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Figure 7.a. Task: Construction of Diagram of Problem-Space Based on User Scenarios (Text Segment 1) Figure 8. Task: Construction of Users Scenarios In the task Refinement of Users Scenarios, shown in Figure 9, the user an d the requirement engineer interact together in order to acquire scenarios free of errors and inconsistent. These “debugged” scenarios are called Refined Users Scenarios. Figure 7.b. Task: Construction of Diagram of Problem-Space Based on User Scenarios (Text Segment 2) Figure 9. Task: Refinement of Users Scenarios. Figure 7.c. Task: Construction of Diagram of Problem-Space Based on User Scenarios (Text Segment 3) In order to perform this task, the requirement engineer has as input products two elements: the Users Scenarios and the 31
original User’s Discourse / Speech, getting as output the RUS complying the user’s requirements. For this study case, it is reviewed the User’s Discourse / Sp eech and the Users Scenarios in the paragraph of Text Segment [3]: “that a registry is updated with all the procurement authorizations accepted by each Tower of Control in a given day”. that defines the functionality “Registry of the procurement authorizations accepted by the Tower of Control in one given day”. A problem is detected in the User Scenario and it is necessary to add in each Tower of Control actor the attribute Procurement Authorization with the value Accepted, because these type of authorizations are the only one interested to be r egistered by this functionality. As a result, the User Scenario that is refined is the third one. In the t ask Construction of Unified-Map of User Scenarios, shown in Figure 10, the requirement engineer works on the construction of the Uni fied-Map of User Scenarios, which allows documenting the “temporal order” in which the scenarios are performed. For this task, the requirement engineer has as input products the Text Segments and the Refined Users Scenarios, getting as a result the UMUS. The used technique is “Analysis of Transitions of Users Scenarios”, which allows identifying in the Text Segments the elements called “scenario dispatchers” from which the transition is performed. The dispatcher can have three types: 1) context changes in the user discourse, 2) state change in the actors of the scenario (modifying the attribute values) and 3) adding actors to the scenario. In this case, the analysis of Text Segment [1] indica tes that the US-1 is performed by a dispatcher type 1), because it is related to a con textual base frame; the analysis of Text Segment [2] indicates that the US – 2 is performed by a dispatcher type 3) , because the aircraft actor is added; and finally the analysis of Text Segment [3] indicates that the US-3 is performed by a dispa tcher type 2), because a change in the state actor air craft is done when the location attribute is set from Hangar N°1) to tank supply location. As a result. Figure 10. Task: Construction of Unified-Map of User Scenarios. VII. CONCLUSIONS The main contribution of this paper is to present a methodical process called Requirements Conceptualization, which is divided into two phases, called the Problem Oriented Analysis and Product -Oriented Analysis, and whose main objective is to structure and characterize the mass of information from elicitation activity within the discourse (speech) of the user. This paper presents two proofs of concept for a specific case about two phases of this process. The first phase has as input the text associated to the User´s Speech and as an output the Dia gram of Problem-Space Based on User Scenarios. To carry out the tasks it has been ada pted some techniques and developed another ones; they are: Protocol Analysis, Cognitive Techniques for Ident ification of Factual Knowledge, Procedural Knowledge, Contextual Knowledge and Association Knowledge, and Technique of Construction of Diagram of Problem-Space Based on User Scenarios. The structuration of the Phase of Problem Oriented Analysis into the tasks: U ser Discourse / Speech Segmentation, Cognitive Analysis of Text Segments and Construction of Problem Space based on User Scenarios; allows the requirements engineer to carry out a systematic analysis of user's speech to reach gradually an integrated representation of the fundamental elements of it. The nex t research steps are: [a] develop and execute an experiment to validate empirically the process of requirements conceptualization introduced and [b] to focus on implementing of high quality conceptual models. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The research results reported in this article have been partially funded by the Research Project 33A105, Department of Production and Technology, National University of La nus (Argentine) and by the grants TIN2008-00555 and HD2008- 0048 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. REFERENCES [1] Sommerville, I. 2005. Ingeniería de Software, Addison-Wesley. [2] Chatzoglou P., S oteriou A. 1999. A DEA framework to assess the efficiency of the software requirements capture and analysis process. Decision-Sciences. 30(2): 503-31. [3] Van der Vos, B., Gulla, J., Van de Riet, R., 1995. Verification of Conceptual Models based n Linguistic Knowledge. NLDB 1995 [4] Loucopoulos, P., Karakostas, V. 1995. System Req uirements Engineering; McGraw-Hill, [5] Davis, A. 1993. Software Requirements: Objects, Functions and States; Prentice-Hall International. [6] Faulk, S. 1997. Software Requirements: A Tutorial; In Software Engineering, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp 82-101. [7] Sutcliffe, A., Maiden, N. 1992. Analysing the Novice Analyst: Cognitive Models in Software Engineering; Intl. Jl of Man-Machine Studies, 36(5). [8] Wieringa, R. 1995. Requirements Engineering: Fram eworks for Understanding; John Wiley. [9] Jalote, P. 1997. An Integrated Approach to So ftware Engineering; Springer-Verlag. [10] Juristo, N., Moreno, A. 20 00. Introductory paper: Reflections on Conceptual Modeling; Data and Knowledge Engineering, vol 33. [11] Moreno, A., 1999. Tesis Doctoral Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, [12] Chen, P. 1990. Entity-relationship Approach to Data Modeling. In Systemand Software Requirements Engineering, Thayer RH, Dorfman M (eds). IEEE. Computer Society Press. [13] García Martínez, R. y Britos, P. 2004. Ingeniería de Sistemas Expertos. Editorial Nueva Librería. ISBN 987-1104-15-4. [14] Carroll, J. 1995. Introdu ction: The Scenario Perspective on Sys tem Development, en "Scenario-Based Design: Envisioning Work and Technology in System Development", John Wiley & Sons. [15] Anderson, J. 2006. Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications. Watson Guptill Publications. [16] Robertson S. 2002. Project Sociology: Identifying and involving the stakeholders, ICFAI University Press 32
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SEKE San Francisco Bay July 1-3 201
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Copyright © 2012 by Knowledge Syst
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The 24 th International Conference
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Zhenyu Chen, Nanjing University, Ch
Page 9 and 10: Riccardo Martoglia, University of M
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Page 13 and 14: Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness o
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Cloud Application Resource Mapping
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Fig. 1. UML Collaboration Diagram m
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Fig. 2. UML Activity Diagram modeli
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An Empirical Study of Software Metr
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TABLE I SOFTWARE DATASETS CHARACTER
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1) Classifiers: In this study, soft
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Progressive Clustering with Learned
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IV. DATA SOURCES We have been worki
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meta-data we assign to indicate sig
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Multi-Objective Optimization of Fuz
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uilding FNNs that satisfy different
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VI. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The presen
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Generating Performance Test Scripts
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test duration(s) for the scenario(s
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which are composed by the name and
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A Catalog of Patterns for Concept L
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assisted solution for lattice analy
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The complete lattice of the class s
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Client-Side Rendering Mechanism: A
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JavaScript code directly within the
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Fig. 6. CPU usage percentage of pre
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[9] but no validation is provided i
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scribed by the equation: where η i
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4 Model Checking DPN We use HyTech
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Recommender systems are usually cla
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such as one week and gradually dete
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Enforcing Contracts for Aspect-orie
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Table 1. Behavioral Rules in LSD [9
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1 public privileged aspect Update {
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Towards More Generic Aspect-Oriente
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vals must be denoted by some notion
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Aspect-Orientation in the Developme
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Table II SELECTED PRIMARY STUDIES #
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Evaluating Open Source Reverse Engi
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Some tools may perform the needed f
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Coordination Model to Support Visua
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this CMV approach we employee three
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colored according to the Gradient T
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Improving Program Comprehension in
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The method used to support and eval
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An Approach for Software Component
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properties. In particular, the foll
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Conference Dataset Anatomy Dataset
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equipment maintenance node may cont
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Online Anomaly Detection for Compon
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B. Monitoring Static Method Invocat
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An Exploratory Study of One-Use and
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subject also caused outliers for re
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Choosing licenses in free open sour
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The important aspect is to provide
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that holds a model of each software
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Online Probability Application Char
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TABLE II THE PARAMETERS FOR THE HAR
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[10] N. Gunther, “Hit-and-run tac
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Section 5 d iscusses some related w
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model and the analysis results. The
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tree view of UML model, as show in
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II. BACKGROUND In this section, we
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Algorithm 2 MarkStatements function
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(a) printtok (b) printtok2 (c) sche
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Gupta extended HGS and proposed the
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manage intellectual knowledge with
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D. Manage Training When any trainin
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TABLE II. COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EX
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B. Trace Semantics of DAP Fig. 1. A
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∀ [DR ′ ] []gen [; ] [D]□ [;
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transformation idea in MDA [13] . T
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MappingRule MappingTGtoHP { [Rule I
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executing a continuous transition,
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protocol of DATS we used is properl
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in Boolean search and reasoning has
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to be broken by expelling one of it
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4. i 2 Learning(DEC, mex) via Bias
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4.4. An Illustrative Example Now le
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Evolutionary Learning and Fuzzy Log
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In addition to the rules, the knowl
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As described in the previous sectio
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the ontology hierarchy; learning a
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three different learning techniques
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TABLE IX. USING SVM FOR LEARNING tr
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Siemens set contains seven C progra
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The program tcas is not included be
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esults. To be more specific, they w
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According to IEEE [10], regression
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(a) Volatility (b) Complexity (c) R
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It mimics the test engineer knowled
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integrate the test results. • Aut
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No tify the cloud controller to get
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of execution-data classification. T
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Figure 1. Boxplots of average AUC r
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anches is more applicable than the
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To validate the proposed approach,
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contains broadcast of Subject to Ob
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S 1a=1; S 2b=5; cobegin { S 3read
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level); in UML/J2EE technology [11]
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flexibility they provide to model s
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complete in zero-time, and thus hav
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figure assumes the experiment with
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and (iv) the reduced amount of line
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III.BUSINESS RULES FRAMEWORK FOR KN
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Software as a Service: Undo Hernán
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operations consist in reinjection i
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stored. If event failure, external
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ensure users the trustworthiness of
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Patient Doctor Doctor Patient Direc
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going down at a time. This is a rea
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Decidability of Minimal Supports of
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A S 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
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satisfies R( D) R( C) S 1. Compa
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Automated Generation of Concurrent
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target of testing. A blackbox test
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sequence. Each t i θ i in the firi
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SAMAT -AToolforSoftware Architectur
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Figure 4. The SAM Hierarchical Mode
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High-level Petri net Place Place Ty
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verification and thus is often limi
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equirements level, like EA-Miner [1
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eventually triggers a co mmon task.
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Input: A resource oriented workflow
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access control exists, the action i
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(ACCDA), is customized to address a
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ICrudSchema and shown in Figure 3.
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Connectors for Secure Software Arch
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Non-repudiation security service pr
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anAsynchronousCustomer InterfaceCon
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How Social Network APIs Have Ended
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OSN Social Feed Unique Features Con
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users can control the reach of thei
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Computer Forensics: Toward the Cons
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In 2009, Cohen et al. in [4] have o
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dcterms:contributor, dcterms:creato
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A Holistic Approach to Software Tra
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Figure 1. Figure 1 shows an overvie
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B. Case study in a proprietary proj
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Pointcut Design with AODL Saqib iqb
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system attributes, methods and exec
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Feature modeling and Verification b
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hasOptionalPart hasPart hasMandato
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A Context Ontology Model for Pervas
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Figure 1. UML view of the model. Th
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Figure 3. Architecture for deliveri
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Ontology-based Representation of Si
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I2Sim simulation model was transfor
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An ontology-based approach for stor
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fying the equivalences between conc
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Automatic Generation of Architectur
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we dealt w ith the verticals rules.
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different from replacing it, we dec
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Using FCA-based Change Impact Analy
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Table 2. Impact set of C1,C2,C5 cha
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Figure 3. The PF and PTS results fo
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Forecasting Fault Events in Power D
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which the airport data did not cont
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classified. Recall is the probabili
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Testing Interoperability Security P
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Figure 2. Overview of the Test Gene
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Objective Figure 4. Testing
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A New Approach to Evaluate Path Fea
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k v ( df i ) 0 , it means that the
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Model & Method Feasibility Evaluati
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Structural Testing for Multithreade
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adequate to another criterion. This
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A Tiny Specification Metalanguage W
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C. Syntax Extensions The expressive
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however, does not allow variables f
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derivation dependencies. The third
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model extension as proposed in [6].
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Figure 1. The process for engineeri
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Figure 4. The abstractions extracte
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way to detect something which could
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Algorithm 1: Algorithm to recursive
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obtain the input of experts on desi
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A. Pattern Reuse In patterns reuse
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IV. SCATTER In order to enhance pat
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These latter would be clustered acc
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described or even r etrieved, thus
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DC2AP Element and their Application
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21. Consequences Example of use DC2
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Legacy2Cloud logic. In this scope,
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2.3.1 Complementarity of MDD techno
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3.2.2 EAggregateRelationship The EA
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cess. The proposal follows the ADM
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II. OVERVIEW OF MODAL TRANSITION SY
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(1) V □ (A) ⊆ V □ (B), V ♦
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Adaptive software should basically
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F. Step S6 - Monitor at Run-Time Th
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Figure 1, a metamodel defines an XM
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Figure 3 is a feature diagram that
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ecause the system of C-net model is
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Pub-T Tc Tc Sub-T Sub-T Figu
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Visual Studio Achievements, a Visua
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the project. This achievement has t
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proposed in this work requires the
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FTS is an important research area,
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C. Dependent Variables and Measures
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D. Conclusion Validity Conclusion v
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evaluation of team productivity, qu
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Figure 3: Process Fragment Example
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complexity issues traditionally inv
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Fig. 1: Swing Framework Class Diagr
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ize:Class”, with an empty precond
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Fig. 11: Overwritten Method Fig. 12
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Investigating the use of Bayesian n
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process for the network. Thus, this
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Reuse of Experiences Applied to Req
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Step 1: To start the process, the u
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Specification of Safety Critical Sy
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current belief of agents in order t
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Using the Results from a Systematic
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obtained from the categorization of
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that automatically presents the usa
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Improving a Web Usability Inspectio
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Following the experimental methodol
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About the category “Improvements
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Identification Guidelines for the D
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created according to the preview re
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In our analysis, the “Government
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In the following, we present the re
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USE SCENARIO The application Vuelos
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[8] Mayhew, D., “The Usability En
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Interaction State Set Structure Dat
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B. Component Model Fig. 2 show s th
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As a continuation of our research w
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PROMETHEE methods [3] belong to a f
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comparison rule, a value of 1/9 is
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TABLE V: Supermatrix for the exampl
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for knowledge sharing. Based on str
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y applying hash functions to its su
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Empirical Validation of Variability
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III. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY In this sec
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Table III SPEARMAN’S CORRELATION
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A Mapping Study on Software Product
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most relevant sources in software e
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TABLE IV TOOL’S CLASSIFICATION AC
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[2] P. Clements and L. Northrop, So
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and future works. II. BACKGROUND ON
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System Advanced Standard Module A M
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Algorithm 1: Backtracking for MIN-A
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outcomes from such research fields,
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TABLE IV. CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS P
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contribution of each study was made
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assets, the plugin approach can be
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Figure 3: PlugSPL Feature Model Edi
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contributions from the several acto
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o Guideline 6.4: Softgoal dependenc
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descriptions must also b e configur
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It means that throughout the develo
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B. Instrumentation The experiment w
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• External Validity: W e have con
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II. THE PROPOSED TAXONOMY The taxon
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sub-dimension is categorized as, co
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A Proposal of Reference Architectur
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Figure. 1. Reference Architecture M
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A Variability Management Method for
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C. Correctness of configuration fil
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means patterns which are shown in s
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Tool Support for Anomaly Detection
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Figure 1. System overview of the SD
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Once the datasets were evaluated us
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Reconfiguration of Robot Applicatio
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data dependencies required for keep
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Spacemaker: Practical Formal Synthe
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Fig. 1. The ecommerce object model.
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Fig. 3. Mapping diagram for Figure
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A formal support for incremental be
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machine may be empty which should l
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software, based on revised requirem
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A Process-Based Approach to Improvi
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Appropriate processes m ust support
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Figure 2. Reordered layers of the k
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Automatic Acquisition of isA Relati
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III. VALIDATING THE DIMENSION HEADE
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The table title and the dimension s
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A light weight alternative for OLAP
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i.d. subsets of cubes focused on se
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Match production rules Enterprise S
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A Tool for Visualization of a Knowl
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other ontology visualization tools
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shown at Figure 5. Objectives are s
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Rendering UML Activity Diagrams as
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a = O1 → a → O2 b = O2 → b
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ecordProblem → A → reproducePro
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umlTUowl - A Both Generic and Vendo
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The tool’s ability to deal with S
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Elem. UML Example D 12 Harmonizing
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4) Associations: In the first test
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III. GRAPH REPRESENTATION OF CLASS
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as an add-in to popular UML m odeli
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742
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744
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746
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her necessities. However, the progr
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Figure 3. Global Log. of terms. The
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two stages. The first stage is focu
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754
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756
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758
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With the GDUC approach, we can mode
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Figure 6. Three proposals containin
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764
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766
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Proactive Two Way Mobile Advertisem
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information. If more than one adver
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Users can al so publish adv ertisem
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The COIN Platform: Supporting the M
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A-3
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Checking Contracts for AOP using XP
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Maicon B. da Silveira, 112 Aldo Dag
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Seyedehmehrnaz Mireslami, 70 Takao
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Wei Zhang, 422 Wenbo Zhang, 188 Zhi
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Desmond Greer Eric Gregoire Christi
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Poster/Demo Presenter’s Index A A
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SEKE 2012 Proceedings - Knowledge Systems Institute

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