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Chapter 1 22 References 1. Blumberg BS, Sutnick AI, London WT. Australia antigen and hepatitis. JAMA 1969;207:1895-6. 2. Zetterstrom R. Nobel Prize to Baruch Blumberg for the discovery of the aetiology of hepatitis B. Acta Paediatr 2008;97:384-7. 3. Kane A, Lloyd J, Zaffran M, Simonsen L, Kane M. Transmission of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodefi ciency viruses through unsafe injections in the developing world: model-based regional estimates. Bull World Health Organ 1999;77:801-7. 4. WHO. Hepatitis B. Fact sheet Volume No 204: WHO, 2008. 5. Tassopoulos NC, Papaevangelou GJ, Sjogren MH, Roumeliotou-Karayannis A, Gerin JL, Purcell RH. Natural history of acute hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatitis in Greek adults. Gastroenterology 1987;92:1844-50. 6. McMahon BJ, Alward WL, Hall DB, Heyward WL, Bender TR, Francis DP, Maynard JE. Acute hepatitis B virus infection: relation of age to the clinical expression of disease and subsequent development of the carrier state. J Infect Dis 1985;151:599-603. 7. Lok AS. Chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1682-3. 8. Fattovich G, Brollo L, Giustina G, Noventa F, Pontisso P, Alberti A, Realdi G, Ruol A. Natural history and prognostic factors for chronic hepatitis type B. Gut 1991;32:294-8. 9. Lee WM. Hepatitis B virus infection. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1733-45. 10. Lavanchy D. Worldwide epidemiology of HBV infection, disease burden, and vaccine prevention. J Clin Virol 2005;34 Suppl 1:S1-3. 11. Buster EH, van Erpecum KJ, Schalm SW, Zaaijer HL, Brouwer JT, Gelderblom HC, de Knegt RJ, Minke Bakker C, Reesink HW, Janssen HL, Netherlands Association of G, Hepatologists. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection - Dutch national guidelines. Neth J Med 2008;66:292-306. 12. R. Wolter KD, M. Mostert. Na succes ‘China aan de Maas’ volgt nu ‘China aan de Noordzee’. Infectieziekten bulletin. Volume 21, 2010:78-79. 13. van der Veen YJ, de Zwart O, Voeten HA, Mackenbach JP, Richardus JH. Hepatitis B screening in the Turkish-Dutch population in <strong>Rotterdam</strong>, the Netherlands; qualitative assessment of socio-cultural determinants. BMC Public Health 2009;9:328. 14. van Zonneveld M, Honkoop P, Hansen BE, Niesters HG, Murad SD, de Man RA, Schalm SW, Janssen HL. Long-term follow-up of alpha-interferon treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2004;39:804-10. 15. Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, Overby LR, Bradley DW, Houghton M. Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 1989;244:359-62. 16. Conry-Cantilena C, VanRaden M, Gibble J, Melpolder J, Shakil AO, Viladomiu L, Cheung L, DiBisceglie A, Hoofnagle J, Shih JW, et al. Routes of infection, viremia, and liver disease in blood donors found to have hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1691-6.
Introduction 23 17. Ohto H, Terazawa S, Sasaki N, Hino K, Ishiwata C, Kako M, Ujiie N, Endo C, Matsui A, et al. Transmission of hepatitis C virus from mothers to infants. The Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med 1994;330:744-50. 18. Hellard M, Aitken C, Mackintosh A, Ridge A, Bowden S. Investigation of infection control practices and knowledge of hepatitis C among body-piercing practitioners. Am J Infect Control 2003;31:215-20. 19. Sawayama Y, Hayashi J, Kakuda K, Furusyo N, Ariyama I, Kawakami Y, Kinukawa N, Kashiwagi S. Hepatitis C virus infection in institutionalized psychiatric patients: possible role of transmission by razor sharing. Dig Dis Sci 2000;45:351-6. 20. Vandelli C, Renzo F, Romano L, Tisminetzky S, De Palma M, Stroffolini T, Ventura E, Zanetti A. Lack of evidence of sexual transmission of hepatitis C among monogamous couples: results of a 10-year prospective follow-up study. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:855-9. 21. Fattovich G, Giustina G, Degos F, Diodati G, Tremolada F, Nevens F, Almasio P, Solinas A, Brouwer JT, Thomas H, Realdi G, Corrocher R, Schalm SW. Effectiveness of interferon alfa on incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and decompensation in cirrhosis type C. European Concerted Action on Viral Hepatitis (EUROHEP). J Hepatol 1997;27:201-5. 22. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Panel statement: management of hepatitis C. Hepatology 1997;26:2S-10S. 23. WHO. Hepatitis C. Global prevalence (update). Weekly Epidemiological Record, 2000. 24. Veldt BJ, Saracco G, Boyer N, Camma C, Bellobuono A, Hopf U, Castillo I, Weiland O, Nevens F, Hansen BE, Schalm SW. Long term clinical outcome of chronic hepatitis C patients with sustained virological response to interferon monotherapy. Gut 2004;53:1504-8. 25. Harrell FE. Regression Modelling Strategies. Springer, 2002. 26. Steyerberg EW. Clinical Prediction Models. Springer, 2009. 27. Mauryama NT, F. Takeuchi M. Prediction of an outcome using trajectories estimated from a linear mixed model. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics 2009;19:779-790. 28. Morrell CH, Brant LJ, Sheng S. Comparing approaches for predicting prostate cancer from longitudinal data, In Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Alexandria, 2007., American Statistica Association, 2007. 29. Robins JM, Blevins D, Ritter G, Wulfsohn M. G-estimation of the effect of prophylaxis therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on the survival of AIDS patients. Epidemiology 1992;3:319-36. 30. Robins JM, Hernan MA, Brumback B. Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology. Epidemiology 2000;11:550-60. 31. Hernan MA, Brumback B, Robins JM. Marginal structural models to estimate the causal effect of zidovudine on the survival of HIV-positive men. Epidemiology 2000;11:561-70. 32. Neumann AU, Lam NP, Dahari H, Gretch DR, Wiley TE, Layden TJ, Perelson AS. Hepatitis C viral dynamics in vivo and the antiviral effi cacy of interferon-alpha therapy. Science 1998;282:103-7.
Page 1: Statistical Models of Treatment Eff
Page 4 and 5: ISBN: 978-90-8559-069-9 © Bettina
Page 6 and 7: PROMOTIECOMMISSIE Promotor: Prof.dr
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS Chapter 1. Introduction 11
Page 13: Cha pter 1 Introduction
Page 16 and 17: Chapter 1 14 Epidemiology Worldwide
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1 16 Prediction models with
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1 18 standard method fails
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 1 20 The extended non-linea
Page 27: Cha pter 2 Prediction of response t
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 2.1 28 ABSTRACT The aim of
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 2.1 30 been hepatitis B sur
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 2.1 32 HBV DNA decline The
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 2.1 34 Figure 2 continued.
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 2.1 36 Figure 4. Estimated
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 2.1 38 DNA was observed in
Page 42: Chapter 2.1 40 15. Kao JH. Role of
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 2.2 44 ABSTRACT Background:
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 2.2 46 low baseline HBV DNA
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 2.2 48 patient subgroups wa
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 2.2 50 p=0.002). Previous I
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 2.2 52 Application of the m
Page 56 and 57: Chapter 2.2 54 PEG-IFN, the proport
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 2.2 56 References 1. Lavanc
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Page 63 and 64: Chap ter 2.3 Prediction of the resp
Page 65 and 66: INTRODUCTION Dynamic prediction of
Page 67 and 68: Statistical analysis Dynamic predic
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Dynamic prediction of response to P
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References Dynamic prediction of re
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Cha pter 2.4 Dynamic prediction of
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INTRODUCTION Dynamic prediction of
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For the indirect approach we rewrit
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logit pi,j = logit Pr(Ri =1|visit =
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Dynamic prediction of response usin
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Table 1. Results of different stopp
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Chapter 2.5 106 ABSTRACT Peginterfe
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Chapter 2.5 108 and placebo daily.
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Chapter 2.5 110 for patients with a
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Chapter 2.5 112 Mean HBV DNA declin
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Chapter 2.5 114 peginterferon and n
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Chapter 2.5 116 hepatocellular carc
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Chapter 2.5 118 13. Werle-Lapostoll
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Chapter 2.5 120 Greece - G Germanid
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Chap ter 3.1 Long-term clinical out
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INTRODUCTION Glycyrrhizin for IFN-n
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Statistics Glycyrrhizin for IFN-non
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Glycyrrhizin for IFN-non responders
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Table 2. Time dependent Cox regress
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Cha pter 3.2 Discriminant analysis
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Introduction Discriminant analysis
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Discriminant analysis using a MLMM
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Estimation Discriminant analysis us
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where wi,k(y i, θ) = (k =1,...,K).
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Appendix Discriminant analysis usin
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Cha pter 4 Statistical models of ea
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Chapter 4.1 176 ABSTRACT Nucleoside
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Chapter 4.1 178 at day 1 at t =0 an
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Chapter 4.1 180 Table 1. Baseline c
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Chapter 4.1 182 Figure 1.
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Chapter 4.1 184 Figure 1. Viral dec
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Chapter 4.1 186 suppression in seru
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Chapter 4.1 188 13. Seifer M, Hamat
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Cha pter 4.2 Viral dynamics during
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INTRODUCTION Viral dynamics during
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Viral dynamics during tenofovir the
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log HBV DNA (copies/mL) 10.0 9.0 8.
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Chap ter 4.3 Modelling of early vir
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INTRODUCTION HBV viral kinetics dur
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HBV viral kinetics during PEG-IFN 2
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Summary and
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Summary and conclusion 233 The mode
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Summary and conclusion 235 The infe
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Summary and conclusion 237 Early st
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SAMENVATTING EN CONCLUSIE Samenvatt
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Samenvatting en conclusie 243 Er we
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Samenvatting en conclusie 245 Data
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Samenvatting en conclusie 247 Behan
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Dan kwoord
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Dankwoord 254 Lieve Marion en Margr
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BIBLI OGRAPHY Bibliography 257 1. K
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Bibliography 259 Interferon-ribavir
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Bibliography 261 Long term clinical
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Bibliography 263 Flares in chronic
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Bibliography 265 Genetic characteri
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Bibliography 267 106. Reijnders JG,
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