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378 Case Study eral (mechanical) machine parameters. This is an expensive and time-consuming task. In future the configuration of parameters should be automated as much as possible. To cut costs, advertising companies are going to distribute advertising mail in a personalised form. This leads to the concept of personalised mail. The current generation of Buhrs machines is not well equipped to support this form of mailing yet. The requirement of personalised mail makes the machines substantially more complex. It implies that each station must be fed with the correct product information at the correct time. Stations in a line must be able to exchange this product information, but they also have to be able to process this information in order to perform the correct services for each mailing packet. A difficult problem that comes with personalised mail is the insurance of quality. Personalised packets may not get lost. Damaged packets have to be removed and replaced. Therefore the corresponding personal information has to re-enter the production line with a request to assemble the same packet again. To carry out a batch-job the stations of a production line require appropriate personal information. In general the personal information is supplied by publishers or editors in the form of pre-printed address labels or in the form of a file of records. Anyway, the supplied information does not have the correct form such that it can be fed directly to the production line. The information must first be pre-processed in such a way that each functional module can perform the correct services at the right time. Since a line can be configured differently for different batch-jobs, the pre-processing depends on the settings of the current configuration parameters. A dedicated product information server is required to perform the personal information pre-processing. The requirements stated above are summarised in the following list of requirements: The central control concept must be replaced by a decentralised concept. The new generation of mailing machines must be realised as a collection of rather independent and autonomous stations. Stations are connected as plug-and-play components. Stations communicate with each other solely through generic interfaces. Each station has its own intelligence and takes care of its own product transport. Each station has zero or more plug-and-play interfaces to its functional modules. A production line must be self-configuring. A production line must support personalised mail. Damaged personalised packets have to be removed and replaced. A mailing machine requires a dedicated product information server. Notice that this list only contains requirements concerning the difference between the current generation and the future generation of mailing machines. The requirements of the current generation of machines are not stated in this thesis.
12.3 The Essential Specification 379 12.2.3 Prescribed Technology and Topology When the model we will present in this chapter was created, the technology and topology that had to be applied to implement the intelligence of the separate stations was not prescribed. Currently, the idea is to connect the different stations through a Controller Area Network (CAN) [CAN95]. The intelligence of the different stations can then be mapped onto separate CAN modules. 12.3 The Essential Specification 12.3.1 Architecture Structure Diagram From the requirements described in the Section 12.2 it follows that neighbouring stations are connected by generic plug-and-play interfaces. Further each station is equipped with its own intelligent control. These considerations lead to a first topology of the architecture of the control system. In Figure 12.2 this topology is shown in the form of an Architecture Structure Diagram. The diagram visualises the different controllers that Sensors/ Actuators Feeder Controller Sensors/ Actuators Sensors/ Actuators Sensors/ Actuators Merger Controller Feeder Controller Feeder Controller Sensors/ Actuators Feeder Controller Sensors/ Actuators Packer Controller Product Information Server Sensors/ Actuators Printer/ Separator Controller Sensors/ Actuators Stacker Controller Figure 12.2: Architecture Structure Diagram of the Control System correspond to the stations as shown in Figure 12.1. The controllers are connected by point-to-point communication channels which are used for the exchange of information. Besides the topology of a line of physically separated stations that are connected by plug-and-play interfaces, Figure 12.2 reveals also structure elements that originate from a conceptual solution of the design problem. This solution concerns the creation of a flow of product information objects that is synchronous to the flow of corresponding physical mailing products. The conceptual solution is described in detail in the following subsections. Each controller manages the physical transport of product packets as well as the functions that operate on these packets. For this purpose the controllers communicate with
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Specification of Reactive Hardware/
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to Leny, Inge and our parents
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Contents Acknowledgements v 1 Intro
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CONTENTS ix 4.6.5 Aggregate Semanti
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CONTENTS xi 6 Modelling of Concurre
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CONTENTS xiii 6.6.7.2 System Specif
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CONTENTS xv 11.4.2.3 Requirements C
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List of Figures 1.1 Chapter Overvie
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LIST OF FIGURES xix 6.16 Strongly D
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Objectiv
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1.1 Objectives 3 understood and sti
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1.1 Objectives 5 Informal and Forma
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1.2 Thesis Organisation 7 Chapter 1
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1.2 Thesis Organisation 9 Recommend
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Chapter 2 On Specification of React
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2.3 Specifications, Models and View
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2.4 Specification Languages, Formal
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2.4 Specification Languages, Formal
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2.5 Modelling Concepts 23 entirety.
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2.5 Modelling Concepts 25 Tradition
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2.6 Activity Frameworks for Specifi
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2.6 Activity Frameworks for Specifi
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2.7 Summary 31 offer many guideline
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Chapter 3 Concepts for Analysis, Sp
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3.3 Concepts 35 3. creation of a sy
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3.5 Combining Compatible Concepts 3
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 39 3.
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 41 Th
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 43 ac
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 45 ac
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 47 wa
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 49 Ge
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 51 Re
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3.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
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Chapter 4 Abstraction of a Problem
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4.1 Introduction 57 earlier phase t
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4.2 Objects 59 An object can mean t
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4.2 Objects 61 wonder what other ob
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4.3 Classes 63 A message interface
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4.3 Classes 65 Class B Attributes M
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4.4 Data Objects and Process Object
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4.5 Clusters 79 flows. Clusters ena
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4.6 Aggregates 81 Therefore a compl
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4.6 Aggregates 83 4.6.4 Clustered A
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4.6 Aggregates 85 An old philosophi
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4.7 Identity and Object Identifiers
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4.8 Properties of Composites 89 for
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4.8 Properties of Composites 91 com
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4.8 Properties of Composites 93 Whe
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4.8 Properties of Composites 95 In
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4.9 Channel Hiding 97 Servant A Sup
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4.11 Composites and Hierarchies 99
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4.12 Object Variety 101 Part class
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4.13 Object Class Models 103 Anothe
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4.13 Object Class Models 105 of obj
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4.14 Attributes and Variables 107 c
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4.14 Attributes and Variables 109 4
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4.15 Operations, Services, Methods
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4.15 Operations, Services, Methods
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4.17 Summary 115 Accidental Propert
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Chapter 5 Concepts for the Integrat
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5.2 Architecture 119 Requirements D
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5.3 Design Philosophy 121 this. The
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5.4 Essential Model and Extended Mo
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5.4 Essential Model and Extended Mo
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5.6 Architecture and Implementation
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5.7 Views 129 Management £ £ £ P
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5.7 Views 131 Behaviour Behaviour U
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5.8 Boundaries 133 5.8 Boundaries 5
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5.8 Boundaries 135 x x Object A y z
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5.8 Boundaries 137 x w w x Object A
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5.8 Boundaries 139 In Chapter 10 we
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5.9 Transformations 141 The modific
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5.10 Formalisation 143 Level 1 Leve
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5.11 Summary 145 Behaviour Requirem
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Chapter 6 Modelling of Concurrent R
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6.2 Concurrency and Synchronisation
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6.3 Communication 157 between proce
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6.3 Communication 159 or to transfo
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6.3 Communication 161 6.3.3.4 Messa
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6.3 Communication 163 Synchronous m
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6.3 Communication 165 channel-name
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6.3 Communication 167 can be descri
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6.3 Communication 169 statement aft
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6.3 Communication 171 (normalCourse
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6.3 Communication 173 ∞ client re
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6.3 Communication 175 There is a gr
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6.3 Communication 177 process A pro
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6.3 Communication 179 Clocks An int
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6.3 Communication 181 whether the s
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6.3 Communication 183 6.3.9.4 Model
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6.3 Communication 185 6.3.10.2 Desc
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6.4 Distribution 187 force to take
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6.4 Distribution 189 is that the in
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6.4 Distribution 191 links to each
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6.4 Distribution 193 6.4.6 Distribu
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6.5 Scenarios 195 entities. This su
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6.5 Scenarios 197 startJob readyToA
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6.5 Scenarios 199 collection of tex
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 201 selection
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 203 processes
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 205 even for
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 207 with the
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 209 6.6.4 Sep
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 211 6.6.5 Mod
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 213 to pay at
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 215 A method
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 217 to happen
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 219 c a Multi
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 221 but not t
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6.7 Real-Time Modelling 223 claimed
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6.7 Real-Time Modelling 225 in the
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6.8 Summary 227 They can graphicall
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Chapter 7 Introduction to the Seman
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7.2 A Brief Language Characterisati
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7.3 The Role of Semantics 233 7.3 T
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7.4 Mathematical Preliminaries 235
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7.4 Mathematical Preliminaries 237
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7.5 Concluding Remarks 239 0 ¡ Bin
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Chapter 8 Data Part of POOSL Chapte
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8.3 Formal Syntax 243 runk, and cun
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8.4 Context Conditions 245 Further,
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 247 T
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 249 w
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 251 s
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8.6 Primitive deepCopy Messages 253
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8.6 Primitive deepCopy Messages 255
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8.7 Example: Complex Numbers 257 is
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8.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks
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Chapter 9 Process Part of POOSL Cha
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9.3 Formal Syntax 263 In almost any
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9.3 Formal Syntax 265 The fourth st
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9.3 Formal Syntax 267 call of the f
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9.4 Context Conditions 269 We are n
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9.5 A Computational Interleaving Se
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9.6 Example: A Simple Handshake Pro
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 291 is
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 293 da
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 295 e
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 297 Em
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 299 (o
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9.8 Summary 301 To prepare the deve
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Chapter 10 Behaviour-Preserving Tra
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10.2 Instance Structure Diagrams 30
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10.2 Instance Structure Diagrams 30
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10.3 Some Properties of Transformat
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10.4 A System of Basic Transformati
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10.5 Example: The Elevator Problem
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Page 351 and 352: 10.8 Summary 331 are transformation
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Page 355 and 356: 11.2 SHE Context and Phases 335 Inf
Page 357 and 358: 11.2 SHE Context and Phases 337 a p
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Page 361 and 362: 11.3 SHE Framework 341 the system.
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Page 417 and 418: 12.4 Towards an Extended Specificat
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Page 421 and 422: 12.5 Concluding Remarks 401 Feeder
Page 423 and 424: Chapter 13 Conclusions and Future W
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Page 429 and 430: 13.4 Related Results 409 The notion
Page 431 and 432: Appendix A The POOSL Transition Sys
Page 433 and 434: A.1 The Data Part of POOSL 413 (12)
Page 435 and 436: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 415 A
Page 437 and 438: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 417 (
Page 439 and 440: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 419 (
Page 441 and 442: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 421 i
Page 443 and 444: Appendix B Proofs of Propositions a
Page 445 and 446: Proofs of Propositions and Transfor
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Proofs of Propositions and Transfor
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Appendix C Glossary of Symbols This
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Glossary of Symbols 437 267 Cp ¥¡
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References [AB90] P. America and F.
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REFERENCES 441 [C [C [C 86] B. Cohe
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REFERENCES 443 [Her90] A.J.H. Herbe
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REFERENCES 445 [MV93] S. Mauw and G
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REFERENCES 447 [vE89] P. van Eijk.
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Index abort, 297 abstract action so
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INDEX 451 strong, 190, 293 subsyste
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INDEX 453 delay, 178 do-statement,
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Summary This combined thesis descri
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Samenvatting Dit gecombineerde proe
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Curricula Vitae Piet van der Putten
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