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Factors that predict response to PEG-IFN 59 and the pre-core region of hepatitis B virus genome: correlation with viral persistence and disease severity. J Hepatol 2000;33:430-9. 39. Lin SM, Yu ML, Lee CM, Chien RN, Sheen IS, Chu CM, Liaw YF. Interferon therapy in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis reduces progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2007;46:45-52. 40. Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J, Jen CL, You SL, Lu SN, Huang GT, Iloeje UH. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA 2006;295:65-73. 41. Iloeje UH, Yang HI, Su J, Jen CL, You SL, Chen CJ. Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load. Gastroenterology 2006;130:678-86. 42. Marcellin P, Piratvisuth T, Brunetto MR, Bonino F, Lau GK, Farci P, Yurdaydin C, Wu J, Popescu M. Virological and biochemical response in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B treated with peginterferon alfa-2a (40kD) with or without lamivudine: results of 4-year follow-up. J Hepatol 2008;48:S46. Acknowledgment We thank Dr. Richard Batrla (Roche, Basel, Switzerland), Dr. Philip McCloud (Roche, Dee Why, Australia), Peter Button (Roche, Dee Why, Australia) and Schering-Plough International (Kenilworth, NJ, USA) for supporting this study. In addition, we thank all investigators of the Peginterferon Alfa-2a HBeAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B Study Group and the HBV99-01 Study Group. 10, 11