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Daimler 360 GRAD - FAKTEN zur Nachhaltigkeit 2008 Daimler Nachhaltigkeitsbericht 2008 / Environmental protection, innovation, and safety / Products and product use / Airborne emissions Airborne emissions Besides carbon dioxide and water vapor, automobile exhaust emissions include carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and hydrocarbons (HC). Diesel vehicles have the same emissions plus particulates. Vehicle emissions have a significant impact on air quality, especially in cities with heavy traffic. In recent years, Daimler has significantly reduced the various types of emissions across its entire passengercar range with the help of improved engine designs and highly efficient emission control systems. Since 1995, for example, NOx emissions have been cut by about 70 percent and diesel particulate emissions by more than 95 percent. Over the course of the past decade, the Group has also succeeded in dramatically reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and particulates in its commercial vehicles by improving the control of combustion processes in engines, and by optimizing carburation. The aim now is to apply state-of-the-art technologies to achieve further reductions and thus be able to comply as far in advance as possible with future emission limits in Europe, Asia, and the U.S. Low-emission passenger cars. The EU regulation governing the Euro 5 and 6 emission limits went into effect in July 2007. The Euro 5 standard will become valid for new models on September 1, 2009 and for all commercial vehicles and January 1, 2011, and will have more stringent particulate and NOx limits for new passenger cars and vans. Euro 6, which sets significantly lower limits for NOx emissions from diesel vehicles, will come into force for new models on September 1, 2014 and for all commercial vehicles on September 1, 2015. In order to combine all technical solutions for reducing diesel engine emissions into a sensible package, Daimler is implementing a multi-staged plan that includes the following points: � Optimized engine and combustion processes reduce raw emissions to the greatest extent possible. This includes the use of electronic engine control systems, four-valve technology, third-generation common-rail direct injection with piezo injectors, turbocharging with variable geometry, and exhaust gas recirculation systems. � Oxidizing catalytic converters minimize emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and uncombusted hydrocarbons (HC). � Diesel particulate filters reduce particulate emissions by up to 98 percent. As a result, such emissions are significantly lower than the current Euro 4 particulate limits and already meet the Euro 5 and Euro 6 limits. The currently valid emission standards in the U.S. are also met in combination with the BLUETEC exhaust treatment system. Since the summer of 2005, all Mercedes-Benz diesel passenger cars sold in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and the Netherlands have been equipped with particulate filters as standard. In addition, Mercedes-Benz now offers maintenance-free retrofitting systems for reducing particulate emissions in all A-, C-, and EClass models with four-cylinder diesel engines, and in M-Class models with five-cylinder diesel engines. We also offer retrofitting solutions for nearly all CDI models in cooperation with partners. The new smart fortwo cdi already complies with legal requirements (Euro 4), even without a diesel particulate filter. In addition, the smart fortwo cdi is being equipped with a diesel particulate filter (open system) as standard in Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. Starting in 2008, the fortwo cdi will also be offered with a closed system, whose incorporation into the engine control system basically permits an even higher reduction of particulates in the exhaust than an open particulate filter system.
Daimler 360 GRAD - FAKTEN zur Nachhaltigkeit 2008 Daimler Nachhaltigkeitsbericht 2008 / Environmental protection, innovation, and safety / Products and product use / Airborne emissions Percentage share of Mercedes-Benz and smart diesel passenger cars sold in Europe in 2007 that meet mandatory and planned emissions standards CO in g/km HC NOx in g/km Limit values NOx in g/km Particulates in g/km Percentage share of Mercedes- Benz and smart diesel passenger cars that meet the respective limit values Euro 4 0.50 0.25 0.30 0.025 91 percent Euro 5 1 0.50 0.18 0.23 0.005 9 percent 1 The Euro 5 limits are binding for all new vehicles as of January 1, 2011. At present no vehicle has been registered on the basis of Euro 5. BLUETEC is helping us achieve our goal of making diesels as clean as gasoline engines and thus ready for future emission limits worldwide. In the BLUETEC system, Daimler brings together various technical features for reducing all relevant emission components in diesel passenger cars and commercial vehicles. The system includes optimized combustion engines, an oxidizing catalytic converter, and a diesel particulate filter. It also uses innovative technologies to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions (either an enhanced DeNOx storage catalytic converter with an SCR catalytic converter, or the latter plus injection of an additive known as AdBlue). In October 2006, the world’s first BLUETEC passenger car – the Mercedes-Benz E 320 BlueTEC (with a DeNOx storage catalytic converter and an SCR catalytic converter) – was launched on the North American market. It was followed in December 2007 by the E 300 BlueTEC in Europe. Starting in 2008, three other BLUETEC models will be offered on the U.S. market – in the R-Class, the M-Class, and the GL-Class. All three will initially be available in the U.S. only, where they meet the extremely stringent Bin 5 and ULEV emission standards. Mercedes-Benz is thus the first manufacturer able to offer diesel SUVs in all 50 U.S. states. Beginning in 2010, BLUETEC will also be available as a technology package in combination with a hybrid module, initially in the E 300 BlueTEC HYBRID and the S 400 BlueTEC HYBRID. Low-emission commercial vehicles. Thanks to BLUETEC, Daimler commercial vehicles already comply with the Euro V emission limits that will not go into effect until 2009 for new vehicles. With this technology base, such vehicles are also ready for the next phase of emission legislation – Euro VI. We’re also utilizing the technology to ensure that our commercial vehicles and buses comply with the stringent emission limits that will go into effect in the NAFTA region and Japan (EPA 10 and JP 09, respectively). The foundation for BLUETEC is provided by further optimized engines featuring higher peak pressure and compression ratios that result in cleaner combustion, fewer particulates, and – depending on the engine variant – higher output. Such engines also consume up to 6 percent less fuel than those installed in Euro III vehicles. Once exhaust gases leave the engine, they are brought into contact with AdBlue that is injected from a special tank into the hot exhaust gas flow, where it reacts to form ammonia. The gases are treated in an SCR catalytic converter before they are emitted into the atmosphere. Here, a catalytic reaction transforms nitrogen oxides into harmless nitrogen and water. The AdBlue itself is stored in a separate tank that can be refilled using a normal pump. Around one liter of AdBlue is required for 25 liters of diesel fuel. More than 150,000 commercial vehicles equipped with the AdBlue system have been handed over to customers since series production of BLUETEC technology was launched at the end of 2004. Starting with heavy-duty longdistance trucks, we have gradually expanded our range of BLUETEC 5 vehicles right down to light trucks for short-range distribution.
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