Specification of Reactive Hardware/Software Systems - Electronic ...

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44 Concepts for Analysis, Specification and Design Sender process Single message flow Message with reply flow Continuous flow Interrupt message flow Interrupt with reply flow Buffered message flow Figure 3.8: Message Flow Symbols Receiver process of each individual object and consider the events that can happen, such as sending and receiving various possible messages. Behaviour is determined by the events that happen, and in which order they happen. Based on reception of a message an object changes its state and possibly performs calculations and produces results, replies or commands. System behaviour is modelled by a collection of concurrent process objects. However processes can be specified to wait for a result after sending a message. This way we can perform the whole behaviour of collaborating processes as sequential behaviour. In general, a mix of concurrent and sequential behaviour is performed in a complex system. Humans easily lose the overview on such a system. In practice it is precisely this problem that causes so many design errors in complex systems. There are no complete solutions for this problem. Simulation and automatic verification can help to diminish the number of errors in a design. This is only possible if the behaviour of the objects is formally described. This implies that a computer can perform the execution of the model. The method SHE incorporates the language POOSL which can describe system behaviour as well as system structure. System behaviour can be modelled adequately because POOSL has the power to describe the communication between parallel processes on an abstract level. POOSL offers various powerful mechanisms such as non deterministic choice, interrupt, infinite behaviour, guarded commands, and branching statements such as ’if then else’ statements. Process objects communicate via statically interconnected channels. Figure 3.10 visualises this for the Product Input Handler. Note that the message flow wakeAt(Position,Id)/wakeup(id) from Figure 3.9 represents a message and a reply. So there are two messages in opposite direction on channel wake of Figure 3.10. Notice further that both the message flows productArrived and currentPosition(Position) from Figure 3.9 are mapped on one channel named piti in Figure 3.10. All message flows that we showed in Figures 3.7 and 3.9 are mapped on such channels.
3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 45 accept(PI) Product_ Input_ Handler currentPosition (Position) productArrived productArrived Transporter_ Image move(Speed) Transporter schedule (PIKeeperId, InitialPosition) wakeAt(Position,Id)/ wakeup(Id) encoderPulse free(PIKeeperId) store(PIKeeperId,PI) Service_ Scheduler Product_ Info_ Keeper feed(PIKeeperId,InitialPosition) giveStatus/ notMounted, mounted(Service) wakeAt(Position,Id)/ wakeup(Id) wakeAt(Position,Id)/ wakeup(Id) stop,start serviceRequired (PIKeeperId, Service)/ required, notRequired handOver(PIKeeperId,InitialPosition) Feeding_Unit_ Image mounted, feed notMounted misFed, doubleFed Feeding_ Unit retrieve(PIKeeperId)/take(PI) servicePerformed (PIKeeperId,Service) feedReady (ProductInfoKeeperId, Service) Service_ Administrator Feeder_Controller Product_ Output_ Handler Figure 3.9: Message Flow Diagram of Feeder Station Controller accept(PI)
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Specification of Reactive Hardware/
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to Leny, Inge and our parents
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Contents Acknowledgements v 1 Intro
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CONTENTS ix 4.6.5 Aggregate Semanti
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CONTENTS xi 6 Modelling of Concurre
Page 13 and 14: CONTENTS xiii 6.6.7.2 System Specif
Page 15 and 16: CONTENTS xv 11.4.2.3 Requirements C
Page 17 and 18: List of Figures 1.1 Chapter Overvie
Page 19 and 20: LIST OF FIGURES xix 6.16 Strongly D
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Objectiv
Page 23 and 24: 1.1 Objectives 3 understood and sti
Page 25 and 26: 1.1 Objectives 5 Informal and Forma
Page 27 and 28: 1.2 Thesis Organisation 7 Chapter 1
Page 29 and 30: 1.2 Thesis Organisation 9 Recommend
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 2 On Specification of React
Page 33 and 34: 2.3 Specifications, Models and View
Page 39 and 40: 2.4 Specification Languages, Formal
Page 41 and 42: 2.4 Specification Languages, Formal
Page 43 and 44: 2.5 Modelling Concepts 23 entirety.
Page 45 and 46: 2.5 Modelling Concepts 25 Tradition
Page 47 and 48: 2.6 Activity Frameworks for Specifi
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Page 51 and 52: 2.7 Summary 31 offer many guideline
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 3 Concepts for Analysis, Sp
Page 55 and 56: 3.3 Concepts 35 3. creation of a sy
Page 57 and 58: 3.5 Combining Compatible Concepts 3
Page 59 and 60: 3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 39 3.
Page 61 and 62: 3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 41 Th
Page 63: 3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 43 ac
Page 67 and 68: 3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 47 wa
Page 69 and 70: 3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 49 Ge
Page 71 and 72: 3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 51 Re
Page 73 and 74: 3.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
Page 75 and 76: Chapter 4 Abstraction of a Problem
Page 77 and 78: 4.1 Introduction 57 earlier phase t
Page 79 and 80: 4.2 Objects 59 An object can mean t
Page 81 and 82: 4.2 Objects 61 wonder what other ob
Page 83 and 84: 4.3 Classes 63 A message interface
Page 85 and 86: 4.3 Classes 65 Class B Attributes M
Page 87 and 88: 4.4 Data Objects and Process Object
Page 99 and 100: 4.5 Clusters 79 flows. Clusters ena
Page 101 and 102: 4.6 Aggregates 81 Therefore a compl
Page 103 and 104: 4.6 Aggregates 83 4.6.4 Clustered A
Page 105 and 106: 4.6 Aggregates 85 An old philosophi
Page 107 and 108: 4.7 Identity and Object Identifiers
Page 109 and 110: 4.8 Properties of Composites 89 for
Page 111 and 112: 4.8 Properties of Composites 91 com
Page 113 and 114: 4.8 Properties of Composites 93 Whe
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4.8 Properties of Composites 95 In
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4.9 Channel Hiding 97 Servant A Sup
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4.11 Composites and Hierarchies 99
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4.12 Object Variety 101 Part class
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4.13 Object Class Models 103 Anothe
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4.13 Object Class Models 105 of obj
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4.14 Attributes and Variables 107 c
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4.14 Attributes and Variables 109 4
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4.15 Operations, Services, Methods
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4.15 Operations, Services, Methods
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4.17 Summary 115 Accidental Propert
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Chapter 5 Concepts for the Integrat
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5.2 Architecture 119 Requirements D
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5.3 Design Philosophy 121 this. The
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5.4 Essential Model and Extended Mo
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5.4 Essential Model and Extended Mo
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5.6 Architecture and Implementation
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5.7 Views 129 Management £ £ £ P
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5.7 Views 131 Behaviour Behaviour U
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5.8 Boundaries 133 5.8 Boundaries 5
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5.8 Boundaries 135 x x Object A y z
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5.8 Boundaries 137 x w w x Object A
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5.8 Boundaries 139 In Chapter 10 we
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5.9 Transformations 141 The modific
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5.10 Formalisation 143 Level 1 Leve
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5.11 Summary 145 Behaviour Requirem
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Chapter 6 Modelling of Concurrent R
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6.2 Concurrency and Synchronisation
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6.3 Communication 157 between proce
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6.3 Communication 159 or to transfo
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6.3 Communication 161 6.3.3.4 Messa
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6.3 Communication 163 Synchronous m
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6.3 Communication 165 channel-name
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6.3 Communication 167 can be descri
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6.3 Communication 169 statement aft
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6.3 Communication 171 (normalCourse
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6.3 Communication 173 ∞ client re
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6.3 Communication 175 There is a gr
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6.3 Communication 177 process A pro
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6.3 Communication 179 Clocks An int
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6.3 Communication 181 whether the s
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6.3 Communication 183 6.3.9.4 Model
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6.3 Communication 185 6.3.10.2 Desc
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6.4 Distribution 187 force to take
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6.4 Distribution 189 is that the in
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6.4 Distribution 191 links to each
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6.4 Distribution 193 6.4.6 Distribu
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6.5 Scenarios 195 entities. This su
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6.5 Scenarios 197 startJob readyToA
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6.5 Scenarios 199 collection of tex
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 201 selection
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 203 processes
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 205 even for
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 207 with the
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 209 6.6.4 Sep
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 211 6.6.5 Mod
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 213 to pay at
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 215 A method
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 217 to happen
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 219 c a Multi
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 221 but not t
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6.7 Real-Time Modelling 223 claimed
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6.7 Real-Time Modelling 225 in the
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6.8 Summary 227 They can graphicall
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Chapter 7 Introduction to the Seman
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7.2 A Brief Language Characterisati
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7.3 The Role of Semantics 233 7.3 T
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7.4 Mathematical Preliminaries 235
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7.4 Mathematical Preliminaries 237
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7.5 Concluding Remarks 239 0 ¡ Bin
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Chapter 8 Data Part of POOSL Chapte
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8.3 Formal Syntax 243 runk, and cun
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8.4 Context Conditions 245 Further,
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 247 T
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 249 w
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 251 s
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8.6 Primitive deepCopy Messages 253
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8.6 Primitive deepCopy Messages 255
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8.7 Example: Complex Numbers 257 is
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8.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks
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Chapter 9 Process Part of POOSL Cha
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9.3 Formal Syntax 263 In almost any
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9.3 Formal Syntax 265 The fourth st
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9.3 Formal Syntax 267 call of the f
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9.4 Context Conditions 269 We are n
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9.5 A Computational Interleaving Se
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9.6 Example: A Simple Handshake Pro
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 291 is
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 293 da
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 295 e
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 297 Em
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 299 (o
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9.8 Summary 301 To prepare the deve
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Chapter 10 Behaviour-Preserving Tra
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10.2 Instance Structure Diagrams 30
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10.2 Instance Structure Diagrams 30
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10.3 Some Properties of Transformat
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10.4 A System of Basic Transformati
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10.5 Example: The Elevator Problem
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10.7 On the Fundamental Limitations
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10.7 On the Fundamental Limitations
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10.8 Summary 331 are transformation
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Chapter 11 SHE Framework Chapter 1
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11.2 SHE Context and Phases 335 Inf
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11.2 SHE Context and Phases 337 a p
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11.2 SHE Context and Phases 339 11.
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11.3 SHE Framework 341 the system.
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11.4 Essential Specification Modell
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11.5 Extended Specification Modelli
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Chapter 12 Case Study Chapter 1 Cha
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12.2 Initial Requirements Descripti
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12.3 The Essential Specification 37
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12.4 Towards an Extended Specificat
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12.5 Concluding Remarks 399 i1 DIST
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12.5 Concluding Remarks 401 Feeder
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Chapter 13 Conclusions and Future W
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13.2 P.H.A. van der Putten’s Cont
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13.2 P.H.A. van der Putten’s Cont
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13.4 Related Results 409 The notion
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Appendix A The POOSL Transition Sys
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A.1 The Data Part of POOSL 413 (12)
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A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 415 A
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A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 417 (
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A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 419 (
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A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 421 i
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Appendix B Proofs of Propositions a
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Proofs of Propositions and Transfor
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Appendix C Glossary of Symbols This
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Glossary of Symbols 437 267 Cp ¥¡
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References [AB90] P. America and F.
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REFERENCES 441 [C [C [C 86] B. Cohe
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REFERENCES 443 [Her90] A.J.H. Herbe
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REFERENCES 445 [MV93] S. Mauw and G
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REFERENCES 447 [vE89] P. van Eijk.
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Index abort, 297 abstract action so
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INDEX 451 strong, 190, 293 subsyste
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INDEX 453 delay, 178 do-statement,
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Summary This combined thesis descri
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Samenvatting Dit gecombineerde proe
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Curricula Vitae Piet van der Putten
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