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380 Case Study (local) sensors and actuators (see Figure 12.2). Notice that the model does not distinguish between the different kinds of feeders shown in Figure 12.1. This emphasises the strive for generic modules with generic interfaces. Next to the controllers, Figure 12.2 shows a product information server. The information server produces information for the main feeder stations and consumes information that leaves the stacker station. 12.3.2 Message Flow Diagram The Architecture Structure Diagram of Figure 12.2 shows the structure of our conceptual solution, but does not give any clue about behaviour and communication. A conceptual solution of how stations communicate and exchange information can be found by considering the requirement of personalised mail. The solution is shown in the Message Flow Diagram of Figure 12.3. The diagram shows a cluster instance for each Feeder Station accept (PI) accept(PI) Merger Station accept(PI) Feeder Station Feeder Station accept (PI) Feeder Station accept (PI) accept(PI) Product_ Information_ accept(PI) Server Packer Station accept (PI) Printer/ Separator Station accept(PI) Figure 12.3: Message Flow Diagram of the Control System accept (PI) Stacker Station controller with corresponding sensors and actuators. These clusters communicate by sending each other accept ¢ messages. The idea is to create a flow of product informa- PI£ tion objects through the controllers. Product information objects are generated by the Product Information Server and offered to both the main Feeder Stations. The information objects leaving the Stacker Station are accepted by the Product Information Server for further processing3 . Product information objects are modelled by data objects of data class PI. Each PI object contains the personal information of a corresponding physical mailing product on the production line. The flow of PI objects is completely synchronous with the flow of their physical counterparts, i.e. with the personalised packets. By processing the PI objects the appropriate way, the position of each mailing product can be precisely known, and appropriate services can be performed at the right time. To give a more in-depth understanding of how this conceptual solution works we have to look inside one of the station clusters. 3 The information server can for instance retransmit a PI corresponding to a damaged packet.
12.3 The Essential Specification 381 12.3.3 Product Flow Scenario Figure 12.4 shows a Message Flow Diagram representing the processes and message flows that correspond to the Product Flow Scenario of a feeder station. The Feeder Station accept(PI) Product_ Input_ Handler productArrived Transporter_ Image schedule (PIKeeperId, InitialPosition) wakeAt(Position,Id)/ wakeup(Id) currentPosition (InitialPosition) productArrived move(Speed) Transporter encoderPulse free(PIKeeperI) store(PIKeeperId,PI) Service_ Scheduler wakeAt(Position,Id)/ wakeup(Id) Product_ Info_ Keeper handOver(PIKeeperId,InitialPosition) stop,start retrieve(PIKeeperId)/take(PI) Figure 12.4: Product Flow Scenario of Feeder Station Feeder_Station Feeder_Controller Product_ Output_ Handler accept(PI) in Figure 12.4 consists of a Feeder Controller and a Transporter terminator. The Transporter takes care of the physical transportation of local mailing products. After each unit of distance for physical transport, the Transporter sends an encoderPulse. The Transporter can also detect the arrival of a new mailing product entering the station and consequently send a productArrived message. The Transporter can accept move(Speed) messages. Through these messages the speed of the mailing products can be controlled. Inside the Feeder Controller we find a Transporter Image. This image can be considered a representative of its physical counterpart. The image is found by studying the problem domain and by applying the heuristic to represent terminators as images inside the model. Notice that the Transporter Image is the aggregate object of the (non-clustered) aggregate consisting of the Transporter and the Transporter Image. The aggregate object Transporter Image hides certain details of the Transporter (terminator), but it also ex-
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Specification of Reactive Hardware/
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to Leny, Inge and our parents
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Contents Acknowledgements v 1 Intro
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CONTENTS ix 4.6.5 Aggregate Semanti
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CONTENTS xi 6 Modelling of Concurre
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CONTENTS xiii 6.6.7.2 System Specif
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CONTENTS xv 11.4.2.3 Requirements C
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List of Figures 1.1 Chapter Overvie
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LIST OF FIGURES xix 6.16 Strongly D
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Objectiv
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1.1 Objectives 3 understood and sti
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1.1 Objectives 5 Informal and Forma
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1.2 Thesis Organisation 7 Chapter 1
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1.2 Thesis Organisation 9 Recommend
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Chapter 2 On Specification of React
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2.3 Specifications, Models and View
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2.4 Specification Languages, Formal
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2.4 Specification Languages, Formal
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2.5 Modelling Concepts 23 entirety.
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2.5 Modelling Concepts 25 Tradition
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2.6 Activity Frameworks for Specifi
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2.6 Activity Frameworks for Specifi
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2.7 Summary 31 offer many guideline
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Chapter 3 Concepts for Analysis, Sp
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3.3 Concepts 35 3. creation of a sy
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3.5 Combining Compatible Concepts 3
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 39 3.
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 41 Th
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 43 ac
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 45 ac
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 47 wa
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 49 Ge
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 51 Re
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3.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
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Chapter 4 Abstraction of a Problem
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4.1 Introduction 57 earlier phase t
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4.2 Objects 59 An object can mean t
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4.2 Objects 61 wonder what other ob
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4.3 Classes 63 A message interface
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4.3 Classes 65 Class B Attributes M
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4.4 Data Objects and Process Object
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4.5 Clusters 79 flows. Clusters ena
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4.6 Aggregates 81 Therefore a compl
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4.6 Aggregates 83 4.6.4 Clustered A
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4.6 Aggregates 85 An old philosophi
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4.7 Identity and Object Identifiers
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4.8 Properties of Composites 89 for
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4.8 Properties of Composites 91 com
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4.8 Properties of Composites 93 Whe
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4.8 Properties of Composites 95 In
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4.9 Channel Hiding 97 Servant A Sup
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4.11 Composites and Hierarchies 99
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4.12 Object Variety 101 Part class
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4.13 Object Class Models 103 Anothe
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4.13 Object Class Models 105 of obj
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4.14 Attributes and Variables 107 c
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4.14 Attributes and Variables 109 4
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4.15 Operations, Services, Methods
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4.15 Operations, Services, Methods
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4.17 Summary 115 Accidental Propert
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Chapter 5 Concepts for the Integrat
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5.2 Architecture 119 Requirements D
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5.3 Design Philosophy 121 this. The
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5.4 Essential Model and Extended Mo
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5.4 Essential Model and Extended Mo
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5.6 Architecture and Implementation
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5.7 Views 129 Management £ £ £ P
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5.7 Views 131 Behaviour Behaviour U
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5.8 Boundaries 133 5.8 Boundaries 5
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5.8 Boundaries 135 x x Object A y z
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5.8 Boundaries 137 x w w x Object A
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5.8 Boundaries 139 In Chapter 10 we
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5.9 Transformations 141 The modific
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5.10 Formalisation 143 Level 1 Leve
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5.11 Summary 145 Behaviour Requirem
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Chapter 6 Modelling of Concurrent R
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6.2 Concurrency and Synchronisation
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6.3 Communication 157 between proce
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6.3 Communication 159 or to transfo
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6.3 Communication 161 6.3.3.4 Messa
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6.3 Communication 163 Synchronous m
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6.3 Communication 165 channel-name
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6.3 Communication 167 can be descri
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6.3 Communication 169 statement aft
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6.3 Communication 171 (normalCourse
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6.3 Communication 173 ∞ client re
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6.3 Communication 175 There is a gr
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6.3 Communication 177 process A pro
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6.3 Communication 179 Clocks An int
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6.3 Communication 181 whether the s
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6.3 Communication 183 6.3.9.4 Model
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6.3 Communication 185 6.3.10.2 Desc
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6.4 Distribution 187 force to take
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6.4 Distribution 189 is that the in
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6.4 Distribution 191 links to each
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6.4 Distribution 193 6.4.6 Distribu
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6.5 Scenarios 195 entities. This su
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6.5 Scenarios 197 startJob readyToA
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6.5 Scenarios 199 collection of tex
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 201 selection
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 203 processes
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 205 even for
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 207 with the
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 209 6.6.4 Sep
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 211 6.6.5 Mod
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 213 to pay at
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 215 A method
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 217 to happen
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 219 c a Multi
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 221 but not t
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6.7 Real-Time Modelling 223 claimed
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6.7 Real-Time Modelling 225 in the
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6.8 Summary 227 They can graphicall
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Chapter 7 Introduction to the Seman
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7.2 A Brief Language Characterisati
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7.3 The Role of Semantics 233 7.3 T
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7.4 Mathematical Preliminaries 235
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7.4 Mathematical Preliminaries 237
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7.5 Concluding Remarks 239 0 ¡ Bin
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Chapter 8 Data Part of POOSL Chapte
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8.3 Formal Syntax 243 runk, and cun
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8.4 Context Conditions 245 Further,
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 247 T
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 249 w
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 251 s
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8.6 Primitive deepCopy Messages 253
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8.6 Primitive deepCopy Messages 255
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8.7 Example: Complex Numbers 257 is
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8.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks
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Chapter 9 Process Part of POOSL Cha
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9.3 Formal Syntax 263 In almost any
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9.3 Formal Syntax 265 The fourth st
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9.3 Formal Syntax 267 call of the f
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9.4 Context Conditions 269 We are n
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9.5 A Computational Interleaving Se
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9.6 Example: A Simple Handshake Pro
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 291 is
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 293 da
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 295 e
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 297 Em
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 299 (o
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9.8 Summary 301 To prepare the deve
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Chapter 10 Behaviour-Preserving Tra
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10.2 Instance Structure Diagrams 30
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10.2 Instance Structure Diagrams 30
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10.3 Some Properties of Transformat
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10.4 A System of Basic Transformati
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10.5 Example: The Elevator Problem
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10.7 On the Fundamental Limitations
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Page 351 and 352: 10.8 Summary 331 are transformation
Page 353 and 354: Chapter 11 SHE Framework Chapter 1
Page 355 and 356: 11.2 SHE Context and Phases 335 Inf
Page 357 and 358: 11.2 SHE Context and Phases 337 a p
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Page 361 and 362: 11.3 SHE Framework 341 the system.
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Page 421 and 422: 12.5 Concluding Remarks 401 Feeder
Page 423 and 424: Chapter 13 Conclusions and Future W
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Page 429 and 430: 13.4 Related Results 409 The notion
Page 431 and 432: Appendix A The POOSL Transition Sys
Page 433 and 434: A.1 The Data Part of POOSL 413 (12)
Page 435 and 436: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 415 A
Page 437 and 438: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 417 (
Page 439 and 440: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 419 (
Page 441 and 442: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 421 i
Page 443 and 444: Appendix B Proofs of Propositions a
Page 445 and 446: Proofs of Propositions and Transfor
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Proofs of Propositions and Transfor
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Proofs of Propositions and Transfor
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Appendix C Glossary of Symbols This
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Glossary of Symbols 437 267 Cp ¥¡
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References [AB90] P. America and F.
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REFERENCES 441 [C [C [C 86] B. Cohe
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REFERENCES 443 [Her90] A.J.H. Herbe
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REFERENCES 445 [MV93] S. Mauw and G
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REFERENCES 447 [vE89] P. van Eijk.
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Index abort, 297 abstract action so
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INDEX 451 strong, 190, 293 subsyste
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INDEX 453 delay, 178 do-statement,
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Summary This combined thesis descri
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Samenvatting Dit gecombineerde proe
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Curricula Vitae Piet van der Putten
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