Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology - CYF MEDICAL DISTRIBUTION

BENZIMIDAZOLES
Table 10.3 Internal parasiticide spectrum of activity (continued)
Active
constituent(s)
(administered orally
unless otherwise
stated)
Dose
rate
(mg/kg)
Indications
Spirometra
Echinococcus
Taenia spp
Dipylidium
T vulpis
U stenocephala
A braziliense
A tubaeforme
A caninum
Heartworm Roundworms Hookworms W Tapeworm Other
T leonina
TP/TM canis
Microfilariae (L1)
Adults
L3/4/5
Species
Class
T canis
T cati
BZ
CES
ML
THP
BZ
CES
THP
THP
THP
BZ
THP
ML
THP
CES
THP
CES
THP
THP
CES
Oxibendazole +
Praziquantel +
Abamectin
Pyrantel (embonate) +
Febantel +
Praziquantel
Pyrantel (embonate) +
Oxantel (embonate)
Pyrantel (embonate) +
Febantel
Pyrantel (embonate) +
Ivermectin
Pyrantel (embonate) +
Niclosamide
monohydrate
Pyrantel (embonate) +
Praziquantel
Pyrantel (embonate) +
Oxantel (embonate) +
Praziquantel
22.5
5
0.01
5/20
25
5
5
20
5
15
5
0.006
20
169
20
5
5
20
5
D ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
D ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ G
D ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
D ✓ ✓
✓ ✓ ✓
✓
D ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
C ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
C ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
D ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
ABBREVIATIONS: ✓ approved claim, + efficacy established but claim not currently approved. TP transplacental, TM transmammary,
D Demodex, F fleas, G Giardia, S Sarcoptes, L lice, Lw lungworm, O Otodectes, T ticks, N nasal mite, P prevention, W whipworm, As arsenical,
CES cestocide, DEP depsipeptide, IGR insect growth regulator; IT imidazothiazole, MIS miscellaneous, ML macrocyclic lactone, NN neonicotinoid;
OC organochlorine, OP organophosphate, PIP piperazine, THP tetrahydropyrimidine; 1 ivermectin control of adult heartworm in dogs associated
with progressive arterial disease; 2 6–12 months protection of heartworm disease, hookworm control at time of treatment only.
Mebendazole
[5-benzoyl-1 H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamic ester methyl
ester.
Flubendazole
[5-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1
acid methyl ester.
H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamic
Clinical applications
Mebendazole was patented by Janssen Pharmaceutica
of Belgium in 1971 and has been used widely in dogs
and cats for the control of nematodes (3-day regimen)
and Taenia spp (5-day regimen).
Formulations and dose rates
See Table 10.3.
Adverse effects
The acute oral LD 50 of mebendazole in dogs and cats
exceeds 640 mg/kg. However, idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity
has been described in dogs receiving routine use
rates and at 33 mg/kg for 5 days.
Clinical applications
Flubendazole is the para-fluoro analog of mebendazole
and was first described by Janssen Pharmaceutica in
1971. The efficacy and safety profiles are similar to
those of mebendazole, although it appears more active
against Trichuris vulpis and in some species flubendazole
is better tolerated and use has not been associated
with hepatotoxicity. Experimental formulations of
flubendazole administered parenterally have shown a
high level of efficacy against macrofilarial parasites such
as Dirofilaria immitis.
Formulations and dose rates
See Table 10.3.
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