Learning by Doing: CISCO Certified Network ... - SCN Research

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The Type-of-Service field is 8 bits long. The first three bits are not used anymore. The next four are the “type of service” bits and the last bit is always set to zero because it is not used. Only one of the four “type of service” bits can be set to a one at a time while all other bits are set to zero. These indicate what type of service will be performed. The types of service are given by: Type of Service Binary Hexadecimal Normal service 0000 0x00 NNTP (Usenet news) 0001 0x02 IGP/SNMP 0010 0x04 FTP data//SMTP data/ 0100 0x08 DNS zone xfr/ Telnet/Rlogin/DNS UDP query/SMTP command phase/TFTP 1000 0x10 The Length field is the length of the IP datagram portion in bytes (maximum size of 65536 bytes). The Identification field contains a unique number for each sent packet. It is 16 bits and given in hexadecimal. The Flags field uses one bit of it’s 3 bits to identify that “this packet is part of a larger packet that has been fragmented.” The Fragment Offset field contains the extra information required with a fragmented packet. The last of this 13-bit field is able to tell the sending node to “never fragment the packet.” If fragmentation is needed and this bit is set it will generate an error message and the information will not be processed. Ahh…playground of the hackers. The Time to Live (TTL) field sets the maximum number of hops (or routers) that the packet can pass through on the way to its destination. The Protocol (Prot) field shows which protocol was used to encapsulate and create the data. This field is 8 bits long. The Header Checksum (HC) is an error control mechanism for this point to the end of the data field. It is 16 bits long. The Source Address (SA) is the logical address (IP) of the networking device sending the information. This is 32 bits in hexadecimal. Notice how in IP the source address comes before the destination address. The Destination Address (DA) is the logical address (IP) of the networking device the information is going to be sent to. This is 32 bits in hexadecimal. 79
The Options (Opt) field can vary in length and is set to accommodate options with IP including security. Again, playground for hackers. Pad bytes of 0 are added here if needed to make the minimum Ethernet packet size. Last the data field comes. This will vary based upon which type of Ethernet is encapsulating it. Supplemental Lab or Challenge Activity: 1. Go out and research the latest RFC’s related to IP addressing and Ethernet structure. 2. Go out to the website for National Semiconductor and download the technical specifications for Ethernet cards. They are very technical but have some good information. So What Have I Learned Here? You have learned the complicated structures of Ethernet in networking. For your CCNA test you will probably not have anything this extensive and detailed. But when you get to the lab on using protocol inspectors it will be easier to understand. 80
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Learning by Doing: CISCO Certified
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About the Author Matthew Basham is
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Acknowledgements Preface Table of C
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Basic Access Control Lists 342 Exte
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Searching CISCO for CCNA Test infor
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Figure 5—Scroll down to CCNA exam
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Objective: This lab is designed to
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g. If you really have some time to
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C:\ |___CDDROM\ |___MY_Documents\ |
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Sometimes we do not always know or
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find format keyb label mode more nl
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WINREP.EXE WINFILE.EXE WINHELP.EXE
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pause copy c:\temp\matt.txt c:\temp
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Cool Windows 95/98 Utilities KRNL38
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Changing TCP/IP Settings on Your Co
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Gateway Tab Figure 4—Putting in a
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Paper Lab: ICONS for Computer Diagr
Page 35 and 36: CISCO Net Ranger—CISCO security d
Page 37 and 38: Laptop—ditto. File server—Used
Page 39 and 40: Firewall—Network Address Translat
Page 41 and 42: Paper Lab: Proper Cable for the Pro
Page 43 and 44: Rollover (ro): Used for connecting
Page 45 and 46: Change hubs to switches: 38
Page 47 and 48: Add in a web access: DSU/CSU WWW 40
Page 49 and 50: 4. Click on the file and print shar
Page 51 and 52: Figure 7—Selecting the options fo
Page 53 and 54: You should see something like this:
Page 55 and 56: purpose. Check your documentation.
Page 57 and 58: Now along the column headings we se
Page 59 and 60: Let’s try another one: 223. Start
Page 61 and 62: Then, using a different color marke
Page 63 and 64: Let me just walk through one more
Page 65 and 66: 2 7 2 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 0 128
Page 67 and 68: For example, lets convert the binar
Page 69 and 70: To convert a large hexadecimal numb
Page 71 and 72: Network Data Link Physical Provides
Page 73 and 74: Encapsulation As we move down the O
Page 75 and 76: Session Transport Network Data Link
Page 77 and 78: Objective: To be able to learn more
Page 79 and 80: There are all kinds of other topolo
Page 81 and 82: Supplemental Lab or Challenge Activ
Page 83 and 84: The Start of Frame Delimiter (SOF)
Page 85: The Control (con) is 1 byte long an
Page 89 and 90: only one port at a time. The hub al
Page 91 and 92: 1 3 5 7 Workstation Workstation Wor
Page 93 and 94: Supplemental Labs or Challenge Acti
Page 95 and 96: 9. Collision Domains: ____________
Page 97 and 98: Paper Lab: Subnetting Objective: To
Page 99 and 100: 12. Routers pass packets between __
Page 101 and 102: 2. Which of the following dotted no
Page 103 and 104: 18. Select the IP address for the s
Page 105 and 106: 12. What is the decimal to binary c
Page 107 and 108: 4. How many possible subnets can be
Page 109 and 110: 16. How would the host field be exp
Page 111 and 112: Subnet masking 1. How would the sub
Page 113 and 114: Whole enchilada problems 1. Which o
Page 115 and 116: Objective: To learn how to design n
Page 117 and 118: Subnetting Example: John’s Brewho
Page 119 and 120: Intermediate DOS Lab: Troubleshooti
Page 121 and 122: 7. We know we have good connections
Page 123 and 124: DHCP Lab Objective: To learn about
Page 125 and 126: 5. Notice how our address may diffe
Page 127 and 128: Free Protocol Inspector Objective:
Page 129 and 130: Objective: To learn how to use a pr
Page 131 and 132: Notice how we have three frames wit
Page 133 and 134: 5. Type cd pub to change to the pub
Page 135 and 136: Protocols and the OSI Model Objecti
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DECnet Suite OSI Model 7 Protocol 6
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Layer 2 Technologies: LAN’s OSI M
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Supplemental Labs or Challenge Acti
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Once you click “connect” you sh
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Fun Ports to Surf with Telnet To op
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6. Make sure you have the following
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(Step 1) Configure a connection on
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. Double-click on “dial-up networ
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Step-By-Step Instructions: 1. You a
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Figure 5d—Isn’t that nice? 4. C
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Your Modem and You Objective: This
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AT&F load factory defaults and sett
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Part 2: Basic Routing I 154
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More importantly to you right now i
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Ethernet Console AUX Power Power Po
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Objective: To become familiar with
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9. Write down what you see on the w
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outer#terminal history size 5 17. U
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Other modes you may use include: co
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Objectives: To more fully understan
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So let’s look at a boot sequence
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Step-by-Step Instructions: 1. Hook
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NVRAM Flash RAM/DRAM ROM CPU Serial
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Basic Router Configuration Objectiv
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8. Once you have determined that yo
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Basic Rip Objectives: To learn abou
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It’s ok if you see it, but you pr
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Gateway of last resort is not set C
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Supplemental Lab or Challenge Activ
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Step-by-Step Instructions: 1. Troub
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Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops
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1 192.168.30.2 16 msec 16 msec * Ra
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5. Finally, do not forget about tho
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Loopback Interfaces Objectives: To
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2. We can use a loopback interface
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C:\WINDOWS\Desktop>ping 22.22.22.22
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Basic RIP with Protocol Inspector O
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5. Wait two minutes. Remember, you
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Router Telnet Lab Objective: To lea
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william#debug telnet Incoming Telne
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Addressing: Routers Hostnames Phibe
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On Optik you should see: optik#debu
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Scenario 3: Hostnames Phiber Optik
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5. Setup the workstations with IP a
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RIP metrics and the Limitations of
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Interface Send Recv Key-chain Ether
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Step-by-Step Instructions: 1. Cable
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Subnetting with DHCP Objectives: To
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Objective: To learn how to implemen
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So What Have I Learned Here? In thi
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Workstations A B IP 161.20.2.2 161.
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Now let’s explore some of the oth
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Overcoming Problems with Routing Lo
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RIP Version 2 and Redistribution wi
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9. Use your knowledge of debug comm
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Prompt Command Shortcut Description
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Design a network using VLSM and the
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Troubleshooting scenarios for Part
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Switch Maintenance Objective: In th
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Remember how we just put in a passw
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Just click on “yes” to clear th
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Step-By-Step Instructions: 1. You s
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Figure 2—STP showing cost of 10.
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Intermediate STP Objective: To be a
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connection to the root switch. That
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8. Change the cost of port 7 back t
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4. Now we need to assign ports to t
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c. Click on [A] for add a VLAN (thi
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Mixing it up: VLAN’s with STP Obj
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Subnetting Example: ABC Packaging O
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4. Stop the capture. You should see
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Part 3 Command Review Objective: To
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Whole Enchilada/Crazy Insano Lab #1
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Paper Lab: CISCO Three-Layer Hierar
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Protocol Deathmatch: RIP versus RIP
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company and control access between
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Step-By-Step Instructions: 1. Set u
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Guest Router Name Derivation In 199
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Workstations A B IP 200.150.100.2 2
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I 202.150.100.0/24 [100/8576] via 2
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Here we can see the entry for netwo
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Redistribution of IGRP and RIP Obje
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3. Now we can see how this affects
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dennis(config)#router rip dennis(co
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Gateway of last resort is not set I
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to add the extra metrics statements
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7. Notice the reachable/not reachab
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(VLSM/CIDR). OSPF on a wider scale
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wash# leung#sh ip ospf Routing Proc
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Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Objec
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3. Let’s add in the BGP. It too u
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BGP table version is 24, local rout
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What time interval for each protoco
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Basic IP/IPX with Dynamic Routing O
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gibson#ping ipx 0000.1234.1111 % Un
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gibson#debug ipx sap ? activity IPX
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IPX Lab Diagram: network 100 enc SA
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7. Now let’s try that ping IPX ag
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Objective: To learn how to create w
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Paper Lab: Access Control Lists Obj
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Now we just need to do the second s
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Now let’s try to “free-hand”
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4. Make four text files and put one
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10. Try the shortcut to the 192.168
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Objective: To implement an extended
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8. Now let’s try the show access
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Objective: To implement a named acc
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actually build a mini-protocol insp
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Log Buffer (4096 bytes): 00:27:14:
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Firewall Basics using Reflexive ACL
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7. Even though that ACL works let
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Registering for Your CCNA Exam Obje
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3. Configure the router to receive
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Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) Objec
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MTU 1500 bytes, BW 128 Kbit, DLY 20
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So what have I learned here? In thi
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PAP (Password Authentication Protoc
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00:54:36: Se0/0 IPCP: O CONFREQ [Cl
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4. Let’s turn off debugging. Use
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20. 01:24:46: Se0/1 LCP: MagicNumbe
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“real-world” scenario. Undo all
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Remote Access DUN with PPP Encapsul
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lord(config)#ipx routing 0000.BBBB.
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Setting up a Router to be a Frame R
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Objective: To learn how to set up a
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turner#sh frame-relay pvc PVC Stati
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Step-By-Step Instructions: 1. Cable
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Fully-Meshed Frame Relay with 3 Rou
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Shadow 16 17 18 18 Diekman 17 16 Kn
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interface connections for #16 and #
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Frame Relay Operation and Troublesh
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network we will see all but our own
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7. Wrong ip address/mask Here I jus
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outer#sh frame map Serial0/0 (up):
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3. Configure the ISDN interface on
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Challenge Lab or Supplemental Activ
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3. Configure the ISDN interface on
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00:21:08: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line
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Data Link Layer Two things happen h
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00:13:27: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line
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In line 1 we see our Q931 requestin
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Type escape sequence to abort. Send
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36. IPCP: Install route to 192.168.
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Last C/I to ISDN transceiver: AI:Ac
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kissane#sh controller bri BRI unit
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05:04:35: BR0/0:2 DDR: disconnectin
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Type escape sequence to abort. Send
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Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1
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kissane#debug ppp nego PPP protocol
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kissane#debug ppp nego PPP protocol
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06:47:25: BR0/0:1 PPP: Treating con
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Step-By-Step Instructions: 1. Confi
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7. Try to ping the loopback. You sh
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Frame Relay with ISDN Backup Object
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So what have I learned here? In thi
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Coming In the Next Version of the T
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Did you like this book? There’s m
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