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246 Data Part of POOSL which have to be satisfied and which cannot be described in BNF. In this section we will informally 2 describe the context conditions with respect to a system Sys of data classes. The conditions are the following: (1) All class names in Sys are different. (2) All instance variable names in a class definition are different. (3) All method names of a class are different. (4) All parameter and local variable names in a method definition are different. (5) Every variable used in a method body is either an instance variable of the corresponding class, a method parameter, or a local method variable. (6) The class referred to by any new expression is contained in Sys. 8.5 A Computational Semantics 8.5.1 Informal Explanation A computational semantics is a special kind of operational semantics and is specified by a transition system together with a semantic function. A transition system is an ordered pair £ Conf where Conf is a set of configurations ¥ 3 £ and where denotes a transition relation, i.e. a binary relation on Conf. In general, a configuration is of the form S¥ I representing that some statement S is to be executed in the context of information I. (£ Transition relation ) describes how this execution takes place. The intuitive meaning of transition £ S¡ ¥ I¡ is that statement S with information I leads to statement S¡ S¥ I I¡ with information in a single computation step (also called transition step). The transition relation is defined by a collection of inference rules (see also Subsection 7.4.5). An inference rule is of the general form S1 ¥ I1 £ I¡ S¡1 ¥¡ ¡ ¡ ¥ 1 ¥ £ S¡ ¥ I¡ I S¥ Sn ¥ In £ S¡n ¥ I¡ n if condition A rule has zero or more premises and one conclusion. A rule tells us how we can deduce a new transition (the conclusion) from the old ones (the premises). A rule may have a condition which has to be fulfilled whenever the rule is to be applied. Rules without premises are called axioms. An axiom tells us what is considered to be a basic transition. Usually, the solid line is omitted when a rule is an axiom. So, an axiom has the general form I £ S¥ 2Context conditions can also be described in a formal way. See for instance the ’static semantics’ of CRL [GP95]. 3Configurations are also called execution states, see Paragraph 6.6.3.6. S¡ ¥ I¡ if condition
8.5 A Computational Semantics 247 The transition relation £ describes the individual steps of an execution. If we apply the relation repeatedly, starting with configuration S1¥ I1 , we obtain sequences of configurations, called derivation sequences, S1¥ I1 ¥ S2 ¥ I2 ¥ S3 ¥ I3 ¥¡ ¡ ¡ such that for all i 1 £ ¥ ¥ 1 Ii Si Si 1 Ii . Some of these sequences will be infinite and others will be finite. The finite sequences are of the form S1¥ I1 ¥ S2 ¥ I2 ¥ S3 ¥ I3 ¥¡ ¡ ¡ ¥ Sk ¥ Ik where configuration Ik Sk is either a terminal or a stuck configuration, i.e., there exists ¥ no configuration such that S¥ I Ik £ S¥ I Sk . A terminal configuration represents ¥ the calculated information obtained by successful termination. A stuck configuration represents an unsuccessful termination. We can now define the semantics of a configuration S1¥ I1 . In this semantics we are only interested in the final results of the succesful execution of S1. Hence, we are not interested in (intermediate) results of non-terminating or stuck derivation sequences. The semantics of S1¥ I1 is then defined by the set V of all terminal configurations of all possible derivation sequences. This is done by defining a semantic function that maps S1 ¥ I1 onto V. In the following two paragraphs we will give an operational semantics of the data part of POOSL. Subsection 8.5.2 will start with a number of definitions. In Subsection 8.5.3 the transition system is being developed. Subsection 8.5.4 defines the semantics of configurations in terms of a semantic function . In Section 8.6 the transition system is extended to deal with the primitive deepCopy messages. Section 8.7 gives an example of the calculation of the semantics of a data expression in POOSL. 8.5.2 Definitions Before we can define our operational semantics we have to give some definitions. We start defining the set NDObj of non-primitive data objects and let ¡ , ¡ ¡ range over NDObj 4 . Non-primitive data objects are represented by ’capped’ integer values. In fact, these ’capped’ integer values are really object identifiers and not the objects themselves. Most of the time, however, we will blur this distinction and call them objects instead. NDObj ££¢ n n ¡£ ¦ Together with the primitive data objects PDObj, this constitutes the set DObj of data objects, with typical elements ¤ , ¡ ¡ , DObj NDObj ¦ PDObj 4 We assume that for all ¥§¦ PDObj and ¨©¦ NDObj : ¥ ¨ .
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Specification of Reactive Hardware/
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to Leny, Inge and our parents
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Contents Acknowledgements v 1 Intro
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CONTENTS ix 4.6.5 Aggregate Semanti
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CONTENTS xi 6 Modelling of Concurre
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CONTENTS xiii 6.6.7.2 System Specif
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CONTENTS xv 11.4.2.3 Requirements C
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List of Figures 1.1 Chapter Overvie
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LIST OF FIGURES xix 6.16 Strongly D
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Objectiv
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1.1 Objectives 3 understood and sti
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1.1 Objectives 5 Informal and Forma
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1.2 Thesis Organisation 7 Chapter 1
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1.2 Thesis Organisation 9 Recommend
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Chapter 2 On Specification of React
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2.3 Specifications, Models and View
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2.4 Specification Languages, Formal
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2.4 Specification Languages, Formal
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2.5 Modelling Concepts 23 entirety.
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2.5 Modelling Concepts 25 Tradition
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2.6 Activity Frameworks for Specifi
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2.6 Activity Frameworks for Specifi
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2.7 Summary 31 offer many guideline
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Chapter 3 Concepts for Analysis, Sp
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3.3 Concepts 35 3. creation of a sy
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3.5 Combining Compatible Concepts 3
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 39 3.
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 41 Th
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 43 ac
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 45 ac
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 47 wa
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 49 Ge
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3.6 Practical Use of Concepts 51 Re
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3.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
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Chapter 4 Abstraction of a Problem
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4.1 Introduction 57 earlier phase t
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4.2 Objects 59 An object can mean t
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4.2 Objects 61 wonder what other ob
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4.3 Classes 63 A message interface
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4.3 Classes 65 Class B Attributes M
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4.4 Data Objects and Process Object
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4.5 Clusters 79 flows. Clusters ena
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4.6 Aggregates 81 Therefore a compl
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4.6 Aggregates 83 4.6.4 Clustered A
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4.6 Aggregates 85 An old philosophi
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4.7 Identity and Object Identifiers
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4.8 Properties of Composites 89 for
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4.8 Properties of Composites 91 com
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4.8 Properties of Composites 93 Whe
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4.8 Properties of Composites 95 In
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4.9 Channel Hiding 97 Servant A Sup
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4.11 Composites and Hierarchies 99
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4.12 Object Variety 101 Part class
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4.13 Object Class Models 103 Anothe
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4.13 Object Class Models 105 of obj
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4.14 Attributes and Variables 107 c
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4.14 Attributes and Variables 109 4
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4.15 Operations, Services, Methods
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4.15 Operations, Services, Methods
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4.17 Summary 115 Accidental Propert
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Chapter 5 Concepts for the Integrat
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5.2 Architecture 119 Requirements D
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5.3 Design Philosophy 121 this. The
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5.4 Essential Model and Extended Mo
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5.4 Essential Model and Extended Mo
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5.6 Architecture and Implementation
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5.7 Views 129 Management £ £ £ P
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5.7 Views 131 Behaviour Behaviour U
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5.8 Boundaries 133 5.8 Boundaries 5
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5.8 Boundaries 135 x x Object A y z
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5.8 Boundaries 137 x w w x Object A
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5.8 Boundaries 139 In Chapter 10 we
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5.9 Transformations 141 The modific
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5.10 Formalisation 143 Level 1 Leve
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5.11 Summary 145 Behaviour Requirem
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Chapter 6 Modelling of Concurrent R
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6.2 Concurrency and Synchronisation
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6.3 Communication 157 between proce
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6.3 Communication 159 or to transfo
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6.3 Communication 161 6.3.3.4 Messa
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6.3 Communication 163 Synchronous m
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6.3 Communication 165 channel-name
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6.3 Communication 167 can be descri
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6.3 Communication 169 statement aft
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6.3 Communication 171 (normalCourse
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6.3 Communication 173 ∞ client re
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6.3 Communication 175 There is a gr
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6.3 Communication 177 process A pro
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6.3 Communication 179 Clocks An int
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6.3 Communication 181 whether the s
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6.3 Communication 183 6.3.9.4 Model
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6.3 Communication 185 6.3.10.2 Desc
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6.4 Distribution 187 force to take
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6.4 Distribution 189 is that the in
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6.4 Distribution 191 links to each
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6.4 Distribution 193 6.4.6 Distribu
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Page 219 and 220: 6.5 Scenarios 199 collection of tex
Page 221 and 222: 6.6 Dynamic Behaviour 201 selection
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Page 251 and 252: 7.2 A Brief Language Characterisati
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Page 255 and 256: 7.4 Mathematical Preliminaries 235
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Page 259 and 260: 7.5 Concluding Remarks 239 0 ¡ Bin
Page 261 and 262: Chapter 8 Data Part of POOSL Chapte
Page 263 and 264: 8.3 Formal Syntax 243 runk, and cun
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Page 281 and 282: Chapter 9 Process Part of POOSL Cha
Page 283 and 284: 9.3 Formal Syntax 263 In almost any
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 297 Em
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9.7 The Development of POOSL 299 (o
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9.8 Summary 301 To prepare the deve
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Chapter 10 Behaviour-Preserving Tra
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10.2 Instance Structure Diagrams 30
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10.2 Instance Structure Diagrams 30
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10.3 Some Properties of Transformat
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10.4 A System of Basic Transformati
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10.5 Example: The Elevator Problem
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10.7 On the Fundamental Limitations
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10.7 On the Fundamental Limitations
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10.8 Summary 331 are transformation
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Chapter 11 SHE Framework Chapter 1
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11.2 SHE Context and Phases 335 Inf
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11.2 SHE Context and Phases 337 a p
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11.2 SHE Context and Phases 339 11.
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11.3 SHE Framework 341 the system.
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11.4 Essential Specification Modell
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11.5 Extended Specification Modelli
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Chapter 12 Case Study Chapter 1 Cha
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12.2 Initial Requirements Descripti
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12.3 The Essential Specification 37
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12.4 Towards an Extended Specificat
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12.5 Concluding Remarks 399 i1 DIST
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12.5 Concluding Remarks 401 Feeder
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Chapter 13 Conclusions and Future W
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13.2 P.H.A. van der Putten’s Cont
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13.2 P.H.A. van der Putten’s Cont
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13.4 Related Results 409 The notion
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Appendix A The POOSL Transition Sys
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A.1 The Data Part of POOSL 413 (12)
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A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 415 A
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A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 417 (
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A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 419 (
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A.2 The Process Part of POOSL 421 i
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Appendix B Proofs of Propositions a
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Proofs of Propositions and Transfor
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Appendix C Glossary of Symbols This
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Glossary of Symbols 437 267 Cp ¥¡
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References [AB90] P. America and F.
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REFERENCES 441 [C [C [C 86] B. Cohe
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REFERENCES 443 [Her90] A.J.H. Herbe
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REFERENCES 445 [MV93] S. Mauw and G
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REFERENCES 447 [vE89] P. van Eijk.
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Index abort, 297 abstract action so
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INDEX 451 strong, 190, 293 subsyste
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INDEX 453 delay, 178 do-statement,
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Summary This combined thesis descri
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Samenvatting Dit gecombineerde proe
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Curricula Vitae Piet van der Putten
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