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Chapter 2.2 56 References 1. Lavanchy D. Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures. J Viral Hepat 2004;11:97-107. 2. Lok AS, Lai CL, Wu PC, Leung EK, Lam TS. Spontaneous hepatitis B e antigen to antibody seroconversion and reversion in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Gastroenterology 1987;92:1839-43. 3. Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2007;45:507-539. 4. Liaw YF, Sung JJ, Chow WC, Farrell G, Lee CZ, Yuen H, Tanwandee T, Tao QM, Shue K, Keene ON, Dixon JS, Gray DF, Sabbat J. Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1521-31. 5. van Zonneveld M, Honkoop P, Hansen BE, Niesters HG, Murad SD, de Man RA, Schalm SW, Janssen HL. Long-term follow-up of alpha-interferon treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2004;39:804-10. 6. Buster EH, Flink HJ, Cakaloglu Y, Simon K, Trojan J, Tabak F, So TM, Feinman SV, Mach T, Akarca US, Schutten M, Tielemans W, van Vuuren AJ, Hansen BE, Janssen HL. Sustained HBeAg and HBsAg loss after long-term follow-up of HBeAg positive patients treated with peginterferon alpha-2b. Gastroenterology 2008;135:459-467. 7. Lau DT, Everhart J, Kleiner DE, Park Y, Vergalla J, Schmid P, Hoofnagle JH. Long-term follow-up of patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with interferon alfa. Gastroenterology 1997;113:1660-7. 8. Lin SM, Sheen IS, Chien RN, Chu CM, Liaw YF. Long-term benefi cial effect of interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 1999;29:971-5. 9. Chang TT, Gish RG, de Man R, Gadano A, Sollano J, Chao YC, Lok AS, Han KH, Goodman Z, Zhu J, Cross A, DeHertogh D, Wilber R, Colonno R, Apelian D. A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1001-10. 10. Janssen HL, van Zonneveld M, Senturk H, Zeuzem S, Akarca US, Cakaloglu Y, Simon C, So TM, Gerken G, de Man RA, Niesters HG, Zondervan P, Hansen B, Schalm SW. Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: a randomised trial. Lancet 2005;365:123-9. 11. Lau GK, Piratvisuth T, Luo KX, Marcellin P, Thongsawat S, Cooksley G, Gane E, Fried MW, Chow WC, Paik SW, Chang WY, Berg T, Flisiak R, McCloud P, Pluck N. Peginterferon Alfa-2a, lamivudine, and the combination for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2682-95. 12. Marcellin P, Chang TT, Lim SG, Tong MJ, Sievert W, Shiffman ML, Jeffers L, Goodman Z, Wulfsohn MS, Xiong S, Fry J, Brosgart CL. Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2003;348:808-16. 13. Carreno V, Castillo I, Molina J, Porres JC, Bartolome J. Long-term follow-up of hepatitis B chronic carriers who responded to interferon therapy. J Hepatol 1992;15:102-6.
Factors that predict response to PEG-IFN 57 14. Fattovich G, Giustina G, Realdi G, Corrocher R, Schalm SW. Long-term outcome of hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients with compensated cirrhosis treated with interferon alfa. European Concerted Action on Viral Hepatitis (EUROHEP). Hepatology 1997;26:1338-42. 15. Korenman J, Baker B, Waggoner J, Everhart JE, Di Bisceglie AM, Hoofnagle JH. Longterm remission of chronic hepatitis B after alpha-interferon therapy. Ann Intern Med 1991;114:629-34. 16. Krogsgaard K. The long-term effect of treatment with interferon-alpha 2a in chronic hepatitis B. The Long-Term Follow-up Investigator Group. The European Study Group on Viral Hepatitis (EUROHEP). Executive Team on Anti-Viral Treatment. J Viral Hepat 1998;5:389-97. 17. Lok AS, Chung HT, Liu VW, Ma OC. Long-term follow-up of chronic hepatitis B patients treated with interferon alfa. Gastroenterology 1993;105:1833-8. 18. Niederau C, Heintges T, Lange S, Goldmann G, Niederau CM, Mohr L, Haussinger D. Longterm follow-up of HBeAg-positive patients treated with interferon alfa for chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1422-7. 19. van Zonneveld M, Flink HJ, Verhey E, Senturk H, Zeuzem S, Akarca US, Cakaloglu Y, Simon C, So TM, Gerken G, de Man RA, Hansen BE, Schalm SW, Janssen HL. The safety of pegylated interferon alpha-2b in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: predictive factors for dose reduction and treatment discontinuation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;21:1163-71. 20. van Nunen AB, Hansen BE, Suh DJ, Lohr HF, Chemello L, Fontaine H, Heathcote J, Song BC, Janssen HL, de Man RA, Schalm SW. Durability of HBeAg seroconversion following antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B: relation to type of therapy and pretreatment serum hepatitis B virus DNA and alanine aminotransferase. Gut 2003;52:420-4. 21. Leung NW, Lai CL, Chang TT, Guan R, Lee CM, Ng KY, Lim SG, Wu PC, Dent JC, Edmundson S, Condreay LD, Chien RN. Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates: results after 3 years of therapy. Hepatology 2001;33:1527-32. 22. Chang TT, Lai CL, Chien RN, Guan R, Lim SG, Lee CM, Ng KY, Nicholls GJ, Dent JC, Leung NW. Four years of lamivudine treatment in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;19:1276-82. 23. Colonno RJ, Rose R, Baldick CJ, Levine S, Pokornowski K, Yu CF, Walsh A, Fang J, Hsu M, Mazzucco C, Eggers B, Zhang S, Plym M, Klesczewski K, Tenney DJ. Entecavir resistance is rare in nucleoside naive patients with hepatitis B. Hepatology 2006;44:1656-65. 24. Hadziyannis SJ, Tassopoulos NC, Heathcote EJ, Chang TT, Kitis G, Rizzetto M, Marcellin P, Lim SG, Goodman Z, Ma J, Brosgart CL, Borroto-Esoda K, Arterburn S, Chuck SL. Longterm Therapy With Adefovir Dipivoxil for HBeAg-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B for up to 5 Years. Gastroenterology 2006;131:1743-51. 25. Cooksley G, Lau GKK, Liaw YF, Marcellin P, Chow WC, Thongsawat S, Gane E, Fried MW, Zahm FE. Effects of genotype and other baseline factors on response to peginterferon alfa-2a (40 kDa) (Pegasys®) in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: results from a large, randomised study. J Hepatol 2005;42:S30.
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Statistical Models of Treatment Eff
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ISBN: 978-90-8559-069-9 © Bettina
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PROMOTIECOMMISSIE Promotor: Prof.dr
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS Chapter 1. Introduction 11
Page 13: Cha pter 1 Introduction
Page 16 and 17: Chapter 1 14 Epidemiology Worldwide
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1 16 Prediction models with
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1 18 standard method fails
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 1 20 The extended non-linea
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 1 22 References 1. Blumberg
Page 27: Cha pter 2 Prediction of response t
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 2.1 28 ABSTRACT The aim of
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 2.1 30 been hepatitis B sur
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 2.1 32 HBV DNA decline The
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 2.1 34 Figure 2 continued.
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 2.1 36 Figure 4. Estimated
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 2.1 38 DNA was observed in
Page 42: Chapter 2.1 40 15. Kao JH. Role of
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 2.2 44 ABSTRACT Background:
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 2.2 46 low baseline HBV DNA
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 2.2 48 patient subgroups wa
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 2.2 50 p=0.002). Previous I
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 2.2 52 Application of the m
Page 56 and 57: Chapter 2.2 54 PEG-IFN, the proport
Page 60 and 61: Chapter 2.2 58 26. Bonino F, Lau GK
Page 63 and 64: Chap ter 2.3 Prediction of the resp
Page 65 and 66: INTRODUCTION Dynamic prediction of
Page 67 and 68: Statistical analysis Dynamic predic
Page 69 and 70: Dynamic prediction of response to P
Page 77 and 78: References Dynamic prediction of re
Page 81 and 82: Cha pter 2.4 Dynamic prediction of
Page 83 and 84: INTRODUCTION Dynamic prediction of
Page 85 and 86: For the indirect approach we rewrit
Page 87 and 88: logit pi,j = logit Pr(Ri =1|visit =
Page 89 and 90: Dynamic prediction of response usin
Page 101 and 102: Table 1. Results of different stopp
Page 105: Dynamic prediction of response usin
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Chapter 2.5 106 ABSTRACT Peginterfe
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Chapter 2.5 108 and placebo daily.
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Chapter 2.5 110 for patients with a
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Chapter 2.5 112 Mean HBV DNA declin
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Chapter 2.5 114 peginterferon and n
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Chapter 2.5 116 hepatocellular carc
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Chapter 2.5 118 13. Werle-Lapostoll
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Chapter 2.5 120 Greece - G Germanid
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Chap ter 3.1 Long-term clinical out
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INTRODUCTION Glycyrrhizin for IFN-n
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Statistics Glycyrrhizin for IFN-non
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Glycyrrhizin for IFN-non responders
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Table 2. Time dependent Cox regress
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Cha pter 3.2 Discriminant analysis
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Introduction Discriminant analysis
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Discriminant analysis using a MLMM
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Estimation Discriminant analysis us
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where wi,k(y i, θ) = (k =1,...,K).
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Appendix Discriminant analysis usin
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Cha pter 4 Statistical models of ea
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Chapter 4.1 176 ABSTRACT Nucleoside
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Chapter 4.1 178 at day 1 at t =0 an
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Chapter 4.1 180 Table 1. Baseline c
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Chapter 4.1 182 Figure 1.
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Chapter 4.1 184 Figure 1. Viral dec
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Chapter 4.1 186 suppression in seru
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Chapter 4.1 188 13. Seifer M, Hamat
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Cha pter 4.2 Viral dynamics during
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INTRODUCTION Viral dynamics during
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Viral dynamics during tenofovir the
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log HBV DNA (copies/mL) 10.0 9.0 8.
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Chap ter 4.3 Modelling of early vir
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INTRODUCTION HBV viral kinetics dur
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HBV viral kinetics during PEG-IFN 2
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Summary and
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Summary and conclusion 233 The mode
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Summary and conclusion 235 The infe
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Summary and conclusion 237 Early st
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SAMENVATTING EN CONCLUSIE Samenvatt
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Samenvatting en conclusie 243 Er we
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Samenvatting en conclusie 245 Data
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Samenvatting en conclusie 247 Behan
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Dan kwoord
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Dankwoord 254 Lieve Marion en Margr
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BIBLI OGRAPHY Bibliography 257 1. K
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Bibliography 259 Interferon-ribavir
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Bibliography 261 Long term clinical
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Bibliography 263 Flares in chronic
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Bibliography 265 Genetic characteri
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Bibliography 267 106. Reijnders JG,
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