Exceptional Argentina Di Tella, Glaeser and Llach - Thomas Piketty

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Table I: The Education and Income of Peronists and Democrats Peronists Non Peronists Democrats Republican s Percentage of group answering Family income is in Lowest 5 of 10 categories 69 59 42 29 Percentage of group answering education is in Lowest 6 of 9 categories 88 69 56 47 Note: Peronist (Non-Peronist) is the sub-sample of Argentines that declare an intention to vote for the Peronist Party (Any party that is not the Peronist Party). Democrats (Republicans) is the sub-sample of Americans declaring an intention to vote for the Democrat (Republican) Party. Family Income is the respondent’s answer to a question about total family income. Education is the respondent’s educational achievement.
Table II: The Beliefs of Peronists and Democrats: Luck vs Effort Peronists Non Peronists Democrats Republican s Laziness 39 20 49 75 Unfair Society 61 80 51 25 Ratio 0.64 0.25 0.96 3 Peronists Non Peronists Democrats Republican s Run by a few big Interests 71 95 76 68 Run for all 29 5 24 32 Ratio 2.4 19 3.2 2.1 Note: (1) Peronist (Non-Peronist) is the sub-sample of Argentines that declare an intention to vote for the Peronist Party (Any party that is not the Peronist Party). Democrats (Republicans) is the sub-sample of Americans declaring an intention to vote for the Democrat (Republican) Party. (2) “Laziness” is the fraction of these groups answering “They are poor because of laziness and lack of willpower” to the question “Why in your opinion are there people in this country who live in need?”, whereas “Unfair Society” is the group answering “They are poor because society treats them unfairly”. (3) “Run by a few big interests” is the group giving that answer to the question “Generally speaking, would you say that this country is run by a few big interests looking out for themselves, or that it is run for the benefit of all the people?”
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Exceptional Argentina Di Tella, Gla
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A third explanation of Argentina’
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Maddison's "Western Offshoots" by l
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A final point on this mechanistic a
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GDP in 1900 at 12,100 (in constant
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nationalized railways and banks, to
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country interacted with initial con
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1900. As there is an extremely stro
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Between the 1940s and 1970s income
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particularly in terms of food consu
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Even before the 2001 crisis, Argent
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Scandinavia and Northern Europe the
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Figure 4. A modified Human Developm
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Figure 6. Per capita GDP across Arg
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production 15 . Moreover, beyond st
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Figure 10. Average weight of export
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etween the prewar export-led growth
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which was wholly bound to local dem
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protectionism", certainly stronger
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agricultural pastures and cropland
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far. Argentina's differential popul
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Appendix Figure A. 1. Argentina's r
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Peru 35 38 25 34 34 34 32 29 26 27
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Like the Llach paper, the Campante
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I. Introduction Both Buenos Aires a
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across the ocean. Over the course o
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Buenos Aires’ hinterland rose dra
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significantly greater education lev
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Why is there such a difference in l
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illion dollars today). Each Chicago
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Chicago also appears to have been a
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casualties. Roca secured the presid
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capital to St. Petersburg he was pr
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and the logarithm of per capita GDP
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Moreover, years of schooling today
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y its overwhelming political import
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200 Figure 2a: Annual Wage Data 187
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Figure 3: Real Monthly Wages in Chi
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Log GDP per capita 2000 5 6 7 8 9 1
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Figure 7 Log GDP per capita 2000 7
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Table 2: Top 5 Industries in Chicag
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Table 4: 19th Century Variables and
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A simple calculation suggests that
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toy model with a minimum of paramet
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were lifted, but import taxes remai
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to compute that the MPK term above
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versus foreigners, on most occasion
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X institutions policies income p
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series variation. The coincidence o
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Figure 1—The Great Divergence and
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Figure 3—Trade taxes
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Transition Remarks The previous ess
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CHAPTER FOUR Argentine Trade Polici
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Argentine comparative advantage lie
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thousands of product lines in Argen
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Japan). Third, the agricultural pro
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different preferences over trade pr
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two nomenclatures had to be manuall
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esult, soybeans were finally adopte
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Figure 1 Trade Openness Exports + I
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Figure 5 Relative Sectoral Protecti
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Figure 7 Average Export Taxes 0 10
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Figure 9 Average Export Taxes at 2-
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Figure 11 Evolution of Argentine Ag
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Figure 13 Yields in Agriculture: Wh
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Table 2 Livestock per Capita 1895 C
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Table 5 Mean Share of Exports (Impo
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Table 7 Tariff Statistics for perio
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Table 9 Evolution of Industrial Pro
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CHAPTER FIVE Path-Dependent Import-
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actors, and they were demanding pro
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the primary sector, using land and
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Figure 1: The Long Run: Four Region
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Finally, in the reversal of pattern
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Figure 3: Medium Run Preferences ov
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sector to give rise to a protection
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technological improvements or incre
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Argentina did relatively well when
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World War, a second globalization e
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Argentine primary sector and ensure
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Clearly, world market conditions we
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for the years to come. The most imp
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governments zigzagged in their poli
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public spending on infrastructure s
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understand the rise of the urban-ru
Page 171 and 172: To sum up, by the beginning of the
Page 173 and 174: has a comparative advantage in the
Page 175 and 176: L λ = m L K κ = m K That is, λ i
Page 177 and 178: K c a = 1− α 1−α T A ( κ )
Page 179 and 180: Given a set of parameters ϒ , φ a
Page 181 and 182: consumption of good i. For any agen
Page 183 and 184: Proposition 3 In the short run, pro
Page 185 and 186: ρ 1/ 1 ρ ρ 1 ( ξ ξ ) 1 TT K ,
Page 187 and 188: Up to 2008, the FPV government had
Page 189 and 190: negative correlation between the pr
Page 191 and 192: policies would, supposedly, eviscer
Page 193 and 194: I. Introduction In a seminal study,
Page 195 and 196: terms, Peronist beliefs in the 1990
Page 197 and 198: Several authors have emphasized the
Page 199 and 200: foreign capital and trade as the gl
Page 201 and 202: of already available information. A
Page 203 and 204: having the need to do more than wak
Page 205 and 206: Argentines (who implement these pol
Page 207 and 208: opinion about elements of capitalis
Page 209 and 210: intense (the proportion is under 1.
Page 211 and 212: involved in social ordering that wi
Page 213 and 214: cost of the deviating firm, since w
Page 215 and 216: Admissible Region Bounds on w b Nex
Page 217 and 218: The previous proposition may be par
Page 219 and 220: and note that Peron insists on the
Page 221: Appendix 2: Definitions of Variable
Page 225 and 226: Transition Remarks The previous cha
Page 227 and 228: CHAPTER SEVEN A Short Episodic Hist
Page 229 and 230: the income distribution between 193
Page 231 and 232: empirical evidence and on existing
Page 233 and 234: of commodities. The country was off
Page 235 and 236: accounts increased by 8% between 19
Page 237 and 238: Argentina in 1942 (4.1%) is not ver
Page 239 and 240: This change in inequality is also r
Page 241 and 242: 1982, when Mexico’s default on it
Page 243 and 244: 1995. While growth bounced back qui
Page 245 and 246: The main characteristics of this ep
Page 247 and 248: skilled workers that more than offs
Page 249 and 250: Household Expenditure Survey. An in
Page 251 and 252: The relationship between internatio
Page 253 and 254: machinery and equipment can acceler
Page 255 and 256: occurred not only in production tec
Page 257 and 258: a relative abundance of rents to sh
Page 259 and 260: even when the number of well-off in
Page 261 and 262: and similar patterns emerge when co
Page 263 and 264: This chapter described the level an
Page 265 and 266: Transition Remarks Economic success
Page 267 and 268: CHAPTER EIGHT Why do Argentines tru
Page 269 and 270: in the 1970s and 1980s. Despite the
Page 271 and 272: Figure 5. Percentage of the populat
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analysis of the Argentinean and Chi
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observationally equivalent individu
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the low rank policeman. 13 4. The C
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Figure 7. Share of people having a
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6. Why did the Argentinean Police d
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instability, σ, a worried leader h
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the deeper question of why the Arge
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Table 2. Comparative facts for cano
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of formal education, whereas in the
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only bargaining tool to get money.
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Table 6. Tierra del Fuego Subinspec
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4. Police deaths during the 20th ce
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Of course, these conclusions depend
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“stop go” dynamics 4 ). In fact
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income distribution and earnings gr
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Figure 2. Basic Statistics Food Clo
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Table 2 Dep. Var.: Share of food Sm
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Figure 3. Variety in food retailing
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Table 3 Dep. Var.: Share of food at
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3.3 Income distribution effects The
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Figure 6. Individual Effects Using
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Expenditure Income 5000 6000 4000 4
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Figure 10. Income distribution Dens
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Appendix A: Estimation strategy Est
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w ijt where [ ln( 1+ ∏ ) − ln(
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2.2 Income distribution effects Fol
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Appendix B: The data To run our est
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Appendix C: Additional tables C1: B
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C3: Table 3 coefficients Dummy for
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CONCLUSION 20 th century Argentina
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can be harbingers of worse things t
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Ahumada, Hildegart, Alfredo Canaves
Page 337 and 338:
Barro, Robert J. 2005. “Rare Even
Page 339 and 340:
Burzaco, Eugenio et al. 2004. “Ma
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Cortés Conde, Roberto and María M
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Di Tella, Rafael, Juan Dubra and Ro
Page 345 and 346:
Gaggero, Horacio and Alicia Garro.
Page 347 and 348:
Gerchunoff, Pablo, Fernando Rocchi
Page 349 and 350:
James, Daniel. 1988. “October 17
Page 351 and 352:
Maddison, Angus. 2006. The World Ec
Page 353 and 354:
Piketty, T. 2003. “Income Inequal
Page 355 and 356:
Spiller, Pablo and Mariano Tommasi.
Page 357:
Williamson, Jeffrey G. 1995. “The
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