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FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation
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the Russian archives. Robert Goetz
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures.
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Prince Pet
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30. Combat on the Northern Flank, f
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FOREWARD I faced several difficulti
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ABSTRACT This study explores the li
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participants of the 1812 Campaign.
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with a strong emphasis on the 1812
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Figure 1. Prince Peter Bagration in
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suppressed the main line of Bagrati
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Meantime, the Turks invaded Eastern
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another letter to Catherine asking
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Bagration’s enlistment in army is
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According to the record of Service,
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As he returned from the campaign, B
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not have hoped for a great career.
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more interested in Prussian and Aus
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The French mobilized up to 388,441
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General Suvorov joined the troops o
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campaigns they both served and kind
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expected to join the main forces. 3
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Map 1. Allied Movement from Mincio
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special decree recognizing the effo
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total, the French had some 28,000 m
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shouting, ‘Soldiers of Ismail, ar
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Bagration’s actions at Lecco. 78
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Map 3. Actions at Vaprio and Cassan
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and urged the destruction of the Fr
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was to occupy the fortress, if poss
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an ineffective handling of reconnai
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the Scrivia. He also moved Molchano
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eceived reinforcements and felt so
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order arrived. Suvorov wrote, “I
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Piedmont threatened the French supp
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eported that “Molchanov surrounde
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Although battle at Marengo was not
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This period showed a major weakness
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384 cannon, 20,000 muskets and vast
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At the same time, Bagration occupie
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Figure 3. Bagration as the advance
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general turns individually to the H
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from France to the Riviera. 14 Inte
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Suvorov was determined to leave a s
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The Allies first crossed the Bormid
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Map 6. Campaign of the Tidone and T
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Map 7. First Day of Trebbia, 18 Jun
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across the Tidone and then turned n
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Map 7. First Day of Trebbia Campaig
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ordered to arrange divisions of the
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Bagration also described Suvorov’
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at Rivalta and made flanking maneuv
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Although Suvorov later reported tha
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French did not gain a step of groun
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Vasilievich arrived, [bringing] a b
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By 6:00 p.m., the Allies regained t
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Map 6. Campaign on the Tidone and T
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The battle on the Trebbia was one o
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CHAPTER IV Against Joubert Battle o
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withdrawn his forces to Novi, reinf
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Kray in besieging Mantua and Suvoro
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lines. 33 Meantime, Suvorov, despit
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protected one of the valleys that l
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a brief clash with the French. 49 S
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Map 9. Siege of Serravalle 1 - Line
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upper Orba and Scrivia. 67 Joubert
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Map 10. Joubert’s Offensive 114
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Map 11. Massing of Forces at Novi 1
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Kray silently approached the French
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However, Suvorov’s actions also i
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Novi, but then reached the stonewal
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counterattack and recaptured it. 10
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Map 12. Battle at Novi, 15 August 1
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The next morning, Suvorov intended
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Novi was a major victory for Prince
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effectively removed the Russians fr
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The major flaw of this plan lay in
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I kept my word and arrived here on
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Map 13. Suvorov’s Assault on the
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to allow the flanking columns to le
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killed and wounded 45 Bagration rep
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Map 14. From the St. Gothard to Ams
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the Reuss River, a remarkable feat
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local commanders about Suvorov’s
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Furious over what he regarded as Au
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etreated toward Germany, leaving be
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the bravery and self-sacrifice of m
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General Auffenberg’s troops (2,00
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In a fierce engagement, Bagration p
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movement and moved the Bagration J
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Early afternoon on 1 October Bagrat
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French. 117 But the main assault on
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The main Russian forces assembled a
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the battlefield. Prince Peter order
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etreated and lost three guns to Mol
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Map 19. Passage of the Panixer Pass
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the council of war of 18 October, h
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In early November, the Russian army
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Swiss Campaigns. Suvorov praised hi
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CHAPTER VI Life in St. Petersburg a
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[Suvorov] very weak… he lapsed in
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launch three new ships at the Admir
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Tsarskoe Selo, which reminded him o
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occasion chastised him for neglecti
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had dark; she was beautiful like an
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Figure 6. “Pink Pavilion” - Bag
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Bagration’s wife: Princess Ekater
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saw Catherine’s daughter, who car
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Isabey painted her rose-crowned and
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Alexander was very apprehensive for
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CHAPTER VII “Five Against Thirty
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alleged participation in the assass
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Hanover, and another 20,000 men und
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the column and attached the infirma
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obstacles we confront, we shall ove
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Bagration was at Wischau; the next
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To Kutuzov’s surprise, he soon re
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Map 22. Ulm Campaign, 6 October 180
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de Dieu Soult, Louis-Nicolas Davout
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marched under cold rain and snow. B
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Napoleon commanded 150,000 men agai
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Map 23. Pursuit to Vienna, 26 Octob
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tenacity and were saved by the time
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Miloradovich in case the French thr
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watching for an unlikely appearance
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Napoleon arrived at the front on 11
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prepare for another march. Bagratio
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Kutuzov were furious at Nostitz’s
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Once within sight of Schöngrabern,
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Napoleon received the word of the a
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against Major General Selikhov’s
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Bagration’s detachment made a gre
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The news of Bagration’s escape ca
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While Bagration fought at Schograbe
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his columns and reinforced Bagratio
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execution. To preserve the main bod
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deployed some 30,000 men of Murat
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However, Alexander and Francis disr
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Map 27. Allied Advance from Olmutz
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27 November at Proedlitz. The next
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However, Bagration found his forces
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advance in complete ignorance of th
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. Map 28. Battle of Austerlitz, 2 D
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men to the battlefield. These troop
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ordinary battle. I prefer to abando
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Map 28. Battle of Austerlitz, 2 Dec
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Map 29. Napoleon’s and Allied Pla
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forces, which were supposed to coop
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holding the French was on the right
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on the north side of the road with
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Map 30. Combat on the Northern Flan
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tide of success. 120 The Russian ca
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6 th Jagers at Holubitz before disl
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finally secured Holubitz and Kruh a
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Map 28. Battle of Austerlitz, 2 Dec
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Czeitsch and then abandoned the tow
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Austerlitz was a masterpiece of Nap
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cavalry was also badly mauled, loos
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idolized a character. He was dresse
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over Alexander. 191 Bagration’s a
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Guard Jager Battalion and began pre
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CHAPTER IX In the Blizzards of Pola
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etreating northward, Napoleon was a
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The Russian army advanced on 6 Janu
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By this time, Marshal Michel Ney ad
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January. 27 Next day, he reached Li
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Meantime, the Russian headquarters
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the main forces. 47 These actions,
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Map 34. Region Between Deutsch Eyla
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Napoleon was delighted by the news
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organization of the retreat. Yermol
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forces in pursuit of the Russians.
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Murat made another series of attack
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Simultaneously, the French corps we
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In the evening of 6 February, Benni
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One of the participants left a vivi
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About one mile in front of Eylau, B
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However, the initial attack in the
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Many French officers, including Gen
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he could not defend his positions a
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still managed to capture eagle of t
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Map 38. Battle of Eylau, 8 February
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Baptiste Milhaud covered both Frenc
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cannon or musket fire neither in th
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Map 38. Battle of Eylau, 8 February
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Serpallen. 192 The French would hav
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Map 38. Battle of Eylau, 8 February
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where he placed strong batteries to
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In addition, thousands of the soldi
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Gross Lauth and approached village
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under command of Ataman Platov. 237
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eloved be everyone and admired by a
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Map 39. Friedland Campaign, 15 Marc
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advance guards on the Lower Passarg
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In April, strong reinforcements joi
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to attack Soult’s corps and preve
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At around 3:00 a.m. on 5 June, Bagr
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from the woods on the left flank. B
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Ney reconnoitered Bagration’s pos
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Ney made several stands on his marc
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As he made his stand on the banks o
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the failure of the maneuver at Gutt
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etreated without engaging. The Fren
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The Cossacks attacked but in a sava
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The Cossacks under Major General Pa
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moved by forced marches to Heilsber
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Bennigsen was unaware of the direct
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Map 43. Battle of Heilsberg, 10 Jun
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foot before receiving a horse from
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which friends and foes had during t
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Map 44. Friedland Campaign, 10-13 J
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Napoleon’s army as it marched to
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idges were constructed and addition
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Late in night on 13 June, Marshal L
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illusion of the arriving reinforcem
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Mortier’s corps also arrived on t
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withdrew his exhausted jagers allow
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The advancing French came under mur
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Map 45. Battle of Friedland, 14 Jun
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Map 45. Battle of Friedland, 14 Jun
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imagined. Friends became foes to ea
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Map 46. Friedland Campaign, 14-19 J
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perhaps more terrible than the firs
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Friedland, where they found themsel
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Ingermanland) and part of Finland.
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along the coastline and twice he vi
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at Tavastheus (Hämeenlinna). One o
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A strong garrison of some 7,000 men
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efore the Swedes retreated to Tavas
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The fighting continued for over fou
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strong advance guard under Major Ge
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Map 47. Military Operations in Finl
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and to dispatch remaining forces 58
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entire coastline from Vaasa to Åbo
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The loss of the Åland Islands stun
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ubles for travel expenses from the
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on the southeast shore of Gulf of B
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Gustavus IV was further exasperated
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disorderly flight.” 106 General B
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for the expedition. 116 Knorring th
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one rubles is in fact worth 28 kope
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Map 50. Aland Islands 466
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The weather favored the Russians. I
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detachment, capturing nine guns and
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19 March, Kulnev prepared his troop
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Map 51. Military Operations in Spri
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frozen Kvarken, 166 reached the vic
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The Russian army was ordered to re-
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Åland Islands already became a leg
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CHAPTER XII Campaign in the Danube
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Map 52. Danubian Principalities in
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Turks, who felt betrayed by the Fre
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looking for a younger and more vigo
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further deteriorated. He died at 5:
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August, Bagration dispatched Ataman
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Around 6:00 a.m. on 28 August, Bagr
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Russian army now could take up posi
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Bagration provided his troops with
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Bagration concluded that Hozrev Meh
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the road from Constant, some ten mi
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Map 53. Battle of Rassevat, 16 Sept
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Turkish cavalry, 96 while Denisov
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Bagration was elated with this deci
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advance against Langeron. Therefore
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majesty’s wish though the quick a
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the troops to repulse the enemy sor
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The letters demonstrated Bagration
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CHAPTER XIII Conclusion of Bagratio
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conditions. 12 However, Bagration r
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Thus, Bagration was unable to conce
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To Bagration’s surprise, on 5 Oct
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additional forage. 34 Bagration was
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On 19 October, the Turkish army und
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dispatched Belorussian Hussars and
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killed and wounded, 200 captured wi
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Simultaneously, the Grand Vizier wi
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infantry battalions, and ordered hi
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campaign here, surrounded by the de
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the Danube can prevent these maneuv
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direct order from Alexander. 91 His
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partially destroyed during previous
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Turkish cavalry as “the best cava
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eceived from the Turkish reports of
- Page 569 and 570: Bagration compared his situation wi
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- Page 579 and 580: efused to allow Prince Peter to ret
- Page 581 and 582: commander-in-chief, Bagration reali
- Page 583 and 584: Prince Peter then turned to Major G
- Page 585 and 586: Isaev with two infantry regiments o
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- Page 589 and 590: However, neither of these powers wa
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- Page 593 and 594: The planning for the join operation
- Page 595 and 596: On 2 March 1810, Prince Peter gave
- Page 597 and 598: compatriots in Bosnia and Albania.
- Page 599 and 600: expenses. 68 Bagration criticized A
- Page 601 and 602: harbors to any British ships. Furth
- Page 603 and 604: Bagration, “You must persuade [th
- Page 605 and 606: In addition to his involvement in t
- Page 607 and 608: was in love with Philipescu’s dau
- Page 609 and 610: In late January 1810, Bagration per
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- Page 615 and 616: and corrupt persons; so he had to c
- Page 617 and 618: CHAPTER XV Defending the Western Fr
- Page 619: lands. However, General Gardane rem
- Page 623 and 624: The showdown of two great powers wa
- Page 625 and 626: The major issue of contention betwe
- Page 627 and 628: Napoleon was well aware of the diff
- Page 629 and 630: Napoleon’s strategy was simple an
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- Page 633 and 634: was assembled along a 50-mile front
- Page 635 and 636: Map 56. Russian Campaign, 23 June 1
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- Page 641 and 642: campaign. Russia was ready to comme
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- Page 645 and 646: to a new area at Volkovysk and its
- Page 647 and 648: Another order of Barclay de Tolly t
- Page 649 and 650: they were deployed too close to the
- Page 651 and 652: Map 58. Russian Deployment on 23 Ju
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- Page 655 and 656: only from the 1 st Western Army, bu
- Page 657 and 658: was completed. From the initial 49,
- Page 659 and 660: armies. It gave the 2 nd Western Ar
- Page 661 and 662: CHAPTER XVI The Retreat and First S
- Page 663 and 664: direct route to Minsk from Vilna, a
- Page 665 and 666: 2 nd Western Army marched another t
- Page 667 and 668: Map 59. Retreat to Slonim 649
- Page 669 and 670: two columns. 26 He also anticipated
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Soldiers cut the tree brunches and
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July and then advance towards Voloz
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Bagration halted the crossing to th
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None of these plans were implemente
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The next day, the Cossacks crossed
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drilled and equipped troops, Jérô
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Tell him [Jérôme] that it would b
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To raise morale among the disconten
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Bagration, which described in gener
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The 2 nd Western Army bivouacked fo
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To aid the lancers, General Turno o
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As he received Platov’s report ab
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Ivanovich Platov not only delighted
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Alexander criticized the movement o
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I am not to blame for anything. Fir
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By 12 July, the rearguard arrived a
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Beresina and at 10:00 a.m. on 12 Ju
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day. “If they [French] would not
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Platov intended to meet and detain
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The French suffered considerable lo
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Figure 12. Prince Peter Bagration i
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Map 66. Retreat to Moghilev 696
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Barclay de Tolly and the 1 st Weste
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Simultaneously, the Russian advance
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Vorontsov will arrive by night. I u
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At the same time, Davout began his
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Map 68. Battle of Saltanovka, 23 Ju
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inflicted heavy casualties. A Frenc
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The Russians acknowledged 2,548 kil
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Russians with his weakened army. 54
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Map 60. Bagration’s Operations in
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troops to prepare crossings over th
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of Napoléon and save his army from
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Figure 13. Chapel on the battlefiel
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a fierce battle on 25-27 July at Os
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In the meantime, Ataman Platov join
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this feeling, based only on antipat
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[Bagration], as no other commanders
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Thus, the Russian senior officers g
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Bagration is often portrayed as rec
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informed about my movement to Smole
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Bagration, had tremendous effect on
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Indeed, the Quartermaster-General o
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victory on his breaking through the
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Figures 15. Bagration’s Comrades
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urged the expediency of acting on t
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Only prompt and decisive actions co
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Lyadi with a strong detachment and
- Page 767 and 768:
Though we know that the enemy troop
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emained idle on the Porechye route
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Bagration also emphasized the criti
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enemy forces against you [in the di
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Map 69. Operations at Smolensk, 8-2
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The French 48 attacked before after
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campaigns, was well aware of this.
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August General Rayevsky had 10,000
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Smolensk to give a battle and this
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Map 70. Battle of Smolensk, 17 Augu
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the two armies were not united, dec
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important crossroad at Lubino was l
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Meantime, Ney and Murat were engage
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On 24 August the 1 st and 2 nd West
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of the Russian generals, including
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stronger. 120 He stressed the Frenc
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complain. The army has not the leas
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almost eliminated. No one could mor
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the rank-and-file. The fact that he
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example of subordination, concealed
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for “this is not an ordinary war,
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the Russian rear guard. 12 General
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inaccurate in describing events and
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Shaped like a pentagon and some six
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Many officers criticized Kutuzov’
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Baggevout’s 2 nd Corps and Genera
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left wing was tangibly weak in comp
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attle and the actual number of the
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There was no hesitation on either s
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he, too, fell - this was the twenty
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Map 73. Battle of Borodino, 7 Septe
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immediately launched a frontal coun
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On the northern flank, Eugene’s f
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Map 73. Battle of Borodino, 7 Septe
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e moved back before order could be
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evening the French were in possessi
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In the midst of battle, Bagration w
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dramatically deteriorated. Being un
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eased the pain. His mood changed fr
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army. 144 Bagration unquestionably
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CONCLUSION The God of the Army - Ba
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Figure 19. Monument to Peter Bagrat
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of emotions in Bagration. Napoleon
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Highly gifted by nature, with “a
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BIBLIOGRAPHY ARCHIVAL SOURCES Rossi
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delo 3161 - Deistvia russkikh v kam
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Al’tshuller R, Borodino: Dokument
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Butovsky, I., Feldmarshal kniaz Kut
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-----------------, Mémoires et cor
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“Iz donesenii Bavarskago poverenn
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‘Materiali iz istorii Suvorova’
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Rossia i Shvetsia: dokumenti i mate
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Yermolov, Aleksey, Zapiski A.P. Erm
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Björlin, Gustaf. Finska Kriget 180
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Deminski I., Pokhod Napoleona v Ros
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Höpfner, Friedrich Eduard Alexande
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Lettow-Vorbeck, Oscar von, Der krie
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Nakashidze, Nodar. Borodinos gmiri
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Polikarpov, N. 1799-1899. Bagration
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Six, Georges, Dictionnaire biograph
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Volodin, P. O roli i chislenosti Mo
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Dubrovin, Nikolay, “Russkaya zhiz
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Sandelius, Walter, “Dictatorship
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ANNEX Annex 1 - Song in Honor of Pr
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major 8 December 1793 Premier major
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Mikaberidze, Al