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October, the French controlled Switzerland as they did before the campaign. 158 The Austrian commissariat also contributed to the ultimate debacle, especially in the delay at Taverne. The sixteen days campaigning had a heavy toll on the Russian army. Suvorov’s troops lost over 5,200 men, including 1,600 killed and over 3,500 wounded; the infantry suffered 28,4% losses. 159 The real heroes of the campaign were the Russian soldiers, who fought their way through the mountains, surrounded by the enemy and in terrible weather. No one before had ever crossed through the Alps in wintertime so rapidly and in such conditions. The campaign in Switzerland was considered, and is still regarded, by the Russians as the crowning glory of Suvorov’s career in spite of its ultimate failure. 160 Emperor Paul conferred on Suvorov the title of generalissimo 161 and ordered construction of a monument to the general that was completed in 1801. 162 The campaign contributed to the rise of many generals, including Peter Bagration. Of all the Russian generals who served, Prince Peter was Suvorov’s closest confidant. During the campaign, Bagration distinguished himself as a skillful tactician and resourceful commander of advance and rear guards. Major General at thirty-five, he played a significant role on many occasions during both the Italian and 158 Miliutin, Campaign of 1799 IV, 180-81. 159 Regimental reports, 12 October 1799, in Miliutin, Campaign of 1799 IV, 162, 330-37; Suvorov’s Atlas, 58; Miliutin also had detailed numbers for Bagration’ troops: On 12 September 1799 On 12 October 1799 Unit Officers Rank&File Officers Rank&File Bagration Jager Regiment 22 484 17 300 Miller Jager Regiment 24 472 16 275 Lomonosov Grenadier Battalion 8 322 4 170 Dendrygin Grenadier Battalion 10 329 6 274 Kalemin Grenadier Battalion 12 385 8 194 Sanaev Grenadier Battalion 9 317 8 143 Total 85 2,309 59 1356 160 A monument in the shape of Greek cross, some 36 feet high, was cut in a cliff overlooking the Devil’s Bridge to commemorate the Russian campaign in the Alps. 161 Paul to Suvorov, 9 November 1799, in Miliutin, Campaign of 1799 IV, 167, 339. 177
Swiss Campaigns. Suvorov praised him for “demonstrating courageous character and most praiseworthy behavior in all of the actions of the campaign.” 163 At St. Gothard Pass, his flanking maneuver dislodged the stubborn Frenchmen and cleared the route for the Russian army. Bagration was first to cross Chinzig Pass and arrived to Muotatal Valley. At Netstal and Nafels, his advance guard fought its way through the French positions and ensured the safe withdrawal of the main forces. On the way to Panixer Pass, Bagration fought desperate rear guard actions at Sool and protected the army. He was the first to reach Switzerland and last to leave it. This campaign surrounded Bagration with an aureole of greatness that followed him for the rest of his life. A contemporary recalled, “Bagration returned in brilliance of glory and glitter of rewards.” 164 162 Miliutin, Campaign of 1799 IV, 167-68 163 Suvorov to Paul, 14 October 1799, A.V. Suvorov: Documents, IV, 359. 164 Yermolov, Memoirs, 153. 178
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FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation
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the Russian archives. Robert Goetz
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures.
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Prince Pet
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30. Combat on the Northern Flank, f
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FOREWARD I faced several difficulti
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ABSTRACT This study explores the li
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participants of the 1812 Campaign.
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with a strong emphasis on the 1812
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Figure 1. Prince Peter Bagration in
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suppressed the main line of Bagrati
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Meantime, the Turks invaded Eastern
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another letter to Catherine asking
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Bagration’s enlistment in army is
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According to the record of Service,
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As he returned from the campaign, B
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not have hoped for a great career.
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more interested in Prussian and Aus
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The French mobilized up to 388,441
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General Suvorov joined the troops o
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campaigns they both served and kind
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expected to join the main forces. 3
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Map 1. Allied Movement from Mincio
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special decree recognizing the effo
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total, the French had some 28,000 m
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shouting, ‘Soldiers of Ismail, ar
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Bagration’s actions at Lecco. 78
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Map 3. Actions at Vaprio and Cassan
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and urged the destruction of the Fr
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was to occupy the fortress, if poss
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an ineffective handling of reconnai
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the Scrivia. He also moved Molchano
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eceived reinforcements and felt so
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order arrived. Suvorov wrote, “I
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Piedmont threatened the French supp
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eported that “Molchanov surrounde
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Although battle at Marengo was not
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This period showed a major weakness
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384 cannon, 20,000 muskets and vast
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At the same time, Bagration occupie
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Figure 3. Bagration as the advance
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general turns individually to the H
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from France to the Riviera. 14 Inte
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Suvorov was determined to leave a s
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The Allies first crossed the Bormid
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Map 6. Campaign of the Tidone and T
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Map 7. First Day of Trebbia, 18 Jun
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across the Tidone and then turned n
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Map 7. First Day of Trebbia Campaig
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ordered to arrange divisions of the
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Bagration also described Suvorov’
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at Rivalta and made flanking maneuv
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Although Suvorov later reported tha
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French did not gain a step of groun
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Vasilievich arrived, [bringing] a b
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By 6:00 p.m., the Allies regained t
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Map 6. Campaign on the Tidone and T
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The battle on the Trebbia was one o
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CHAPTER IV Against Joubert Battle o
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withdrawn his forces to Novi, reinf
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Kray in besieging Mantua and Suvoro
Page 125 and 126:
lines. 33 Meantime, Suvorov, despit
Page 127 and 128:
protected one of the valleys that l
Page 129 and 130:
a brief clash with the French. 49 S
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Map 9. Siege of Serravalle 1 - Line
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upper Orba and Scrivia. 67 Joubert
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Map 10. Joubert’s Offensive 114
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Map 11. Massing of Forces at Novi 1
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Kray silently approached the French
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However, Suvorov’s actions also i
Page 143 and 144:
Novi, but then reached the stonewal
Page 145 and 146:
counterattack and recaptured it. 10
Page 147 and 148: Map 12. Battle at Novi, 15 August 1
Page 149 and 150: The next morning, Suvorov intended
Page 151 and 152: Novi was a major victory for Prince
Page 153 and 154: effectively removed the Russians fr
Page 155 and 156: The major flaw of this plan lay in
Page 157 and 158: I kept my word and arrived here on
Page 159 and 160: Map 13. Suvorov’s Assault on the
Page 161 and 162: to allow the flanking columns to le
Page 163 and 164: killed and wounded 45 Bagration rep
Page 165 and 166: Map 14. From the St. Gothard to Ams
Page 167 and 168: the Reuss River, a remarkable feat
Page 169 and 170: local commanders about Suvorov’s
Page 171 and 172: Furious over what he regarded as Au
Page 173 and 174: etreated toward Germany, leaving be
Page 175 and 176: the bravery and self-sacrifice of m
Page 177 and 178: General Auffenberg’s troops (2,00
Page 179 and 180: In a fierce engagement, Bagration p
Page 181 and 182: movement and moved the Bagration J
Page 183 and 184: Early afternoon on 1 October Bagrat
Page 185 and 186: French. 117 But the main assault on
Page 187 and 188: The main Russian forces assembled a
Page 189 and 190: the battlefield. Prince Peter order
Page 191 and 192: etreated and lost three guns to Mol
Page 193 and 194: Map 19. Passage of the Panixer Pass
Page 195 and 196: the council of war of 18 October, h
Page 197: In early November, the Russian army
Page 201 and 202: CHAPTER VI Life in St. Petersburg a
Page 203 and 204: [Suvorov] very weak… he lapsed in
Page 205 and 206: launch three new ships at the Admir
Page 207 and 208: Tsarskoe Selo, which reminded him o
Page 209 and 210: occasion chastised him for neglecti
Page 211 and 212: had dark; she was beautiful like an
Page 213 and 214: Figure 6. “Pink Pavilion” - Bag
Page 215 and 216: Bagration’s wife: Princess Ekater
Page 217 and 218: saw Catherine’s daughter, who car
Page 219 and 220: Isabey painted her rose-crowned and
Page 221 and 222: Alexander was very apprehensive for
Page 223 and 224: CHAPTER VII “Five Against Thirty
Page 225 and 226: alleged participation in the assass
Page 227 and 228: Hanover, and another 20,000 men und
Page 229 and 230: the column and attached the infirma
Page 231 and 232: obstacles we confront, we shall ove
Page 233 and 234: Bagration was at Wischau; the next
Page 235 and 236: To Kutuzov’s surprise, he soon re
Page 237 and 238: Map 22. Ulm Campaign, 6 October 180
Page 239 and 240: de Dieu Soult, Louis-Nicolas Davout
Page 241 and 242: marched under cold rain and snow. B
Page 243 and 244: Napoleon commanded 150,000 men agai
Page 245 and 246: Map 23. Pursuit to Vienna, 26 Octob
Page 247 and 248: tenacity and were saved by the time
Page 249 and 250:
Miloradovich in case the French thr
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watching for an unlikely appearance
Page 253 and 254:
Napoleon arrived at the front on 11
Page 255 and 256:
prepare for another march. Bagratio
Page 257 and 258:
Kutuzov were furious at Nostitz’s
Page 259 and 260:
Once within sight of Schöngrabern,
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Napoleon received the word of the a
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against Major General Selikhov’s
Page 265 and 266:
Bagration’s detachment made a gre
Page 267 and 268:
The news of Bagration’s escape ca
Page 269 and 270:
While Bagration fought at Schograbe
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his columns and reinforced Bagratio
Page 273 and 274:
execution. To preserve the main bod
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deployed some 30,000 men of Murat
Page 277 and 278:
However, Alexander and Francis disr
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Map 27. Allied Advance from Olmutz
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27 November at Proedlitz. The next
Page 283 and 284:
However, Bagration found his forces
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advance in complete ignorance of th
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. Map 28. Battle of Austerlitz, 2 D
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men to the battlefield. These troop
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ordinary battle. I prefer to abando
Page 293 and 294:
Map 28. Battle of Austerlitz, 2 Dec
Page 295 and 296:
Map 29. Napoleon’s and Allied Pla
Page 297 and 298:
forces, which were supposed to coop
Page 299 and 300:
holding the French was on the right
Page 301 and 302:
on the north side of the road with
Page 303 and 304:
Map 30. Combat on the Northern Flan
Page 305 and 306:
tide of success. 120 The Russian ca
Page 307 and 308:
6 th Jagers at Holubitz before disl
Page 309 and 310:
finally secured Holubitz and Kruh a
Page 311 and 312:
Map 28. Battle of Austerlitz, 2 Dec
Page 313 and 314:
Czeitsch and then abandoned the tow
Page 315 and 316:
Austerlitz was a masterpiece of Nap
Page 317 and 318:
cavalry was also badly mauled, loos
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idolized a character. He was dresse
Page 321 and 322:
over Alexander. 191 Bagration’s a
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Guard Jager Battalion and began pre
Page 325 and 326:
CHAPTER IX In the Blizzards of Pola
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etreating northward, Napoleon was a
Page 329 and 330:
The Russian army advanced on 6 Janu
Page 331 and 332:
By this time, Marshal Michel Ney ad
Page 333 and 334:
January. 27 Next day, he reached Li
Page 335 and 336:
Meantime, the Russian headquarters
Page 337 and 338:
the main forces. 47 These actions,
Page 339 and 340:
Map 34. Region Between Deutsch Eyla
Page 341 and 342:
Napoleon was delighted by the news
Page 343 and 344:
organization of the retreat. Yermol
Page 345 and 346:
forces in pursuit of the Russians.
Page 347 and 348:
Murat made another series of attack
Page 349 and 350:
Simultaneously, the French corps we
Page 351 and 352:
In the evening of 6 February, Benni
Page 353 and 354:
One of the participants left a vivi
Page 355 and 356:
About one mile in front of Eylau, B
Page 357 and 358:
However, the initial attack in the
Page 359 and 360:
Many French officers, including Gen
Page 361 and 362:
he could not defend his positions a
Page 363 and 364:
still managed to capture eagle of t
Page 365 and 366:
Map 38. Battle of Eylau, 8 February
Page 367 and 368:
Baptiste Milhaud covered both Frenc
Page 369 and 370:
cannon or musket fire neither in th
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
Serpallen. 192 The French would hav
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
where he placed strong batteries to
Page 379 and 380:
In addition, thousands of the soldi
Page 381 and 382:
Gross Lauth and approached village
Page 383 and 384:
under command of Ataman Platov. 237
Page 385 and 386:
eloved be everyone and admired by a
Page 387 and 388:
Map 39. Friedland Campaign, 15 Marc
Page 389 and 390:
advance guards on the Lower Passarg
Page 391 and 392:
In April, strong reinforcements joi
Page 393 and 394:
to attack Soult’s corps and preve
Page 395 and 396:
At around 3:00 a.m. on 5 June, Bagr
Page 397 and 398:
from the woods on the left flank. B
Page 399 and 400:
Ney reconnoitered Bagration’s pos
Page 401 and 402:
Ney made several stands on his marc
Page 403 and 404:
As he made his stand on the banks o
Page 405 and 406:
the failure of the maneuver at Gutt
Page 407 and 408:
etreated without engaging. The Fren
Page 409 and 410:
The Cossacks attacked but in a sava
Page 411 and 412:
The Cossacks under Major General Pa
Page 413 and 414:
moved by forced marches to Heilsber
Page 415 and 416:
Bennigsen was unaware of the direct
Page 417 and 418:
Map 43. Battle of Heilsberg, 10 Jun
Page 419 and 420:
foot before receiving a horse from
Page 421 and 422:
which friends and foes had during t
Page 423 and 424:
Map 44. Friedland Campaign, 10-13 J
Page 425 and 426:
Napoleon’s army as it marched to
Page 427 and 428:
idges were constructed and addition
Page 429 and 430:
Late in night on 13 June, Marshal L
Page 431 and 432:
illusion of the arriving reinforcem
Page 433 and 434:
Mortier’s corps also arrived on t
Page 435 and 436:
withdrew his exhausted jagers allow
Page 437 and 438:
The advancing French came under mur
Page 439 and 440:
Map 45. Battle of Friedland, 14 Jun
Page 441 and 442:
Map 45. Battle of Friedland, 14 Jun
Page 443 and 444:
imagined. Friends became foes to ea
Page 445 and 446:
Map 46. Friedland Campaign, 14-19 J
Page 447 and 448:
perhaps more terrible than the firs
Page 449 and 450:
Friedland, where they found themsel
Page 451 and 452:
Ingermanland) and part of Finland.
Page 453 and 454:
along the coastline and twice he vi
Page 455 and 456:
at Tavastheus (Hämeenlinna). One o
Page 457 and 458:
A strong garrison of some 7,000 men
Page 459 and 460:
efore the Swedes retreated to Tavas
Page 461 and 462:
The fighting continued for over fou
Page 463 and 464:
strong advance guard under Major Ge
Page 465 and 466:
Map 47. Military Operations in Finl
Page 467 and 468:
and to dispatch remaining forces 58
Page 469 and 470:
entire coastline from Vaasa to Åbo
Page 471 and 472:
The loss of the Åland Islands stun
Page 473 and 474:
ubles for travel expenses from the
Page 475 and 476:
on the southeast shore of Gulf of B
Page 477 and 478:
Gustavus IV was further exasperated
Page 479 and 480:
disorderly flight.” 106 General B
Page 481 and 482:
for the expedition. 116 Knorring th
Page 483 and 484:
one rubles is in fact worth 28 kope
Page 485 and 486:
Map 50. Aland Islands 466
Page 487 and 488:
The weather favored the Russians. I
Page 489 and 490:
detachment, capturing nine guns and
Page 491 and 492:
19 March, Kulnev prepared his troop
Page 493 and 494:
Map 51. Military Operations in Spri
Page 495 and 496:
frozen Kvarken, 166 reached the vic
Page 497 and 498:
The Russian army was ordered to re-
Page 499 and 500:
Åland Islands already became a leg
Page 501 and 502:
CHAPTER XII Campaign in the Danube
Page 503 and 504:
Map 52. Danubian Principalities in
Page 505 and 506:
Turks, who felt betrayed by the Fre
Page 507 and 508:
looking for a younger and more vigo
Page 509 and 510:
further deteriorated. He died at 5:
Page 511 and 512:
August, Bagration dispatched Ataman
Page 513 and 514:
Around 6:00 a.m. on 28 August, Bagr
Page 515 and 516:
Russian army now could take up posi
Page 517 and 518:
Bagration provided his troops with
Page 519 and 520:
Bagration concluded that Hozrev Meh
Page 521 and 522:
the road from Constant, some ten mi
Page 523 and 524:
Map 53. Battle of Rassevat, 16 Sept
Page 525 and 526:
Turkish cavalry, 96 while Denisov
Page 527 and 528:
Bagration was elated with this deci
Page 529 and 530:
advance against Langeron. Therefore
Page 531 and 532:
majesty’s wish though the quick a
Page 533 and 534:
the troops to repulse the enemy sor
Page 535 and 536:
The letters demonstrated Bagration
Page 537 and 538:
CHAPTER XIII Conclusion of Bagratio
Page 539 and 540:
conditions. 12 However, Bagration r
Page 541 and 542:
Thus, Bagration was unable to conce
Page 543 and 544:
To Bagration’s surprise, on 5 Oct
Page 545 and 546:
additional forage. 34 Bagration was
Page 547 and 548:
On 19 October, the Turkish army und
Page 549 and 550:
dispatched Belorussian Hussars and
Page 551 and 552:
killed and wounded, 200 captured wi
Page 553 and 554:
Simultaneously, the Grand Vizier wi
Page 555 and 556:
infantry battalions, and ordered hi
Page 557 and 558:
campaign here, surrounded by the de
Page 559 and 560:
the Danube can prevent these maneuv
Page 561 and 562:
direct order from Alexander. 91 His
Page 563 and 564:
partially destroyed during previous
Page 565 and 566:
Turkish cavalry as “the best cava
Page 567 and 568:
eceived from the Turkish reports of
Page 569 and 570:
Bagration compared his situation wi
Page 571 and 572:
sick to 150-200 men a day.” 126 B
Page 573 and 574:
ideas at the councils and therefore
Page 575 and 576:
army would spread confusion. He bel
Page 577 and 578:
discontent after Kamensky’s very
Page 579 and 580:
efused to allow Prince Peter to ret
Page 581 and 582:
commander-in-chief, Bagration reali
Page 583 and 584:
Prince Peter then turned to Major G
Page 585 and 586:
Isaev with two infantry regiments o
Page 587 and 588:
spilling the blood of their innocen
Page 589 and 590:
However, neither of these powers wa
Page 591 and 592:
to sign a cease fire and negotiate
Page 593 and 594:
The planning for the join operation
Page 595 and 596:
On 2 March 1810, Prince Peter gave
Page 597 and 598:
compatriots in Bosnia and Albania.
Page 599 and 600:
expenses. 68 Bagration criticized A
Page 601 and 602:
harbors to any British ships. Furth
Page 603 and 604:
Bagration, “You must persuade [th
Page 605 and 606:
In addition to his involvement in t
Page 607 and 608:
was in love with Philipescu’s dau
Page 609 and 610:
In late January 1810, Bagration per
Page 611 and 612:
devastating the region through thei
Page 613 and 614:
Divans of Wallachia and Moldavia to
Page 615 and 616:
and corrupt persons; so he had to c
Page 617 and 618:
CHAPTER XV Defending the Western Fr
Page 619 and 620:
lands. However, General Gardane rem
Page 621 and 622:
impossible to return all of the lan
Page 623 and 624:
The showdown of two great powers wa
Page 625 and 626:
The major issue of contention betwe
Page 627 and 628:
Napoleon was well aware of the diff
Page 629 and 630:
Napoleon’s strategy was simple an
Page 631 and 632:
suggested by the Minister of War Mi
Page 633 and 634:
was assembled along a 50-mile front
Page 635 and 636:
Map 56. Russian Campaign, 23 June 1
Page 637 and 638:
characteristic timidity and indecis
Page 639 and 640:
successes would “raise the high s
Page 641 and 642:
campaign. Russia was ready to comme
Page 643 and 644:
more aware of the political affairs
Page 645 and 646:
to a new area at Volkovysk and its
Page 647 and 648:
Another order of Barclay de Tolly t
Page 649 and 650:
they were deployed too close to the
Page 651 and 652:
Map 58. Russian Deployment on 23 Ju
Page 653 and 654:
your objectives…since the politic
Page 655 and 656:
only from the 1 st Western Army, bu
Page 657 and 658:
was completed. From the initial 49,
Page 659 and 660:
armies. It gave the 2 nd Western Ar
Page 661 and 662:
CHAPTER XVI The Retreat and First S
Page 663 and 664:
direct route to Minsk from Vilna, a
Page 665 and 666:
2 nd Western Army marched another t
Page 667 and 668:
Map 59. Retreat to Slonim 649
Page 669 and 670:
two columns. 26 He also anticipated
Page 671 and 672:
Soldiers cut the tree brunches and
Page 673 and 674:
July and then advance towards Voloz
Page 675 and 676:
Bagration halted the crossing to th
Page 677 and 678:
None of these plans were implemente
Page 679 and 680:
The next day, the Cossacks crossed
Page 681 and 682:
drilled and equipped troops, Jérô
Page 683 and 684:
Tell him [Jérôme] that it would b
Page 685 and 686:
To raise morale among the disconten
Page 687 and 688:
Bagration, which described in gener
Page 689 and 690:
The 2 nd Western Army bivouacked fo
Page 691 and 692:
To aid the lancers, General Turno o
Page 693 and 694:
As he received Platov’s report ab
Page 695 and 696:
Ivanovich Platov not only delighted
Page 697 and 698:
Alexander criticized the movement o
Page 699 and 700:
I am not to blame for anything. Fir
Page 701 and 702:
By 12 July, the rearguard arrived a
Page 703 and 704:
Beresina and at 10:00 a.m. on 12 Ju
Page 705 and 706:
day. “If they [French] would not
Page 707 and 708:
Platov intended to meet and detain
Page 709 and 710:
The French suffered considerable lo
Page 711 and 712:
Figure 12. Prince Peter Bagration i
Page 713 and 714:
Map 66. Retreat to Moghilev 696
Page 715 and 716:
Barclay de Tolly and the 1 st Weste
Page 717 and 718:
Simultaneously, the Russian advance
Page 719 and 720:
Vorontsov will arrive by night. I u
Page 721 and 722:
At the same time, Davout began his
Page 723 and 724:
Map 68. Battle of Saltanovka, 23 Ju
Page 725 and 726:
inflicted heavy casualties. A Frenc
Page 727 and 728:
The Russians acknowledged 2,548 kil
Page 729 and 730:
Russians with his weakened army. 54
Page 731 and 732:
Map 60. Bagration’s Operations in
Page 733 and 734:
troops to prepare crossings over th
Page 735 and 736:
of Napoléon and save his army from
Page 737 and 738:
Figure 13. Chapel on the battlefiel
Page 739 and 740:
a fierce battle on 25-27 July at Os
Page 741 and 742:
In the meantime, Ataman Platov join
Page 743 and 744:
this feeling, based only on antipat
Page 745 and 746:
[Bagration], as no other commanders
Page 747 and 748:
Thus, the Russian senior officers g
Page 749 and 750:
Bagration is often portrayed as rec
Page 751 and 752:
informed about my movement to Smole
Page 753 and 754:
Bagration, had tremendous effect on
Page 755 and 756:
Indeed, the Quartermaster-General o
Page 757 and 758:
victory on his breaking through the
Page 759 and 760:
Figures 15. Bagration’s Comrades
Page 761 and 762:
urged the expediency of acting on t
Page 763 and 764:
Only prompt and decisive actions co
Page 765 and 766:
Lyadi with a strong detachment and
Page 767 and 768:
Though we know that the enemy troop
Page 769 and 770:
emained idle on the Porechye route
Page 771 and 772:
Bagration also emphasized the criti
Page 773 and 774:
enemy forces against you [in the di
Page 775 and 776:
Map 69. Operations at Smolensk, 8-2
Page 777 and 778:
The French 48 attacked before after
Page 779 and 780:
campaigns, was well aware of this.
Page 781 and 782:
August General Rayevsky had 10,000
Page 783 and 784:
Smolensk to give a battle and this
Page 785 and 786:
Map 70. Battle of Smolensk, 17 Augu
Page 787 and 788:
the two armies were not united, dec
Page 789 and 790:
important crossroad at Lubino was l
Page 791 and 792:
Meantime, Ney and Murat were engage
Page 793 and 794:
On 24 August the 1 st and 2 nd West
Page 795 and 796:
of the Russian generals, including
Page 797 and 798:
stronger. 120 He stressed the Frenc
Page 799 and 800:
complain. The army has not the leas
Page 801 and 802:
almost eliminated. No one could mor
Page 803 and 804:
the rank-and-file. The fact that he
Page 805 and 806:
example of subordination, concealed
Page 807 and 808:
for “this is not an ordinary war,
Page 809 and 810:
the Russian rear guard. 12 General
Page 811 and 812:
inaccurate in describing events and
Page 813 and 814:
Shaped like a pentagon and some six
Page 815 and 816:
Many officers criticized Kutuzov’
Page 817 and 818:
Baggevout’s 2 nd Corps and Genera
Page 819 and 820:
left wing was tangibly weak in comp
Page 821 and 822:
attle and the actual number of the
Page 823 and 824:
There was no hesitation on either s
Page 825 and 826:
he, too, fell - this was the twenty
Page 827 and 828:
Map 73. Battle of Borodino, 7 Septe
Page 829 and 830:
immediately launched a frontal coun
Page 831 and 832:
On the northern flank, Eugene’s f
Page 833 and 834:
Map 73. Battle of Borodino, 7 Septe
Page 835 and 836:
e moved back before order could be
Page 837 and 838:
evening the French were in possessi
Page 839 and 840:
In the midst of battle, Bagration w
Page 841 and 842:
dramatically deteriorated. Being un
Page 843 and 844:
eased the pain. His mood changed fr
Page 845 and 846:
army. 144 Bagration unquestionably
Page 847 and 848:
CONCLUSION The God of the Army - Ba
Page 849 and 850:
Figure 19. Monument to Peter Bagrat
Page 851 and 852:
of emotions in Bagration. Napoleon
Page 853 and 854:
Highly gifted by nature, with “a
Page 855 and 856:
BIBLIOGRAPHY ARCHIVAL SOURCES Rossi
Page 857 and 858:
delo 3161 - Deistvia russkikh v kam
Page 859 and 860:
Al’tshuller R, Borodino: Dokument
Page 861 and 862:
Butovsky, I., Feldmarshal kniaz Kut
Page 863 and 864:
-----------------, Mémoires et cor
Page 865 and 866:
“Iz donesenii Bavarskago poverenn
Page 867 and 868:
‘Materiali iz istorii Suvorova’
Page 869 and 870:
Rossia i Shvetsia: dokumenti i mate
Page 871 and 872:
Yermolov, Aleksey, Zapiski A.P. Erm
Page 873 and 874:
Björlin, Gustaf. Finska Kriget 180
Page 875 and 876:
Deminski I., Pokhod Napoleona v Ros
Page 877 and 878:
Höpfner, Friedrich Eduard Alexande
Page 879 and 880:
Lettow-Vorbeck, Oscar von, Der krie
Page 881 and 882:
Nakashidze, Nodar. Borodinos gmiri
Page 883 and 884:
Polikarpov, N. 1799-1899. Bagration
Page 885 and 886:
Six, Georges, Dictionnaire biograph
Page 887 and 888:
Volodin, P. O roli i chislenosti Mo
Page 889 and 890:
Dubrovin, Nikolay, “Russkaya zhiz
Page 891 and 892:
Sandelius, Walter, “Dictatorship
Page 893 and 894:
ANNEX Annex 1 - Song in Honor of Pr
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major 8 December 1793 Premier major
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Mikaberidze, Al
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