Powertrain 2020 - The Future Drives Electric (PDF ... - Roland Berger

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46 | Study The exact chemical make-up of the cathode and the electrolyte can vary, and precise details are carefully guarded by key players in the field. For the anode, most manufacturers use a copper foil coated with graphite. Most of today's Li-Ion batteries produced for consumer electronic goods use CoO 2 or MnO 2 (cobalt-oxide or manganese-oxide) cathodes. These cathodes have a proven production process technology. For vehicle applications, however, the material has a number of drawbacks. Problems include limited cycle times (the number of charging processes before the battery loses a significant amount of its energy capacity) and thermal instability in case of malfunction. For this reason, manufacturers are putting a great deal of effort into developing an alternative chemical make-up that will meet the requirements of vehicle applications. Current focus of R&D To reach the usual 150,000 km driving range of vehicles, built-in batteries need to withstand more than 1,000 charging cycles without losing too much capacity. The batteries must also pass crash and malfunction tests. Current development efforts also focus on improving energy density, reducing production costs and speeding up the charging time. A key lever for improvements is the chemical composition of the electrodes, especially the cathode, electrolyte and separator material. Researchers are looking into using different chemical components in conjunction with lithium.
47 | "Powertrain 2020 – The Future Drives Electric" Another area of investigation is the surface structure of the individual components at a nano level. The hope is that it will be possible to find a way to improve the traveling behavior of the Li-Ions and so optimize cycle and charging times. Because of the number of cells needed in vehicle batteries, much effort is also going into developing and improving battery management systems. These systems monitor the battery performance on a continuous basis, right down to the cell level. The first Li-Ion batteries on the market, such as those used in the Mitsubishi iMiEV introduced in Japan in July 2009, already seem to meet the necessary lifetime and safety requirements of car manufacturers. In terms of driving range, we expect to see continuous improvement in energy density over the coming years. This should reach up to 180 Wh/kg on a battery system level by 2020. Costs Major battery manufacturers are currently building up production capacity so as to be able to meet the demand expected in the coming two to three years. Production lines have been put in place for several million cells per annum.
Page 1: Michael Valentine-Urbschat, Dr. Wol
Page 4 and 5: 2 | Study Contents Executive summar
Page 6 and 7: 4 | Study 1. High-power and high-en
Page 8 and 9: 6 | Study Introduction There can be
Page 10 and 11: 8 | Study These developments have r
Page 12 and 13: 10 | Study To achieve this ambitiou
Page 14 and 15: 12 | Study 1.2 Regulatory framework
Page 16 and 17: 14 | Study The Chinese domestic aut
Page 18 and 19: 16 | Study 1.2.2 Support for resear
Page 20 and 21: 18 | Study 1.2.3 Steering demand In
Page 22 and 23: 20 | Study 1.2.4 Authorities and lo
Page 24 and 25: 22 | Study In Japan, Honda's new mi
Page 26 and 27: 24 | Study Full hybrid powertrains
Page 28 and 29: 26 | Study Most of the technologies
Page 30 and 31: 28 | Study
Page 32 and 33: 30 | Study If most of the powertrai
Page 34 and 35: 32 | Study OEMs selling in the Euro
Page 36 and 37: 34 | Study PHEVs can take a number
Page 38 and 39: 36 | Study The new versions will mo
Page 40 and 41: 38 | Study For high-end application
Page 42 and 43: 40 | Study To follow the path of le
Page 44 and 45: 42 | Study Battery charger When an
Page 46 and 47: 44 | Study But Li-Ion batteries hav
Page 50 and 51: 48 | Study Battery costs will mainl
Page 52 and 53: 50 | Study To summarize, battery te
Page 54 and 55: 52 | Study 2.2.3.5 Conclusions As w
Page 56 and 57: 54 | Study 3. Scenarios for the dev
Page 58 and 59: 56 | Study 3.2.1 Meeting customers'
Page 60 and 61: 58 | Study Model 2: "Like gas stati
Page 62 and 63: 60 | Study The first generation of
Page 64 and 65: 62 | Study 3.2.2 Attractive pricing
Page 66 and 67: 64 | Study Driver 3b: Battery price
Page 68 and 69: 66 | Study For all intents and purp
Page 70 and 71: 68 | Study Given these uncertaintie
Page 72 and 73: 70 | Study 4. Impact on the mobilit
Page 74 and 75: 72 | Study 4.2.2 Raw materials for
Page 76 and 77: 74 | Study At the same time, key Eu
Page 78 and 79: 76 | Study 4.4.1 Financial burden a
Page 80 and 81: 78 | Study 4.5 Infrastructure and e
Page 82 and 83: 80 | Study 4.7 Summary The coming c
Page 84 and 85: 82 | Study What does the story of t
Page 86 and 87: 84 | Study But, in addition to all
Page 88 and 89: 86 | Study Synthesis: Define your g
Page 90 and 91: 88 | Study Step 3: Define your posi
Page 92 and 93: 90 | Study > In early phases, autom
Page 94 and 95: 92 | Study Implementation and timin
Page 96 and 97: 94 | Study Co-authors Ralf Kalmbach
Page 98:
96 | Study Co-authors Jesus Salvado
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Powertrain 2020 - The Future Drives Electric (PDF ... - Roland Berger

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