annual report annual report annual report annual report 2005

More documents

Recommendations

Info

120 PROCESS ENGINEERING Fig.5. The final results of flow hydrodynamic modeling in equalizer-mixer (CFD simulations). done. The final results of wastewater flow structure optimization in the mixer, proposed for industrial realization, are presented in Fig.5. Both the RTD and CFD methods are complementary. The numerical simulation of complex system by CFD is a powerful tool for visualization of processes. But obtained results should be always validated by the tracer RTD measurements. Application of both techniques to solution of problems arised in industry, especially connected with construction optimization significance of apparatus is important and very often of decisive.
NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGIES AND METHODS 121 MATERIAL ENGINEERING, STRUCTURAL STUDIES, DIAGNOSTICS APPLICATION OF INAA TO IDENTIFY LEAD WHITE IN ICONS FROM THE 15th-18th CENTURIES FROM SOUTH-EASTERN POLAND Ewa Pańczyk, Jarosław Giemza 1/ , Lech Waliś 1/ The Castle Museum in Łańcut, Poland The purpose of the work was to analyse lead white from icons of the 15th-18th centuries, collected in the Orthodox Art Department at the Castle Museum in Łańcut, using the neutron activation analysis (NAA) method. These tests allowed to identify concentration of trace elements in collected samples. The achieved results provided a basis for the conclusion that lead white from analysed icons demonstrates specific common characteristic features and differs from lead white from panel paintings from the Małopolska and Silesia regions. Identifying similarities and differences in the applied lead white would allow to create a “map” of its common features and in the future would support the territory identification of the pigment, as well as the age, origin and authenticity of an object under examination. Lead white is a pigment most frequently used for determining trace elements. This is due to its features; having been varnished, lead white is resistant to degradation and additionally, it is one of the most frequently used pigments for the last twenty centuries. Also, in the case of icon painting, lead white is the only known white pigment used until the 19th century [1-3]. The lead production process changed over time and the analysis of impurities in the pigment can be used to identify approximate date of its production. There are three potential methods for physical and chemical classification of lead white: - test of changes in the level of impurities by analysing concentration of elements, - test of changes in 206 Pb/ 204 Pb isotope ratio, - analysis of crystal structure modification. The crystal structure and the level of main impurities are typical of the production method, while the isotope ratio and trace impurities are related to the origin of the mineral. Consequently, the analysis of trace elements allows to determine the time of the painting creation and its origin. Additionally, it is possible to identify repainting and conservation activities, which is of key importance to historians of art. Based on to date quantitative analysis of trace elements in lead white collected from paintings from the 15th-19th century, it can be concluded that lead white from regions south to Alps, found, inter alia, in Venetian paintings, shows a higher content of copper and manganese and lower content of sliver and antimony than lead white from regions north to Alps, applied in northern Europe [4-6]. The analysis included selected icons dated from the 15th-18th century from the Orthodox Art Department at the Castle Museum in Łańcut. Eighteen icons were selected for the analysis, from which samples of lead white were collected. Table includes the description of the collected samples. Collecting a sample including pure lead white in the case of paintings such as icons is very difficult due to the lavish gilding. 1-3 samples from each object, with a mass from 0.1 to 1 mg were collected after removing the varnish, from the top lights, in order to ensure that they include pure lead white without other pigment additives. The analysis of lead white samples was carried out using the instrumental NAA (INAA) method without chemical separation, using standards of analysed elements. After weighing and sealing in quartz ampoules, samples were packed in packages including seven samples each together with 47 standards of determined elements such as Na, K, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga ,Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Ru, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Ir, Au, Hg, Th and 238 U. Small volumes (0.001 ml) of solutions of appropriately grouped elements were placed in quartz ampoules, evaporated to dryness and sealed. Zinc (1 mg), tin (10 mg), iron (10 mg) and nickel (1 mg) standards were additionally wrapped in an aluminium film. Additionally, scandium and gold standards were attached to every sample series, to act as the monitor of thermal neutron flux. Samples were irradiated in the MARIA reactor in Świerk, in a channel with a 8x10 13 n/cm 2 s thermal neutron flux. Samples were irradiated for 24 h and cooled for 8 h. Irradiated samples after taking out from the package were washed with an HCl 1:1 solution and then with alcohol to remove surface contaminations. Standards were washed out from ampoules or, in the case of scandium and gold, dissolved together with the aluminium film
Page 1 and 2:
ANNUAL REPORT 2005 50 years in the
Page 3 and 4:
CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION 9 MANA
Page 5 and 6:
DETERMINATION OF CADMIUM, LEAD, COP
Page 7 and 8:
NUCLEONIC CONTROL SYSTEMS AND ACCEL
Page 9 and 10:
GENERAL INFORMATION 9 GENERAL INFOR
Page 11 and 12:
MANAGEMENT OF THE INSTITUTE 11 MANA
Page 13 and 14:
MANAGEMENT OF THE INSTITUTE 13 •
Page 15 and 16:
SCIENTIFIC STAFF 15 5. Danilczuk Ma
Page 17 and 18:
RADIATION CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, RA
Page 19 and 20:
20 RADIATION CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS,
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
RADIOCHEMISTRY, STABLE ISOTOPES, NU
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66: RADIOCHEMISTRY, STABLE ISOTOPES, NU
Page 95 and 96: RADIOBIOLOGY
Page 97 and 98: 100 RADIOBIOLOGY THE ROLE OF LYSOSO
Page 99 and 100: 102 many found the ratio to be high
Page 101 and 102: 104 RADIOBIOLOGY DNA INTER-STRAND C
Page 103 and 104: 106 SIRTUIN INHIBITION INCREASES TH
Page 105 and 106: 108 The possible reason of this eff
Page 107 and 108: NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGIES AND METHODS 11
Page 115: NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGIES AND METHODS 11
Page 139 and 140: THE INCT PUBLICATIONS IN 2005 143 T
Page 141 and 142: THE INCT PUBLICATIONS IN 2005 145 2
Page 147 and 148: THE INCT PUBLICATIONS IN 2005 CHAPT
Page 159 and 160: THE INCT PUBLICATIONS IN 2005 163 V
Page 165 and 166: NUKLEONIKA 169 NUKLEONIKA THE INTER
Page 167 and 168:
NUKLEONIKA 171 7. Influence of time
Page 169 and 170:
INTERVIEWS IN 2005 173 INTERVIEWS I
Page 171 and 172:
CONFERENCES ORGANIZED AND CO-ORGANI
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
EDUCATION 209 EDUCATION Ph.D. PROGR
Page 207 and 208:
RESEARCH PROJECTS AND CONTRACTS 211
Page 209 and 210:
RESEARCH PROJECTS AND CONTRACTS IAE
Page 211 and 212:
LIST OF VISITORS TO THE INCT IN 200
Page 213 and 214:
LECTURES AND SEMINARS DELIVERED OUT
Page 215 and 216:
LECTURES AND SEMINARS DELIVERED OUT
Page 217 and 218:
AWARDS IN 2005 221 AWARDS IN 2005 1
Page 219 and 220:
INSTRUMENTAL LABORATORIES AND TECHN
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231:
INDEX OF THE AUTHORS 235 Lisowska H
show all

annual report annual report annual report annual report 2005

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?