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 215 A method
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 217 to happen
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 219 c a Multi
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 221 but not t
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6.7 Real-Time Modelling 223 claimed
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6.7 Real-Time Modelling 225 in the
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6.8 Summary 227 They can graphicall
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Chapter 7 Introduction to the Seman
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7.2 A Brief Language Characterisati
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7.3 The Role of Semantics 233 7.3 T
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7.4 Mathematical Preliminaries 235
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7.4 Mathematical Preliminaries 237
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7.5 Concluding Remarks 239 0 ¡ Bin
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Chapter 8 Data Part of POOSL Chapte
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8.3 Formal Syntax 243 runk, and cun
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8.4 Context Conditions 245 Further,
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 247 T
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 249 w
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 251 s
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8.6 Primitive deepCopy Messages 253
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8.6 Primitive deepCopy Messages 255
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8.7 Example: Complex Numbers 257 is
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8.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks
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Chapter 9 Process Part of POOSL Cha
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9.3 Formal Syntax 263 In almost any
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9.3 Formal Syntax 265 The fourth st
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9.3 Formal Syntax 267 call of the f
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9.4 Context Conditions 269 We are n
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Page 317 and 318: 9.7 The Development of POOSL 297 Em
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Page 351 and 352: 10.8 Summary 331 are transformation
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Page 355 and 356: 11.2 SHE Context and Phases 335 Inf
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Page 361 and 362: 11.3 SHE Framework 341 the system.
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11.5 Extended Specification Modelli
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Chapter 12 Case Study Chapter 1 Cha
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12.2 Initial Requirements Descripti
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12.3 The Essential Specification 37
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12.4 Towards an Extended Specificat
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12.5 Concluding Remarks 399 i1 DIST
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12.5 Concluding Remarks 401 Feeder
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Chapter 13 Conclusions and Future W
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13.2 P.H.A. van der Putten’s Cont
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13.2 P.H.A. van der Putten’s Cont
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13.4 Related Results 409 The notion
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Appendix A The POOSL Transition Sys
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A.1 The Data Part of POOSL 413 (12)
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A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 415 A
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A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 417 (
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A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 419 (
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A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 421 i
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Appendix B Proofs of Propositions a
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Proofs of Propositions and Transfor
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Appendix C Glossary of Symbols This
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Glossary of Symbols 437 267 Cp ¥¡
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References [AB90] P. America and F.
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REFERENCES 441 [C [C [C 86] B. Cohe
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REFERENCES 443 [Her90] A.J.H. Herbe
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REFERENCES 445 [MV93] S. Mauw and G
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REFERENCES 447 [vE89] P. van Eijk.
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Index abort, 297 abstract action so
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INDEX 451 strong, 190, 293 subsyste
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INDEX 453 delay, 178 do-statement,
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Summary This combined thesis descri
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Samenvatting Dit gecombineerde proe
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Curricula Vitae Piet van der Putten
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