the lion of the russian army - Florida State University

drafted by the Austrian Aulic Council, were remarkably complex and considered
operations across Europe. The main Austrian effort was to be made in northern Italy,
where Archduke Charles commanded 95,000 men. Archduke John was dispatched to
Tyrol with some 23,000 men. Archduke Ferdinand and General Karl Leiberich Mack,
commanded army of 58,000 men in Germany and had instructions to invade Bavaria,
regardless if its ruler Maximillian Joseph was allied with the French or not. Ferdinand
would then remain on the defensive until the Russian army under Field Marshal Mikhail
Illarionovich Golenischev-Kutusov arrived to launch a joint offensive. Another Russian
army under Friedrich Wilhelm Buxhowden would arrive later. Finally, the Allies planed
two diversions in Naples and in Hanover to threaten the flanks of the French armies. 9
According to the Allied plans, Russia was to muster two armies and four corps. 10
The Russian army was deployed throughout the western frontier: the Army of Podolsk 11
under Mikhail Kutuzov (57,000 men) was assembled along the Russian frontier with
Austria; the Army of Volhynia of Friedrich Wilhelm Buxhowden (48,000 men) and
General Ivan Essen I’s corps (20,000 men) were at Brest-Litovsk, while General Levin
Bennigsen’s corps (48,000 men) was arranged between Taurrogen and Grodno. A corps
of twenty thousand men under General Tolstoy was formed to take part in actions in
8 VPR, Russo-Prussian Convention, 3 November 1805, II, 613-19.
9 VPR, II, 516-18; Moritz Edler von Angeli, “Ulm und Austerlitz. Studie auf Grund
archivalischer Quellen όber den Feldzug 1805 in Deutschland,” Mittheilungen des Kaiserlichen
und Koniglichen Kriegsarchivs (Vienna, 1877), 398-400; Paul Claude Alombert-Goget, Jean
Lambert Alphonse Colin, La Campagne de 1805 en Allemagne (Paris, 1902), I, 39-69; David
Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon, (New York,1966), 382-83; John Elting, A Military
History and Atlas of the Napoleonic Wars. (London, 2000), map 46;
10 Authors disagree on the designation of troops under Levin Bennigsen and Essen.
Considering the strength of these units, some scholars refer to the Army of Lithuania under Essen
I and the Army of North of Bennigsen. In fact, both generals commanded two corps of the Army
of Lithuania that was deployed between Taurrogen and Grodno. M.I. Kutuzov: Sbornik
Dokumentov, pod redaktsiei polkovnika L.G. Beskrovnogo [M.I. Kutuzov: Compilation of
Documents, ed. By Col. L[iubomir] G. Beskrovny, hereafter cited as Correspondence of Kutuzov]
(Moscow, 1951), II, v-vi; VPR, II, 691. Liubomir Beskrovny, Russkoe voennoe isskustvo XIX v.
[Russian Military Art in XIX century], (Moscow, 1974), 24.
11 There were different designations of Kutuzov’s army - Army of Podolsk, 1 st Army, Army
of General Golenischev-Kutuzov, even Kutuzov’s Corps. Most of the contemporary reports
referred to it as Army of Podolsk.
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