(PESIA) Weg naar Zee 2D Seismic - Staatsolie

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P-all consultants Staatsolie Maatschappij Suriname N.V. PESIA Weg naar Zee 2D Seismic 2012 3.4 PROJECT PHASES The project includes 3 phases • Preparation phase o mobilization o access to the 2D seismic sites o clearing sites o transportation of equipment • operation phase o execution 2D seismic • decommissioning phase o removal of equipment o soil clean-up, if needed 3.4.1 PREPARATION/CONSTRUCTION PHASE To prepare the area for 2D seismic activities the following infrastructural activities will be undertaken: • Bush clearing for transportation trails by swamp excavators in the swamp areas and in dry areas by land excavators and other land based equipment. Transportation trails will be approximately two meters wide. Data acquisition trails (the path of the planned seismic line locations) will be narrower, approximately 1 meter wide and opened by machetes. • Staatsolie will use existing trails and dams as much as possible. Staatsolie already has an extensive trail network in the area. Also the farmers in the eastern part of the study area have small sand and clay dams in their fields. 3.4.2 OPERATION PHASE: 2D SEISMIC ACTIVITIES 2D seismic is a technique for mapping rock layers underneath the ground. Use of this technique provides geoscientists an insight in the structure of the subsurface layers. In petroleum exploration an accurate knowledge of the rock layers is critical for successful exploration. The technique gives a two-dimensional picture of the structure of layers of sedimentary rock at depth by generating an elastic shock wave at the surface, analogous to a sound wave in fluids, and recording reflections from the rock layers by means of a linear array of receivers. The reflections are the result of differences in the acoustic impedance of rock layers (see figure). The time it takes for a shock wave to travel from the source to the reflective layer and back up to the receiver gives interpreters an idea of the depth of the reflective layer. A common source for creating waves is by using explosives. 26
P-all consultants Staatsolie Maatschappij Suriname N.V. PESIA Weg naar Zee 2D Seismic 2012 In this survey the source will be placed in the centre of the receiver array. The shot points (source locations) will be set 10, 220, 0, 30 or 40 meters apart. The final distance will be determined after field testing. At each shot point a shot hole will be drilled to a depth of 6 to 10 meters. These shot holes will be loaded with the explosives and closed off. Source and receiver locations ons are measured by surveyors. It is essential for the data processing to exactly know these locations. The data acquisition is carried out by detonating the explosives in the shot holes, one shot hole at a time. The energy reflections from the subsurface and the time from shot detonation are then measured by the receivers. The different phases of the fieldwork are illustrated in the following pictures. 27
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(PESIA) Weg naar Zee 2D Seismic - Staatsolie

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