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SEKE 2012 Proceedings - Knowledge Systems Institute

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and course. We made an experimental in order to verify<br />

the hypotheses that the proposed architecture can bring ads<br />

more relevant than a random approach. The hypotheses are<br />

the following:<br />

Null hypothesis - H 0 : The relevance of the ad (represented<br />

by Φ) offered by this model (this) is, at most equivalent<br />

to the random delivery(random).<br />

H 0 :Φ this ≤ Φ random<br />

Alternative hypothesis - The relevance of the ad (represented<br />

by Φ) offered by this model (this) is superior<br />

to the random<br />

H 1 :Φ this > Φ random<br />

During a period of seven days, the ads ware exhibited in<br />

the coffee shop of the university. In this period the same<br />

amount of ads ware displayed using both approaches, the<br />

random and the one here described. The results show that<br />

we achieve a considerable improvement in the relevance of<br />

the ads, confirming the alternative hypothesis. More precisely,<br />

from the total ads sent, our model achieved an accuracy<br />

rate of 64,18%, versus 36,05% from random.<br />

5. Conclusions<br />

In this work we presented a novel model to represent<br />

context in Pervasive Advertising. The main advantage of<br />

this model is that it defines context in terms of user and<br />

device. The big benefit of this new way of organizing information<br />

is that it allows that new classes of information are<br />

added to the model without causing major changes, making<br />

the model easy to extend. In other words task ontologies<br />

can be easily added to the model. This is possible because<br />

the coupling occurs from the classes of information to the<br />

source of information, leaving the classes loosely coupled<br />

with each other.<br />

To demonstrate the feasibility of the model, we developed<br />

a case study on a pervasive display scenario. Through<br />

this case study was possible to notice that the model is very<br />

comprehensive. This can be notice because the products<br />

advertised were from many different fields (such as sports,<br />

computing, and beauty) and the model was used without<br />

changes or extensions.<br />

In this case study, was possible also to improve the effectiveness<br />

of the advertisements in more that 77%. We notice<br />

yet, that the results could be still more expressives if our<br />

base of advertisements was more comprehensive and if the<br />

bluetooh discovery was not so slow.<br />

As current/future work, we are developing: (i) an application<br />

for a Digital Signage scenario, that is not intrusive;<br />

(ii) an application for an opportunistic Mobile Advertising<br />

scenario; and (iii) a multiagent approach for Pervasive Advertising,<br />

which contemplates the delivery of advertisement<br />

in both public displays and the mobile personal devices.<br />

References<br />

[1] M. Weiser, “The Computer for the 21st Century,” Scientific<br />

American, vol. 265, pp. 66–75, September 1991.<br />

[2] J. Krumm, “Ubiquitous Advertising: The Killer Application<br />

for the 21st Century,” Pervasive Computing, IEEE, vol. PP,<br />

no. 99, pp. 1–16, 2010.<br />

[3] A. K. Dey, “Understanding and Using Context,” Personal<br />

and Ubiquitous Computing, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 4–7, 2001.<br />

[4] M. Strohbach, M. Bauer, M. Martin, and B. Hebgen,<br />

Pervasive Advertising, ch. Managing Advertising Context,<br />

pp. 185–205. Springer, 2011.<br />

[5] F. Bublitz, E. Loureiro, H. Almeida, A. Perkusich, and<br />

E. de Barros Costa, “Context-Awareness in Pervasive Environments,”<br />

in Encyclopedia of Networked and Virtual Organizations<br />

(M. M. Cunha, ed.), vol. 1, pp. 1958–1959, Hershey,<br />

PA, USA: Idea Group Publishing, 2008.<br />

[6] H. Chen, F. Perich, T. Finin, and A. Joshi, “SOUPA: Standard<br />

Ontology for Ubiquitous and Pervasive Applications,”<br />

in International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous <strong>Systems</strong>:<br />

Networking and Services, (Boston, USA), August<br />

2004.<br />

[7] D. J. Cho and M. W. Hong, “A Design of Ontology Context<br />

Model in Ubiquitous Learning Environments,” in IC-<br />

COMP’08: <strong>Proceedings</strong> of the 12th WSEAS international<br />

conference on Computers, (Stevens Point, Wisconsin, USA),<br />

pp. 844–848, World Scientific and Engineering Academy<br />

and Society (WSEAS), 2008.<br />

[8] A. Esposito, L. Tarricone, M. Zappatore, L. Catarinucci, and<br />

R. Colella, “A Framework for Context-Aware Home-Health<br />

Monitoring,” Int. J. Auton. Adapt. Commun. Syst., vol. 3,<br />

no. 1, pp. 75–91, 2010.<br />

[9] L. Seremetia, C. Goumopoulosa, and A. Kameas,<br />

“Ontology-based Modeling of Dynamic Ubiquitous<br />

Computing Applications as Evolving Activity Spheres,”<br />

Pervasive and Mobile Computing, vol. 5, pp. 574–591,<br />

2010.<br />

[10] F. Bublitz, H. Almeida, A. Perkusich, E. Loureiro, E. Barros,<br />

and L. Dias, “An Infrastructure for Developing Context<br />

Aware Applications in Pervasive Environments,” in SAC ’08:<br />

<strong>Proceedings</strong> of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing,<br />

(New York, NY, USA), pp. 1958–1959, ACM, 2008.<br />

[11] Y. Hu and X. Li, “An Ontology Based Context-Aware Model<br />

for Semantic Web Services,” <strong>Knowledge</strong> Acquisition and<br />

Modeling, International Symposium on, vol. 1, pp. 426–429,<br />

2009.<br />

[12] C.-H. Liu, K.-L. Chang, J. J.-Y. Chen, and S.-C. Hung,<br />

“Ontology-Based Context Representation and Reasoning<br />

Using OWL and SWRL,” Communication Networks and Services<br />

Research, Annual Conference on, vol. 1, pp. 215–220,<br />

2010.<br />

[13] P. Kotler and G. Armstrong, Principles of Marketing. Prentice<br />

Hall, 12th edition ed., Feb. 2007.<br />

431

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