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372 SHE Framework object_1 (essential model) object_1 (essential model) object_channel_x (extended model) Figure 11.21: Explicit Channel Model object_a (extended model) cluster_1 (essential model) channel_ch (essential model) object_b (extended model) object_2 (essential model) object_2 (essential model) cluster_2 (essential model) Figure 11.22: Local Extensions as clusters that carry distribution and concurrency boundaries. Besides the aspect of a target processor that will implement a module of distribution there is the aspect of the scheduling of tasks. The extended model enables the exploration of the execution of the processes that are allocated to a particular processor. There is a variety of possibilities that differ strongly in their complexity of execution. A sequential implementation can be modelled by an appropriate behaviour style for the process classes concerned. The order of execution can be modelled explicitly by giving a dedicated object the task of being a controller. This controller determines the order in which all other processes allocated to the processor are activated. A pseudo concurrent implementation of a system can be realised by the use of an operating system that supports the scheduling of processes on a particular processor. For instance the implementation of a real-time system can be simplified by using a
11.5 Extended Specification Modelling 373 purchased real-time operating system for the chosen processor. There is a wide variety available. Some are rather standard products others are intended as a framework that allows user defined configuration. Van Felius [vF96] explored the mapping from POOSL to pseudo concurrent implementations in C++, using the IEEE standard 1003.1 (POSIX) as interface to a thread library. Hardware implementation technology decisions can lead to the exploration of various specific functions. For instance a power-up reset may require a specific order in which various processes or modules are activated. Programmable logic requires configuration. Programmable logic modules can realise system parts that can be used in a flexible way. This requires programming control that can be even remote. Saving power can require a considered control of the activation of subsystems. The choice of a communication technology has in general a big impact on a model. Therefore selections should be made on the system level and as early as possible. The world of communication technology and protocols is a rapidly growing. Depending on the sort of system to be developed we have to cope with design according to various standards. There is a huge amount of knowledge in the area of standards. A wide variety of communication processors that implement particular protocols for networks or busses is available in hardware and/or software. In depth specific knowledge is necessary when the implementation of one or more protocols is needed. Further description is beyond the scope of this thesis. Selection of interface technology on the system boundary is in general postponed to the extended modelling phase. Therefore the modelling of objects around the system boundary needs special attention. Dedicated objects can be added to model the concrete communication between actors and sensors that are chosen to implementation terminators. Another example of a modelling activity in this phase is the detailed design of user interfaces. The essential model will specify a rather abstract user interface. A command by a user can be modelled as one single message. In reality many interactions can be needed accompanied by checking of the interactions to give such a command. Extended modelling refines such a user interface. User interface and interface technology affect also an environment model developed for simulation. So refinement of this model is also part of the activities. 11.5.5 Extended Instance Structure Diagrams The activities in the Instance Structure Models in the extended phase are of the same sort. Formalisation of properties by boundaries is further extended and refined based in implementation and design decisions. Abstraction boundaries, implementation boundaries, concurrency boundaries, and distribution boundaries annotated on a hierarchy of clusters structure the model. Behaviour preserving transformations can be used to improve the structure of the model and to map various processes on various implementation modules.
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Specification of Reactive Hardware/
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to Leny, Inge and our parents
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Contents Acknowledgements v 1 Intro
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CONTENTS ix 4.6.5 Aggregate Semanti
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CONTENTS xi 6 Modelling of Concurre
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CONTENTS xiii 6.6.7.2 System Specif
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CONTENTS xv 11.4.2.3 Requirements C
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List of Figures 1.1 Chapter Overvie
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LIST OF FIGURES xix 6.16 Strongly D
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Objectiv
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1.1 Objectives 3 understood and sti
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1.1 Objectives 5 Informal and Forma
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1.2 Thesis Organisation 7 Chapter 1
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1.2 Thesis Organisation 9 Recommend
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Chapter 2 On Specification of React
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2.3 Specifications, Models and View
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2.4 Specification Languages, Formal
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2.4 Specification Languages, Formal
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2.5 Modelling Concepts 23 entirety.
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2.5 Modelling Concepts 25 Tradition
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2.6 Activity Frameworks for Specifi
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2.6 Activity Frameworks for Specifi
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2.7 Summary 31 offer many guideline
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Chapter 3 Concepts for Analysis, Sp
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3.3 Concepts 35 3. creation of a sy
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3.5 Combining Compatible Concepts 3
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 39 3.
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 41 Th
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 43 ac
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 45 ac
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 47 wa
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 49 Ge
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 51 Re
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3.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
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Chapter 4 Abstraction of a Problem
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4.1 Introduction 57 earlier phase t
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4.2 Objects 59 An object can mean t
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4.2 Objects 61 wonder what other ob
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4.3 Classes 63 A message interface
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4.3 Classes 65 Class B Attributes M
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4.4 Data Objects and Process Object
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4.5 Clusters 79 flows. Clusters ena
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4.6 Aggregates 81 Therefore a compl
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4.6 Aggregates 83 4.6.4 Clustered A
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4.6 Aggregates 85 An old philosophi
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4.7 Identity and Object Identifiers
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4.8 Properties of Composites 89 for
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4.8 Properties of Composites 91 com
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4.8 Properties of Composites 93 Whe
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4.8 Properties of Composites 95 In
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4.9 Channel Hiding 97 Servant A Sup
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4.11 Composites and Hierarchies 99
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4.12 Object Variety 101 Part class
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4.13 Object Class Models 103 Anothe
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4.13 Object Class Models 105 of obj
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4.14 Attributes and Variables 107 c
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4.14 Attributes and Variables 109 4
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4.15 Operations, Services, Methods
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4.15 Operations, Services, Methods
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4.17 Summary 115 Accidental Propert
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Chapter 5 Concepts for the Integrat
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5.2 Architecture 119 Requirements D
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5.3 Design Philosophy 121 this. The
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5.4 Essential Model and Extended Mo
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5.4 Essential Model and Extended Mo
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5.6 Architecture and Implementation
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5.7 Views 129 Management £ £ £ P
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5.7 Views 131 Behaviour Behaviour U
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5.8 Boundaries 133 5.8 Boundaries 5
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5.8 Boundaries 135 x x Object A y z
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5.8 Boundaries 137 x w w x Object A
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5.8 Boundaries 139 In Chapter 10 we
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5.9 Transformations 141 The modific
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5.10 Formalisation 143 Level 1 Leve
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5.11 Summary 145 Behaviour Requirem
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Chapter 6 Modelling of Concurrent R
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6.2 Concurrency and Synchronisation
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6.3 Communication 157 between proce
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6.3 Communication 159 or to transfo
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6.3 Communication 161 6.3.3.4 Messa
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6.3 Communication 163 Synchronous m
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6.3 Communication 165 channel-name
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6.3 Communication 167 can be descri
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6.3 Communication 169 statement aft
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6.3 Communication 171 (normalCourse
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6.3 Communication 173 ∞ client re
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6.3 Communication 175 There is a gr
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6.3 Communication 177 process A pro
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6.3 Communication 179 Clocks An int
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6.3 Communication 181 whether the s
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6.3 Communication 183 6.3.9.4 Model
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6.3 Communication 185 6.3.10.2 Desc
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6.4 Distribution 187 force to take
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6.4 Distribution 189 is that the in
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6.4 Distribution 191 links to each
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6.4 Distribution 193 6.4.6 Distribu
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6.5 Scenarios 195 entities. This su
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6.5 Scenarios 197 startJob readyToA
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6.5 Scenarios 199 collection of tex
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 201 selection
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 203 processes
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 205 even for
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 207 with the
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 209 6.6.4 Sep
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 211 6.6.5 Mod
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 213 to pay at
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 215 A method
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 217 to happen
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 219 c a Multi
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 221 but not t
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6.7 Real-Time Modelling 223 claimed
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6.7 Real-Time Modelling 225 in the
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6.8 Summary 227 They can graphicall
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Chapter 7 Introduction to the Seman
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7.2 A Brief Language Characterisati
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7.3 The Role of Semantics 233 7.3 T
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7.4 Mathematical Preliminaries 235
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7.4 Mathematical Preliminaries 237
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7.5 Concluding Remarks 239 0 ¡ Bin
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Chapter 8 Data Part of POOSL Chapte
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8.3 Formal Syntax 243 runk, and cun
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8.4 Context Conditions 245 Further,
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 247 T
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 249 w
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 251 s
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8.6 Primitive deepCopy Messages 253
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8.6 Primitive deepCopy Messages 255
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8.7 Example: Complex Numbers 257 is
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8.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks
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Chapter 9 Process Part of POOSL Cha
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9.3 Formal Syntax 263 In almost any
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9.3 Formal Syntax 265 The fourth st
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9.3 Formal Syntax 267 call of the f
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9.4 Context Conditions 269 We are n
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9.5 A Computational Interleaving Se
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9.6 Example: A Simple Handshake Pro
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 291 is
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 293 da
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 295 e
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 297 Em
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 299 (o
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9.8 Summary 301 To prepare the deve
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Chapter 10 Behaviour-Preserving Tra
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10.2 Instance Structure Diagrams 30
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10.2 Instance Structure Diagrams 30
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10.3 Some Properties of Transformat
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10.4 A System of Basic Transformati
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10.5 Example: The Elevator Problem
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Page 351 and 352: 10.8 Summary 331 are transformation
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Page 355 and 356: 11.2 SHE Context and Phases 335 Inf
Page 357 and 358: 11.2 SHE Context and Phases 337 a p
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Page 361 and 362: 11.3 SHE Framework 341 the system.
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Page 397 and 398: 12.2 Initial Requirements Descripti
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Page 417 and 418: 12.4 Towards an Extended Specificat
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Page 421 and 422: 12.5 Concluding Remarks 401 Feeder
Page 423 and 424: Chapter 13 Conclusions and Future W
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Page 429 and 430: 13.4 Related Results 409 The notion
Page 431 and 432: Appendix A The POOSL Transition Sys
Page 433 and 434: A.1 The Data Part of POOSL 413 (12)
Page 435 and 436: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 415 A
Page 437 and 438: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 417 (
Page 439 and 440: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 419 (
Page 441 and 442: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 421 i
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Appendix B Proofs of Propositions a
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Proofs of Propositions and Transfor
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Appendix C Glossary of Symbols This
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Glossary of Symbols 437 267 Cp ¥¡
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References [AB90] P. America and F.
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REFERENCES 441 [C [C [C 86] B. Cohe
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REFERENCES 443 [Her90] A.J.H. Herbe
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REFERENCES 445 [MV93] S. Mauw and G
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REFERENCES 447 [vE89] P. van Eijk.
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Index abort, 297 abstract action so
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INDEX 451 strong, 190, 293 subsyste
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INDEX 453 delay, 178 do-statement,
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Summary This combined thesis descri
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Samenvatting Dit gecombineerde proe
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Curricula Vitae Piet van der Putten
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