Powertrain 2020 - The Future Drives Electric (PDF ... - Roland Berger

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"Powertrain 2020 – The Future Drives Electric"
In the US, the current CAFE fuel-efficiency targets for passenger cars and
light trucks in 2020 are just 35 miles per gallon of fuel, the equivalent of
almost 6.7 liters of fuel per 100 km. However, the Obama administration
has announced that it will be bringing this target forward to 2016. In
California, the Air Resources Board (CARB) has set the 2020 fuel-efficiency
target at 42.5 mpg (5.6 liters per 100 km).
California was also the originator of the Zero Emissions Vehicle (ZEV) Mandate,
which requires OEMs to produce a certain percentage of ZEVs for sale
in the state. By the end of 2008, more than ten US states had adopted this
legislation. Under the ZEV Mandate, an OEM with a 10% market share in
these states would have to sell 3,000 ZEVs or 7,500 enhanced advanced
technology partial zero emission vehicles (AT-PZEV) – vehicles utilizing
fuel that can be used in a ZEV, i.e. PHEVs and hydrogen internal combustion
engine vehicles (HICEVs).
The Japanese government first established fuel economy standards for
gasoline- and diesel-powered light-duty passenger and commercial vehicles
in 1999 under its "Top Runner" energy efficiency program. Current fuel
economy targets for 2015 are in line with those established in Europe. Fuel
economy targets are based on weight class. Assuming that the ratio of each
segment remains constant, the fuel efficiency target for 2015 is 16.8 km per
liter (5.9 liters per 100 km).