Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology - CYF MEDICAL DISTRIBUTION

CHAPTER 10 ANTIPARASITIC DRUGS
Parasite*
Transitory flea
infestations:
Archaeopsylla erinacei
(European hedgehog
fl e a )
Spilopsyllus cuniculi
(European rabbit flea)
Cediopsylla simplex
(American rabbit flea)
Hoplopsyllus anomalus
(wild rodent flea)
Chaetopsylla spp
(parasitic on canid,
hyaenid, ursid and
mustelid carnivorans)
Xenopsylla cheopis (rat
fl e a )
Linognathus setosus
(phth) (d)
Trichodectes canis (phth)
(d)
Heterodoxus spiniger
(phth) (d)
Felicola subrostrata
(phth) (c)
Transitory lice
infestations:
Pediculus capitus (human
head louse)
Phthirus pubis (human
crab louse)
Cuterebra spp (esp,
fontinella) (fly) (d,c)
Dermatobia hominis (fly)
(d,c)
Cordylobia
anthropophaga (fly) (d)
Wohlfahrtia spp (vigil,
opaca) (fly) (d,c)
Wohlfahrtia magnifica
(fly) (d,c)
Cochliomyia
hominovorax (fly) (d,c)
Chrysomya bezziana (fly)
(d,c)
Other wound myiasis
flies:
Sarcophaga spp, Musca
spp, Calliphora spp
Potential sources of
infection
Direct contact with
principal host or
infected environment
Public health significance
Signal
Xenopsylla cheopis can
transmit Yersinia pestis
and the agent of murine
typhus, Rickettsia
mooseri
Treatment options in
dogs and cats
Adulticides as for C. felis
Comments
Most commonly
encountered in
hunting and roaming
cats and dogs where
transient exposure
may allow
transmission of a
number of important
diseases
Direct contact None Adulticides as for C. felis Sucking louse
Direct contact None Adulticides as for C. felis Biting louse. IH of
Dipylidium caninum
Direct contact None Adulticides as for C. felis Biting louse. IH of
Acanthocheilonema
reconditum
Direct contact None Adulticides as for C. felis Biting louse
Human
First stage larvae in
environment
Transport hosts
(hematophagous
insects) deposit larvae
on skin
First stage larvae in
environment
Signal
Direct infection
Signal
Signal
Adulticides as for C. felis
Physical removal,
ivermectin
Physical removal,
ivermectin
Control necessitates
treatment of human
source of infection.
No significant
environmental
reservoir
Larvae migrate in
fascial planes and
third stage larvae
usually in subcutis of
neck
Larvae develop in
furuncle in subcutis
Signal Physical removal Tumbu fly. Larvae
penetrate and
develop within skin
Adult fly larviposits on skin Signal Ivermectin, other MLs,
OPs (nitenpyram)
Adult fly deposits larvae
directly into wounds or
body openings
Adult fly oviposits adjacent
to wound
Adult fly oviposits adjacent
to wound
Adult flies oviposit in
wounds
Signal
Signal
Signal
None
Ivermectin, other MLs,
OPs (nitenpyram)
Ivermectin, other MLs,
OPs nitenpyram
Ivermectin, other MLs,
OPs (nitenpyram)
Debridement, ivermectin,
other MLs, OPs
(nitenpyram)
New World flesh fly.
Cause of furuncular
myiasis
Old World flesh fly.
Larvae cause
massive tissue
destruction as they
develop
New World
screwworm. Larvae
develop only in living
tissue
Old World screwworm.
Larvae develop only
in living tissue
Attracted to infected,
soiled wounds,
especially if myiasis
already established
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