Specification of Reactive Hardware/Software Systems - Electronic ...

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454 INDEX process (see process statement), 264 substitutivity, 283 successful termination, 247, 274 synchronisation, 150, 154 synchronous message passing, 155 pair-wise, 262 synchrony hypothesis, 152 syntactic element, 235 syntactic meta-variable, 235 syntactic substitution function, 276 syntax, 233 Sys-structure, 253 minimal, 254 system analysis, 159 boundary, 98 of data classes, 245 of process and cluster classes, 266 specification, 219, 269 System Dictionary, 345 system specification, 269 tail recursion, 262, 296, 297 template, 62 terminator, 99 top-down modelling, 27 transformation, 140, 233 behaviour-preserving, 30, 141, 233 equivalence, 283, 285 transformational design, 327 fundamental limitation, 329 transition graph, 287 relation, 246 labeled, 271 system, 246 labeled, 271 travelling object, 77, 194, 242 type, 63, 249 function, 249 sub, 64 super, 64 typical element, 235 Unified Model, 128, 344 unsuccessful termination, 247 user, 198 variable, 107, 108 instance, 109, 211, 242, 243, 263, 266 local, 109, 211, 242, 243, 267 variant notation, 237 view, 14, 128 architectural, 17 behavioural, 16 coherent views, 15 conceptual, 17 consistency of views, 14 informal, 19 multidisciplinary, 128, 197, 200 requirement, 15 static, 35 timing, 17 unification of views, 15 visibility, 91 inward, 92 outward, 92 subordinate temporal, 92 whole-part association, 81
Summary This combined thesis describes a system level method for co-specification and design of distributed reactive real-time hardware/software systems. Examples of such systems are tele/data communication networks and switches, industrial control systems, embedded systems and electronic consumer products. Nowadays, the complexity of such systems has grown to such an extent that their development is a risky enterprise. It is difficult to cope with both complexity and high demands on quality, robustness, safety and reliability. Functionality is implemented as a mix of concurrent hardware and software modules that have very complex interactions. It is impossible to design such systems rapidly enough without adequate methods and tools. In addition, there is a lack of adequate system level approaches. Therefore the research field of hardware/software co-specification has been explored. It aims at specification and design on system level. It is complementary to hardware/software co-design, which aims at implementation level hardware/software co-simulation. This thesis introduces the method Software/Hardware Engineering (SHE) incorporating a framework for design activities, and a formal description language called POOSL (Parallel Object-Oriented Specification Language). Starting from informal Object-Oriented analysis and architecture design, SHE produces rigorous behaviour and architecture descriptions. In contrast to informal methods, SHE has the potentials for simulation, formal verification, design structure transformation, and automatic translation for implementation. This thesis focuses on the method base rather than on the method itself. The method is based on: the event/response approach of Structured Analysis and Structured Design methods; the message passing and classification approach of Object-Oriented analysis and design methods; concepts for formal description and proven transformations of system structure; modelling of concurrent processes with various forms of communication; executable dynamic behaviour description based on a language with a formal semantics; a multidisciplinary approach. 455
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Specification of Reactive Hardware/
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to Leny, Inge and our parents
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Contents Acknowledgements v 1 Intro
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CONTENTS ix 4.6.5 Aggregate Semanti
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CONTENTS xi 6 Modelling of Concurre
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CONTENTS xiii 6.6.7.2 System Specif
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CONTENTS xv 11.4.2.3 Requirements C
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List of Figures 1.1 Chapter Overvie
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LIST OF FIGURES xix 6.16 Strongly D
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Objectiv
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1.1 Objectives 3 understood and sti
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1.1 Objectives 5 Informal and Forma
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1.2 Thesis Organisation 7 Chapter 1
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1.2 Thesis Organisation 9 Recommend
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Chapter 2 On Specification of React
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2.3 Specifications, Models and View
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2.4 Specification Languages, Formal
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2.4 Specification Languages, Formal
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2.5 Modelling Concepts 23 entirety.
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2.5 Modelling Concepts 25 Tradition
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2.6 Activity Frameworks for Specifi
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2.6 Activity Frameworks for Specifi
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2.7 Summary 31 offer many guideline
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Chapter 3 Concepts for Analysis, Sp
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3.3 Concepts 35 3. creation of a sy
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3.5 Combining Compatible Concepts 3
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 39 3.
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 41 Th
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 43 ac
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 45 ac
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 47 wa
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 49 Ge
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 51 Re
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3.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
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Chapter 4 Abstraction of a Problem
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4.1 Introduction 57 earlier phase t
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4.2 Objects 59 An object can mean t
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4.2 Objects 61 wonder what other ob
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4.3 Classes 63 A message interface
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4.3 Classes 65 Class B Attributes M
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4.4 Data Objects and Process Object
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4.5 Clusters 79 flows. Clusters ena
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4.6 Aggregates 81 Therefore a compl
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4.6 Aggregates 83 4.6.4 Clustered A
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4.6 Aggregates 85 An old philosophi
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4.7 Identity and Object Identifiers
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4.8 Properties of Composites 89 for
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4.8 Properties of Composites 91 com
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4.8 Properties of Composites 93 Whe
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4.8 Properties of Composites 95 In
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4.9 Channel Hiding 97 Servant A Sup
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4.11 Composites and Hierarchies 99
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4.12 Object Variety 101 Part class
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4.13 Object Class Models 103 Anothe
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4.13 Object Class Models 105 of obj
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4.14 Attributes and Variables 107 c
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4.14 Attributes and Variables 109 4
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4.15 Operations, Services, Methods
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4.15 Operations, Services, Methods
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4.17 Summary 115 Accidental Propert
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Chapter 5 Concepts for the Integrat
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5.2 Architecture 119 Requirements D
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5.3 Design Philosophy 121 this. The
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5.4 Essential Model and Extended Mo
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5.4 Essential Model and Extended Mo
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5.6 Architecture and Implementation
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5.7 Views 129 Management £ £ £ P
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5.7 Views 131 Behaviour Behaviour U
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5.8 Boundaries 133 5.8 Boundaries 5
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5.8 Boundaries 135 x x Object A y z
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5.8 Boundaries 137 x w w x Object A
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5.8 Boundaries 139 In Chapter 10 we
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5.9 Transformations 141 The modific
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5.10 Formalisation 143 Level 1 Leve
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5.11 Summary 145 Behaviour Requirem
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Chapter 6 Modelling of Concurrent R
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6.2 Concurrency and Synchronisation
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6.3 Communication 157 between proce
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6.3 Communication 159 or to transfo
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6.3 Communication 161 6.3.3.4 Messa
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6.3 Communication 163 Synchronous m
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6.3 Communication 165 channel-name
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6.3 Communication 167 can be descri
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6.3 Communication 169 statement aft
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6.3 Communication 171 (normalCourse
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6.3 Communication 173 ∞ client re
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6.3 Communication 175 There is a gr
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6.3 Communication 177 process A pro
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6.3 Communication 179 Clocks An int
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6.3 Communication 181 whether the s
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6.3 Communication 183 6.3.9.4 Model
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6.3 Communication 185 6.3.10.2 Desc
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6.4 Distribution 187 force to take
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6.4 Distribution 189 is that the in
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6.4 Distribution 191 links to each
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6.4 Distribution 193 6.4.6 Distribu
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6.5 Scenarios 195 entities. This su
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6.5 Scenarios 197 startJob readyToA
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6.5 Scenarios 199 collection of tex
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 201 selection
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 203 processes
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 205 even for
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 207 with the
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 209 6.6.4 Sep
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 211 6.6.5 Mod
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 213 to pay at
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 215 A method
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 217 to happen
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 219 c a Multi
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6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 221 but not t
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6.7 Real-Time Modelling 223 claimed
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6.7 Real-Time Modelling 225 in the
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6.8 Summary 227 They can graphicall
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Chapter 7 Introduction to the Seman
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7.2 A Brief Language Characterisati
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7.3 The Role of Semantics 233 7.3 T
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7.4 Mathematical Preliminaries 235
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7.4 Mathematical Preliminaries 237
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7.5 Concluding Remarks 239 0 ¡ Bin
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Chapter 8 Data Part of POOSL Chapte
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8.3 Formal Syntax 243 runk, and cun
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8.4 Context Conditions 245 Further,
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 247 T
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 249 w
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8.5 A Computational Semantics 251 s
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8.6 Primitive deepCopy Messages 253
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8.6 Primitive deepCopy Messages 255
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8.7 Example: Complex Numbers 257 is
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8.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks
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Chapter 9 Process Part of POOSL Cha
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9.3 Formal Syntax 263 In almost any
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9.3 Formal Syntax 265 The fourth st
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9.3 Formal Syntax 267 call of the f
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9.4 Context Conditions 269 We are n
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9.5 A Computational Interleaving Se
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9.6 Example: A Simple Handshake Pro
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 291 is
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 293 da
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 295 e
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 297 Em
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 299 (o
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9.8 Summary 301 To prepare the deve
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Chapter 10 Behaviour-Preserving Tra
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10.2 Instance Structure Diagrams 30
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10.2 Instance Structure Diagrams 30
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10.3 Some Properties of Transformat
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10.4 A System of Basic Transformati
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10.5 Example: The Elevator Problem
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10.7 On the Fundamental Limitations
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10.7 On the Fundamental Limitations
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10.8 Summary 331 are transformation
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Chapter 11 SHE Framework Chapter 1
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11.2 SHE Context and Phases 335 Inf
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11.2 SHE Context and Phases 337 a p
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11.2 SHE Context and Phases 339 11.
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11.3 SHE Framework 341 the system.
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11.4 Essential Specification Modell
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11.5 Extended Specification Modelli
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Chapter 12 Case Study Chapter 1 Cha
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12.2 Initial Requirements Descripti
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12.3 The Essential Specification 37
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12.4 Towards an Extended Specificat
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12.5 Concluding Remarks 399 i1 DIST
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12.5 Concluding Remarks 401 Feeder
Page 423 and 424: Chapter 13 Conclusions and Future W
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Page 429 and 430: 13.4 Related Results 409 The notion
Page 431 and 432: Appendix A The POOSL Transition Sys
Page 433 and 434: A.1 The Data Part of POOSL 413 (12)
Page 435 and 436: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 415 A
Page 437 and 438: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 417 (
Page 439 and 440: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 419 (
Page 441 and 442: A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 421 i
Page 443 and 444: Appendix B Proofs of Propositions a
Page 445 and 446: Proofs of Propositions and Transfor
Page 455 and 456: Appendix C Glossary of Symbols This
Page 457 and 458: Glossary of Symbols 437 267 Cp ¥¡
Page 459 and 460: References [AB90] P. America and F.
Page 461 and 462: REFERENCES 441 [C [C [C 86] B. Cohe
Page 463 and 464: REFERENCES 443 [Her90] A.J.H. Herbe
Page 465 and 466: REFERENCES 445 [MV93] S. Mauw and G
Page 467 and 468: REFERENCES 447 [vE89] P. van Eijk.
Page 469 and 470: Index abort, 297 abstract action so
Page 471 and 472: INDEX 451 strong, 190, 293 subsyste
Page 473: INDEX 453 delay, 178 do-statement,
Page 477 and 478: Samenvatting Dit gecombineerde proe
Page 479: Curricula Vitae Piet van der Putten
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