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450 INDEX system of process and cluster classes, 266 collaborating objects, 96 command, 167 communication, 156 asynchronous, 162, 171 autistic, 181, 190 broadcast, 177 multi-way, 176 multicast, 177 pair-wise, 157 strongly distributed, 190 synchronous, 162 synchronous with reply and waiting, 163, 168 synchronous without reply, 165 weakly distributed, 189 composite, 80, 84 part, 82 separate part, 93 supervised, 96 whole dominated part, 93 composition, 131 concepts, 34 compatibility of, 37 orthogonal, 37 conceptual solution, 57, 121, 338 concurrency, 73, 148, 160 asynchronous, 149 synchronous, 150 concurrent engineering, 128 conditional message reception, 294, 296 configuration, 208, 246, 271 data, 249 process, 272 reset of, 276 stuck, 247, 250 terminal, 247, 250 congruence, 283 partial, 283 context conditions, 245, 269 context level, 130, 198 continuous system, 22 copy deep (see also deepCopy), 72 shallow, 72 data expression, 211 constant, 212 local variable, 212 message-send, 212 data class, 68, 211, 242 definition of, 211, 242, 245 non-primitive, 242 primitive, 70, 242 system of data classes, 245 data expression, 212, 243 composite, 244 constant, 244 extended, 249 instance variable, 212 instance variable, 244 local variable, 244 message-send, 185, 244 new, 212, 244, 250 parameterised, 267 self, 212, 244 data object, 24, 68, 242, 247 identifier of, 247 non-primitive, 242, 247 primitive, 70, 242, 243, 247 state, 213 unknown, 243 data statement, 212, 244 assignment, 212, 244 data expression, 244 do-statement, 212, 244 extended, 249 if-statement, 212, 244 parameterised, 268 sequential composition, 212, 244 decomposition, 131 deepCopy, 252, 274 message, 252 method, 245 delay primitive, 178, 226 derivation sequence, 247, 256 direct naming, 244, 249, 256, 266 discrete system, 22 distribution, 119, 161, 186 logical, 188 module of, 136 physical, 188
INDEX 451 strong, 190, 293 subsystem of, 136 weak, 189, 293 domain, 236 encapsulation, 66, 90, 161 equality, 71 message, 243, 245 equivalence observation, 283, 284 operation, 72 transformation, 283, 285 essence, 123 Essential Behaviour Model, 124 Essential Specification, 124, 335, 337 event, 166 expression initialisation, 219, 269 expression (see data expression), 243 Extended Behaviour Model, 124 Extended Specification, 124, 335, 338 external observation (see observation), 268 finite state machine, 202, 205 formal language, 233 framework, 140, 220 function, 236 complete, 237 partial, 236 generalisation, 64 glass box, 140, 220 grain of concurrency, 292 guard, 265 guideline, 27 heuristic, 27 hierarchy, 99, 130 identifier, 87 identity, 87 implementation, 123 structure, 126 Implementation Decisions Statement, 128, 345 Implementation Structure Model, 124, 125 independence, 92 peer, 93 induction, 237 hypothesis, 238 mathematical, 238 rule, 238 structural, 239 inductive definition, 237 inductive proof, 238 inference rule, 246 axiom, 246 conclusion, 246 condition, 246 premise, 246 inheritance, 26, 65, 194 anomaly, 67 implementation, 66 specification, 66 initial method call, 214, 267 Initial Requirements Description, 335 initialisation expression, 269 inseparability, 94 instance, 30, 62 cluster class, 263, 268, 269 data class, 242 modelling, 73 process class, 263, 268, 269 Instance Structure Diagrams, 74, 160, 305, 364 instance variables, 213 instantiation, 62 interleaving, 271 interrupt, 297 language formal, 18 informal, 18 specification, 18 link, 180 dynamic, 181 dynamic linking, 192 static, 181, 182 static linking, 192 list, 236 Listed Requirements, 344 local variable environment, 248
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Specification of Reactive Hardware/
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to Leny, Inge and our parents
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Contents Acknowledgements v 1 Intro
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CONTENTS ix 4.6.5 Aggregate Semanti
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CONTENTS xi 6 Modelling of Concurre
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CONTENTS xiii 6.6.7.2 System Specif
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CONTENTS xv 11.4.2.3 Requirements C
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List of Figures 1.1 Chapter Overvie
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LIST OF FIGURES xix 6.16 Strongly D
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Objectiv
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1.1 Objectives 3 understood and sti
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1.1 Objectives 5 Informal and Forma
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1.2 Thesis Organisation 7 Chapter 1
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1.2 Thesis Organisation 9 Recommend
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Chapter 2 On Specification of React
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2.3 Specifications, Models and View
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2.4 Specification Languages, Formal
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2.4 Specification Languages, Formal
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2.5 Modelling Concepts 23 entirety.
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2.5 Modelling Concepts 25 Tradition
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2.6 Activity Frameworks for Specifi
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2.6 Activity Frameworks for Specifi
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2.7 Summary 31 offer many guideline
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Chapter 3 Concepts for Analysis, Sp
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3.3 Concepts 35 3. creation of a sy
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3.5 Combining Compatible Concepts 3
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 39 3.
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 41 Th
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 43 ac
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 45 ac
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 47 wa
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 49 Ge
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 51 Re
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3.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
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Chapter 4 Abstraction of a Problem
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4.1 Introduction 57 earlier phase t
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4.2 Objects 59 An object can mean t
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4.2 Objects 61 wonder what other ob
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4.3 Classes 63 A message interface
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4.3 Classes 65 Class B Attributes M
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4.4 Data Objects and Process Object
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4.5 Clusters 79 flows. Clusters ena
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4.6 Aggregates 81 Therefore a compl
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4.6 Aggregates 83 4.6.4 Clustered A
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4.6 Aggregates 85 An old philosophi
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4.7 Identity and Object Identifiers
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4.8 Properties of Composites 89 for
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4.8 Properties of Composites 91 com
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4.8 Properties of Composites 93 Whe
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4.8 Properties of Composites 95 In
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4.9 Channel Hiding 97 Servant A Sup
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4.11 Composites and Hierarchies 99
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4.12 Object Variety 101 Part class
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4.13 Object Class Models 103 Anothe
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4.13 Object Class Models 105 of obj
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4.14 Attributes and Variables 107 c
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4.14 Attributes and Variables 109 4
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4.15 Operations, Services, Methods
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4.15 Operations, Services, Methods
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4.17 Summary 115 Accidental Propert
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Chapter 5 Concepts for the Integrat
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5.2 Architecture 119 Requirements D
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5.3 Design Philosophy 121 this. The
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5.4 Essential Model and Extended Mo
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5.4 Essential Model and Extended Mo
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5.6 Architecture and Implementation
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5.7 Views 129 Management £ £ £ P
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5.7 Views 131 Behaviour Behaviour U
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5.8 Boundaries 133 5.8 Boundaries 5
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5.8 Boundaries 135 x x Object A y z
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5.8 Boundaries 137 x w w x Object A
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5.8 Boundaries 139 In Chapter 10 we
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5.9 Transformations 141 The modific
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5.10 Formalisation 143 Level 1 Leve
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5.11 Summary 145 Behaviour Requirem
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Chapter 6 Modelling of Concurrent R
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6.2 Concurrency and Synchronisation
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6.3 Communication 157 between proce
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6.3 Communication 159 or to transfo
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6.3 Communication 161 6.3.3.4 Messa
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6.3 Communication 163 Synchronous m
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6.3 Communication 165 channel-name
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6.3 Communication 167 can be descri
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6.3 Communication 169 statement aft
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6.3 Communication 171 (normalCourse
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6.3 Communication 173 ∞ client re
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6.3 Communication 175 There is a gr
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6.3 Communication 177 process A pro
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6.3 Communication 179 Clocks An int
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6.3 Communication 181 whether the s
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6.3 Communication 183 6.3.9.4 Model
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6.3 Communication 185 6.3.10.2 Desc
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6.4 Distribution 187 force to take
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6.4 Distribution 189 is that the in
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6.4 Distribution 191 links to each
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6.4 Distribution 193 6.4.6 Distribu
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6.5 Scenarios 195 entities. This su
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6.5 Scenarios 197 startJob readyToA
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6.5 Scenarios 199 collection of tex
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 201 selection
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 203 processes
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 205 even for
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 207 with the
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 209 6.6.4 Sep
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 211 6.6.5 Mod
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 213 to pay at
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 215 A method
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 217 to happen
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 219 c a Multi
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 221 but not t
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6.7 Real-Time Modelling 223 claimed
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6.7 Real-Time Modelling 225 in the
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6.8 Summary 227 They can graphicall
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Chapter 7 Introduction to the Seman
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7.2 A Brief Language Characterisati
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7.3 The Role of Semantics 233 7.3 T
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7.4 Mathematical Preliminaries 235
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7.4 Mathematical Preliminaries 237
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7.5 Concluding Remarks 239 0 ¡ Bin
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Chapter 8 Data Part of POOSL Chapte
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8.3 Formal Syntax 243 runk, and cun
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8.4 Context Conditions 245 Further,
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 247 T
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 249 w
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 251 s
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8.6 Primitive deepCopy Messages 253
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8.6 Primitive deepCopy Messages 255
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8.7 Example: Complex Numbers 257 is
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8.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks
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Chapter 9 Process Part of POOSL Cha
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9.3 Formal Syntax 263 In almost any
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9.3 Formal Syntax 265 The fourth st
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9.3 Formal Syntax 267 call of the f
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9.4 Context Conditions 269 We are n
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9.5 A Computational Interleaving Se
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9.6 Example: A Simple Handshake Pro
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 291 is
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 293 da
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 295 e
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 297 Em
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 299 (o
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9.8 Summary 301 To prepare the deve
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Chapter 10 Behaviour-Preserving Tra
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10.2 Instance Structure Diagrams 30
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10.2 Instance Structure Diagrams 30
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10.3 Some Properties of Transformat
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10.4 A System of Basic Transformati
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10.5 Example: The Elevator Problem
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10.7 On the Fundamental Limitations
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10.7 On the Fundamental Limitations
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10.8 Summary 331 are transformation
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Chapter 11 SHE Framework Chapter 1
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11.2 SHE Context and Phases 335 Inf
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11.2 SHE Context and Phases 337 a p
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11.2 SHE Context and Phases 339 11.
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11.3 SHE Framework 341 the system.
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11.4 Essential Specification Modell
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11.5 Extended Specification Modelli
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Chapter 12 Case Study Chapter 1 Cha
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12.2 Initial Requirements Descripti
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12.3 The Essential Specification 37
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12.4 Towards an Extended Specificat
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Page 429 and 430: 13.4 Related Results 409 The notion
Page 431 and 432: Appendix A The POOSL Transition Sys
Page 433 and 434: A.1 The Data Part of POOSL 413 (12)
Page 435 and 436: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 415 A
Page 437 and 438: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 417 (
Page 439 and 440: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 419 (
Page 441 and 442: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 421 i
Page 443 and 444: Appendix B Proofs of Propositions a
Page 445 and 446: Proofs of Propositions and Transfor
Page 455 and 456: Appendix C Glossary of Symbols This
Page 457 and 458: Glossary of Symbols 437 267 Cp ¥¡
Page 459 and 460: References [AB90] P. America and F.
Page 461 and 462: REFERENCES 441 [C [C [C 86] B. Cohe
Page 463 and 464: REFERENCES 443 [Her90] A.J.H. Herbe
Page 465 and 466: REFERENCES 445 [MV93] S. Mauw and G
Page 467 and 468: REFERENCES 447 [vE89] P. van Eijk.
Page 469: Index abort, 297 abstract action so
Page 473 and 474: INDEX 453 delay, 178 do-statement,
Page 475 and 476: Summary This combined thesis descri
Page 477 and 478: Samenvatting Dit gecombineerde proe
Page 479: Curricula Vitae Piet van der Putten
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