Powertrain 2020 - The Future Drives Electric (PDF ... - Roland Berger

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1.2 Regulatory framework
The world's leading economies have developed a wide range of instruments
aimed at reducing emissions and lessening their dependence on oil imports.
Their approach has two prongs. On the one hand, they are trying to force
OEMs to come up with more fuel-efficient vehicles. They do this by means
of tighter regulations, harsher penalties, subsidies for research and development
and industrialization programs. On the other hand, they are trying to
steer demand from end customers toward forms of private transportation
that are less damaging to the environment. This they do with the help of
tax incentives, subsidies and other local instruments.
1.2.1 Government targets for new vehicle sales
CO 2 emissions and fuel efficiency regulations
Several major countries across the world have established targets for CO 2
emissions and/or fuel efficiency. The European Union currently has the
most stringent targets. By 2012 the average CO 2 emissions of an automaker's
annual new car sales should not exceed 130 g/km in the EU (applies
to 65% of the fleet, gradually increased up to 100% by 2015). By 2020 the
target is likely to be 95 g/km. This represents an average fuel consumption
of roughly 4 liters of gasoline, or 3.6 liters of diesel, per 100 km.