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It is worth to point out that in recent years, there has been a new emphasis on applying formal testing to check local security policies [3, 11]. It has been argued, usually with very good arguments, both that formal methods are very appropriate to guide the development of systems and that, in practice, they are useless since software development teams are usually not very knowledgeable of formal methods in general, and have no knowledge at all of what academia is currently developing (see, for example, [9, 1] among many others). To solve this, in this paper we present our formal testing methodology [11] in an informal way. We present the modeling of the specification, the test architecture, and the test case generation using our experiences obtained from the application of our methodology in real systems. Moreover, we present a complete case study where the net of two hospitals organizations is tested. The rest of the paper is structured as follows. In Section 2 we present the environment where we apply the testing task. In Section 3 our methodology to test virtual organizations is introduced. Next, in Section 4 a complete case study where our methodology is applied is presented. Finally, in Section 5 we present the conclusions and some lines of future work. 2. Testing Hypothesis in a Organization to Organization Environment In this Section we present the Organization to Organization, in short O2O, environment that we are going to test in order to list a set of assumptions that we can assume during the testing task. We introduce the basic principles of O2O presenting our running example. This example is depicted in Figure 1. There are represented two organizations A and B that might share resources. Each organization has its local set of security policies that defines the roles and the access for its employees. This fact is graphically represented by “orgA” and “orgB” respectively. When there is an exchange of information between different organizations, the notion of local policies must be extended. According to O2O, each organization defines its own Virtual Private Organization, in short VPO. A VPO is associated with an interoperability security policy that administrate the access of external users to the organization resources. In Figure 1 we represent these VPOs as “VPO A2B ” and “VPO B2A ” respectively. In particular, VPO A2B is associated with a security policy that manages how employees from organization A, called O-grantee in O2O, may have an access to the resources of organization B, called O-grantor in O2O. An important notion in O2O is the concept of authority sphere. This sphere restricts the scope of every security rule to the organization in which the rule is applied. Each organization has its own sphere, as we can observe in Figure 1. Figure 1. Interaction in O2O. Thus, in this paper we focus in testing each authority sphere. In each authority sphere O2O uses context [7] to express different types of extra conditions or constraints that control the activation of rules expressed in the access control policy. There are several types of context defined for O2O. For instance the temporal context that depends on the time at which the subject is requesting for an access to the system or the special context that depends on the subject location. Taking into account the information provided by the contexts of the security rules, we can assume the following testing hypothesis. We are provided with a global clock to check the temporal contexts. This fact allow us to describe the scenarios for the tests using time restrictions in an easy way. We can monitor into logs at most this information: the software and the hardware architecture, the subject purpose, the system database, and the historical interactions. Each organization that belongs to a net O2O has associated a set of security policies for local employees and several VPOs, one for each organization that belongs to the net. Finally, the interoperability security policies of the VPOs are considered provided by experts in a formal way. Moreover, security policy properties such as completeness and consistency are considered verified. In particular, we say that a security policy is complete if it computes at least one decision for every incoming request, and it is consistent if for any request the policy computes at most one decision. 3. Testing Approach In this Section we present our testing approach. Our main goal is to generate test cases to stimulate the O-grantee to send specific requests to the O-grantor. These requests target the security rules to be tested. We assume that we have only access to the O-grantee system. For each request sent from the O-grantor one and only one security rule can be involved 1 . After applying the test case, we check that the set of received outputs conforms with the test case 1 Let us remark that the interoperability security policy is consistent and decision complete. 465
Figure 2. Overview of the Test Generation Framework. only if the conditions of context are satisfied. Following we present an overview of our tests suite generation framework for O2O. Graphically, it is represented in Figure 2. The process of “Automatic test case generation” receives two inputs parameters. On the one hand the specification of the system by using a formal model based on Extended Finite Automata. This model represent the joint behavior of the two systems (the O-grantor and the O-grantee). In particular, the O-grantor model describes the functional aspect of the system and the interoperability security policy [11]. On the other hand the test objectives specifying the security properties to be tested. Regarding the hole approach, these are the main concepts that allow us to describe it in detail: 1. The test architecture, 2. the systems behaviors using a formal specification language, 3. the test objectives and the test case generation, and 4. the test execution and test verdict. Let us focus in the first topic 1, by means the test architecture. Our system consists of two systems: a system that represents the O-grantee and the other one that represents the O-grantor. On the one hand, the access is done by the users of the O-grantee so the unique control point should be placed at the user side of the O-grantee that initializes the interaction between the two systems. On the other hand we have a set of compulsory minimum set of points of observation to attach to the architecture, but we are allowed to define higher number of points of observations where the exchanged data can be collected at runtime. Note that in our approach it is necessary to attach the following points of observations: those points that allow us to collect the interactions of the O-grantor with its information system which in charge of managing the security policies contexts, and those interactions between the O-grantor and the O-grantee when the information of a context are managed by the O-grantee. Now, let us focus on 2, that is the systems behaviors using a formal specification language process. The description shows the behavior of the communicating system by taking in consideration the test architecture, the interoperability security policy, and the different actions that intervene in the correct behaviors of the service. In our approach each system behavior is modeled with an Extended Finite Automaton in IF language. The extended automaton that covers the joint-behavior of the two systems is built from the automata of these systems. Next we present the following concept, by means 3: the test objectives and test generation. This task is based on selecting a set of tests according to a given criteria. These criteria are defined with respect to the security requirements to be tested. We formally define a test objective as a list of ordered conditions. This means that the conditions have to be satisfied in the order that is given by the test objective. The test case generation is guided by the set of these test objectives. The inputs of the generated test case stimulate the system O-grantee that sends specific requests to the system O-grantor. Whereas, the outputs of the test cases represent the expected behavior of the system when the security rules hold. In this step we have also to check the activation of the security rules. We define for each security rule of the interoperability security policy a test objective. Thus, we generate at least for each security rule a test case to check if the O-grantor conforms this rule. The test cases are generated from the extended automaton that covers the joint-behavior of the two systems. When we generate test cases from the extended automata (in 2) it is necessary to use some methodologies based on partial generation of the reachability graph to obtain the tests [4]. In these methods the test case generation process is guided by the test architecture and a predefined set of test objectives. Finally, to automatize the process of tests generation presented in Figure 2 we use the TestGen-IF tool [5]. This tool is open source and it accepts systems modeled with the IF language. In Figure 3 the architecture of this tool is presented. The tool allows to build tests sequences with high fault coverage and to avoid the state explosion and deadlock problems encountered respectively in exhaustive or exclusively random searches. Let us remind that in the architecture of this tool the test coverage considers a complete test generation if all set of chosen properties are specified in the test objectives. Following we present the last notion, by means 4: test execution and test verdict. In order to execute the test cases generated with TestGen-IF in an O2O scenario, it 466
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SEKE San Francisco Bay July 1-3 201
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Copyright © 2012 by Knowledge Syst
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The 24 th International Conference
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Zhenyu Chen, Nanjing University, Ch
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Riccardo Martoglia, University of M
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Poster/Demo Sessions Co-Chairs Fars
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Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness o
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Program Understanding Evaluating Op
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An Empirical Study of Execution-Dat
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Computer Forensics: Toward the Cons
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Modeling Bridging KDM and ASTM for
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A Mapping Study on Software Product
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A proposal for the improvement of t
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Panel on Future Trends of Software
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een available for analysis. Social
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The rest of this paper is orga nize
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Now we assume is given, we first pr
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“iphone” and “blackberry” a
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nique estimate the impact set based
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Figure 1. An example to illustrate
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trategy, the results should support
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Figure 1. System Architecture would
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Figure 2. Sequence Diagram of Train
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deployed on Android phone and runs
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the ontology information is only us
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Both kinds of axioms lead to an inh
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engineer and achieving requirements
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elicitation and the act ivities con
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Step 2. Step 3. 1.2. Use of Procedu
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Figure 6.b. Task: Cognitive Analysi
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original User’s Discourse / Speec
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II. RELATED WORK Business processes
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test, we did not find any significa
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For the indicator “requirements a
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the model checkers SPIN [8] and NuS
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allow for the presentation of syste
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the requirement or design phases sh
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using the CR estimates against the
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Data Set TABLE II. DATA SETS Artifa
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Figure 4. Relative Error in the Est
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Take basic requirements from user a
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sent Semantic Web Ontologies. It co
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The rest of the paper is organized
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and the risk level. Existing assess
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diagram could give developers an in
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Figure 2. Co
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• Sensor(Lexical): at the top and
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An Overview of the RSLingo Approach
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Figure 2. Overview of the RSLingo a
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DETECTING EMERGENT BEHAVIOR IN DIST
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Definition 2: For a set of MSCs M,
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Stability of Filter-Based Feature S
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Algorithm 1: Threshold-Based Featur
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MI KS GM AUC PRC S2N RUS35 RUS50 RO
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80
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82
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84
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Cloud Application Resource Mapping
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Fig. 1. UML Collaboration Diagram m
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Fig. 2. UML Activity Diagram modeli
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An Empirical Study of Software Metr
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TABLE I SOFTWARE DATASETS CHARACTER
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1) Classifiers: In this study, soft
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Progressive Clustering with Learned
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IV. DATA SOURCES We have been worki
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meta-data we assign to indicate sig
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Multi-Objective Optimization of Fuz
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uilding FNNs that satisfy different
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VI. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The presen
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Generating Performance Test Scripts
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test duration(s) for the scenario(s
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which are composed by the name and
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A Catalog of Patterns for Concept L
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assisted solution for lattice analy
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The complete lattice of the class s
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Client-Side Rendering Mechanism: A
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JavaScript code directly within the
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Fig. 6. CPU usage percentage of pre
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may introduce the extra learning cu
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[9] but no validation is provided i
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One of the st udents from Group B t
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scribed by the equation: where η i
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4 Model Checking DPN We use HyTech
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Recommender systems are usually cla
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such as one week and gradually dete
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•
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146
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Enforcing Contracts for Aspect-orie
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Table 1. Behavioral Rules in LSD [9
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1 public privileged aspect Update {
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Towards More Generic Aspect-Oriente
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vals must be denoted by some notion
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Aspect-Orientation in the Developme
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Table II SELECTED PRIMARY STUDIES #
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Evaluating Open Source Reverse Engi
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Table 1. Candidate reverse engineer
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Some tools may perform the needed f
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Coordination Model to Support Visua
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this CMV approach we employee three
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colored according to the Gradient T
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Improving Program Comprehension in
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The method used to support and eval
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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An Approach for Software Component
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properties. In particular, the foll
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Conference Dataset Anatomy Dataset
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equipment maintenance node may cont
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Online Anomaly Detection for Compon
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B. Monitoring Static Method Invocat
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undle which is responsible for pars
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An Exploratory Study of One-Use and
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Figure 1. Mindmap of Reuse Design P
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subject also caused outliers for re
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Choosing licenses in free open sour
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The important aspect is to provide
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that holds a model of each software
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Online Probability Application Char
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TABLE II THE PARAMETERS FOR THE HAR
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[10] N. Gunther, “Hit-and-run tac
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Section 5 d iscusses some related w
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model and the analysis results. The
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tree view of UML model, as show in
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II. BACKGROUND In this section, we
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Algorithm 2 MarkStatements function
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(a) printtok (b) printtok2 (c) sche
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Gupta extended HGS and proposed the
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manage intellectual knowledge with
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D. Manage Training When any trainin
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TABLE II. COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EX
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B. Trace Semantics of DAP Fig. 1. A
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∀ [DR ′ ] []gen [; ] [D]□ [;
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transformation idea in MDA [13] . T
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MappingRule MappingTGtoHP { [Rule I
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executing a continuous transition,
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protocol of DATS we used is properl
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in Boolean search and reasoning has
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to be broken by expelling one of it
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where, among other things: 1. The t
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A never-ending language learner cal
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4. i 2 Learning(DEC, mex) via Bias
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4.4. An Illustrative Example Now le
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Evolutionary Learning and Fuzzy Log
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In addition to the rules, the knowl
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As described in the previous sectio
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the ontology hierarchy; learning a
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three different learning techniques
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TABLE IX. USING SVM FOR LEARNING tr
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Siemens set contains seven C progra
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The program tcas is not included be
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esults. To be more specific, they w
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According to IEEE [10], regression
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(a) Volatility (b) Complexity (c) R
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It mimics the test engineer knowled
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integrate the test results. • Aut
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No tify the cloud controller to get
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of execution-data classification. T
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Figure 1. Boxplots of average AUC r
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anches is more applicable than the
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To validate the proposed approach,
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contains broadcast of Subject to Ob
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S 1a=1; S 2b=5; cobegin { S 3read
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.
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298
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A functionality is the ability of a
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level); in UML/J2EE technology [11]
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• to provide a unified catalogue
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flexibility they provide to model s
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complete in zero-time, and thus hav
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figure assumes the experiment with
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could be a practical way of dealing
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and (iv) the reduced amount of line
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III.BUSINESS RULES FRAMEWORK FOR KN
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explanation for why the program wan
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320
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322
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A model introducing SOAs quality at
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there exist a hierarchical ranking
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Software as a Service: Undo Hernán
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operations consist in reinjection i
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stored. If event failure, external
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ensure users the trustworthiness of
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Patient Doctor Doctor Patient Direc
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going down at a time. This is a rea
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Decidability of Minimal Supports of
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A S 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
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satisfies R( D) R( C) S 1. Compa
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Automated Generation of Concurrent
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target of testing. A blackbox test
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sequence. Each t i θ i in the firi
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SAMAT -AToolforSoftware Architectur
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Figure 4. The SAM Hierarchical Mode
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High-level Petri net Place Place Ty
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verification and thus is often limi
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(r 1 r 2 ...r k ) 1 denotes Path [r
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Fig. 3. Example a 3-compound weakly
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364
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366
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368
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necessary before verification. In t
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CTL formula as: AG (( jp EX( jp ad
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equirements level, like EA-Miner [1
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II. RESOURCE-ORIENTED WORKFLOW MODE
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eventually triggers a co mmon task.
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Input: A resource oriented workflow
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access control exists, the action i
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(ACCDA), is customized to address a
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ICrudSchema and shown in Figure 3.
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Connectors for Secure Software Arch
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Non-repudiation security service pr
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anAsynchronousCustomer InterfaceCon
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How Social Network APIs Have Ended
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OSN Social Feed Unique Features Con
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users can control the reach of thei
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Computer Forensics: Toward the Cons
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In 2009, Cohen et al. in [4] have o
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dcterms:contributor, dcterms:creato
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A Holistic Approach to Software Tra
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Page 493: Testing Interoperability Security P
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Page 515 and 516: A Tiny Specification Metalanguage W
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Page 535 and 536: A. Pattern Reuse In patterns reuse
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21. Consequences Example of use DC2
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Legacy2Cloud logic. In this scope,
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2.3.1 Complementarity of MDD techno
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3.2.2 EAggregateRelationship The EA
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cess. The proposal follows the ADM
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II. OVERVIEW OF MODAL TRANSITION SY
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(1) V □ (A) ⊆ V □ (B), V ♦
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Suppose P = 〈S P , SP i , AI P ,
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Adaptive software should basically
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A. Step S1 - Define the Business Pr
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F. Step S6 - Monitor at Run-Time Th
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Figure 1, a metamodel defines an XM
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Figure 3 is a feature diagram that
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ecause the system of C-net model is
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Pub-T Tc Tc Sub-T Sub-T Figu
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Visual Studio Achievements, a Visua
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the project. This achievement has t
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proposed in this work requires the
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FTS is an important research area,
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C. Dependent Variables and Measures
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D. Conclusion Validity Conclusion v
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evaluation of team productivity, qu
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Figure 3: Process Fragment Example
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complexity issues traditionally inv
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Fig. 1: Swing Framework Class Diagr
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ize:Class”, with an empty precond
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Fig. 11: Overwritten Method Fig. 12
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Investigating the use of Bayesian n
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process for the network. Thus, this
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Reuse of Experiences Applied to Req
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Step 1: To start the process, the u
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Specification of Safety Critical Sy
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current belief of agents in order t
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Using the Results from a Systematic
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obtained from the categorization of
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that automatically presents the usa
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Improving a Web Usability Inspectio
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Following the experimental methodol
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About the category “Improvements
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Identification Guidelines for the D
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created according to the preview re
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In our analysis, the “Government
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In the following, we present the re
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USE SCENARIO The application Vuelos
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[8] Mayhew, D., “The Usability En
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Interaction State Set Structure Dat
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B. Component Model Fig. 2 show s th
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As a continuation of our research w
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PROMETHEE methods [3] belong to a f
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comparison rule, a value of 1/9 is
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TABLE V: Supermatrix for the exampl
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for knowledge sharing. Based on str
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y applying hash functions to its su
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Empirical Validation of Variability
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III. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY In this sec
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Table III SPEARMAN’S CORRELATION
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A Mapping Study on Software Product
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most relevant sources in software e
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TABLE IV TOOL’S CLASSIFICATION AC
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[2] P. Clements and L. Northrop, So
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and future works. II. BACKGROUND ON
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System Advanced Standard Module A M
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Algorithm 1: Backtracking for MIN-A
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outcomes from such research fields,
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TABLE IV. CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS P
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contribution of each study was made
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assets, the plugin approach can be
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Figure 3: PlugSPL Feature Model Edi
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contributions from the several acto
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o Guideline 6.4: Softgoal dependenc
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descriptions must also b e configur
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It means that throughout the develo
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B. Instrumentation The experiment w
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• External Validity: W e have con
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II. THE PROPOSED TAXONOMY The taxon
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sub-dimension is categorized as, co
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A Proposal of Reference Architectur
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Figure. 1. Reference Architecture M
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A Variability Management Method for
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C. Correctness of configuration fil
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means patterns which are shown in s
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Tool Support for Anomaly Detection
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Figure 1. System overview of the SD
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Once the datasets were evaluated us
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Reconfiguration of Robot Applicatio
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data dependencies required for keep
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Spacemaker: Practical Formal Synthe
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Fig. 1. The ecommerce object model.
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Fig. 3. Mapping diagram for Figure
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A formal support for incremental be
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machine may be empty which should l
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software, based on revised requirem
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A Process-Based Approach to Improvi
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Appropriate processes m ust support
Page 733 and 734:
Figure 2. Reordered layers of the k
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Automatic Acquisition of isA Relati
Page 737 and 738:
III. VALIDATING THE DIMENSION HEADE
Page 739 and 740:
The table title and the dimension s
Page 741 and 742:
A light weight alternative for OLAP
Page 743 and 744:
i.d. subsets of cubes focused on se
Page 745 and 746:
Match production rules Enterprise S
Page 747 and 748:
A Tool for Visualization of a Knowl
Page 749 and 750:
other ontology visualization tools
Page 751 and 752:
shown at Figure 5. Objectives are s
Page 753 and 754:
Rendering UML Activity Diagrams as
Page 755 and 756:
a = O1 → a → O2 b = O2 → b
Page 757 and 758:
ecordProblem → A → reproducePro
Page 759 and 760:
umlTUowl - A Both Generic and Vendo
Page 761 and 762:
The tool’s ability to deal with S
Page 763 and 764:
Elem. UML Example D 12 Harmonizing
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4) Associations: In the first test
Page 767 and 768:
III. GRAPH REPRESENTATION OF CLASS
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as an add-in to popular UML m odeli
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742
Page 773 and 774:
744
Page 775 and 776:
746
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her necessities. However, the progr
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Figure 3. Global Log. of terms. The
Page 781 and 782:
two stages. The first stage is focu
Page 783 and 784:
754
Page 785 and 786:
756
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758
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With the GDUC approach, we can mode
Page 791 and 792:
Figure 6. Three proposals containin
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764
Page 795 and 796:
766
Page 797 and 798:
Proactive Two Way Mobile Advertisem
Page 799 and 800:
information. If more than one adver
Page 801 and 802:
Users can al so publish adv ertisem
Page 803 and 804:
The COIN Platform: Supporting the M
Page 805 and 806:
A-3
Page 807 and 808:
Checking Contracts for AOP using XP
Page 809 and 810:
Maicon B. da Silveira, 112 Aldo Dag
Page 811 and 812:
Seyedehmehrnaz Mireslami, 70 Takao
Page 813 and 814:
Wei Zhang, 422 Wenbo Zhang, 188 Zhi
Page 815 and 816:
Desmond Greer Eric Gregoire Christi
Page 817 and 818:
Poster/Demo Presenter’s Index A A
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SEKE 2012 Proceedings - Knowledge Systems Institute

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