Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology - CYF MEDICAL DISTRIBUTION

APPENDIX: PARASITES OF DOGS AND CATS
Parasite*
Hepatozoon americanum
(prot) (d)
Trypanosoma cruzi (prot)
(d)
Aorta
Spirocerca lupi (nem) (d)
Veins
Heterobilharzia
americana (trem) (d)
Schistosoma spp (esp
japonica) (trem) (d,c)
Potential sources of
infection
Vector borne (Reduviids –
Triatomae spp – kissing
bugs). Blood transfusion
IH (freshwater snails)
Infection via skin
penetration of cercariae
IH (freshwater snails)
Infection via skin
penetration of cercariae
Public health significance
Signal
None
Signal
Can cause serious disease
in humans
Treatment options in
dogs and cats
Nifurtimox, benznidazole
(trifluralin, albaconazole)
Fenbendazole,
praziquantel
(Fenbendazole,
praziquantel)
Comments
See Muscular system
American
trypanosomiasis,
Chagas’ disease
See Esophagus
Adults present in
mesenteric veins.
Eggs enter intestine
and passed in feces
Adults present in
mesenteric veins.
Eggs enter intestine
and passed in feces
Blood
Dirofilaria immitis (nem)
(d,c)
Microfilaria. See Heart
and pulmonary
artery
D. repens (nem) (d) (Doramectin) Microfilaria. See Skin
Acanthocheilonema
(Dipetalonema)
reconditum (nem) (d)
Brugia spp (esp. malayi,
pahangi, patei) (nem)
(d,c)
Babesia canis (3
subspecies: canis,
vogeli and rossi) (prot)
(d)
Babesia gibsoni (2
subspecies: North
American and Asian)
(prot) (d)
Tick borne (Rhipicephalus
sanguineus,
Dermacentor spp)
Tick borne
(Haemaphysalis
bispinosa, Rhipicephalus
sanguineus)
Signal (of vector ticks.
Canine babesias not yet
described in man)
Signal (of vector ticks.
Canine babesias not yet
described in man)
(Diethylcarbamazine)
Imidocarb, diminazene,
phenamidine,
pentamidine, trypan
blue, quinuronium,
(clindamycin)
Diminazene, phenamidine,
pentamidine
(clindamycin),
atovaquone +
azithromycin
and subcutis
Microfilaria See Skin
and subcutis
Microfilaria in blood.
See adults in
Lymphatics
Supportive treatment
important, many
dogs recover without
specific treatment.
Coinfection with
Ehrlichia canis not
uncommon.
Supportive treatment
important, generally
more pathogenic
than B. canis
Babesia felis (prot) (c) Vectors not known None primaquine Highly pathogenic
species
Cytauxzoon (Theileria)
felis (prot) (c)
None
(Diminazene), (imidocarb),
(enrofloxacin)
Hepatozoon canis (prot)
(d)
Trypanosoma brucei
(prot) (d)
Trypanosoma
congolense (prot) (d,c)
Trypanosoma cruzi (prot)
(d)
Trypanosoma evansi
(prot ) (d,c)
Tick borne (Dermacentor
variabilis, Amblyomma
americanum)
Tick borne (tick must be
ingested by final host)
(Rhipicephalus
sanguineus,
Dermacentor spp), TP
Vector borne (Tsetse flies
– Glossina spp)
Vector borne (Tsetse flies
– Glossina spp)
Mechanically transmitted
by biting flies (Tabanus,
Stomoxys spp)
Rare (one possible case
report in human)
Imidocarb, doxycycline
Treatment protocols
have had poor
success, with
mortality often in
excess of 50%
Usually disease is mild.
Target organs
include spleen, bone
marrow and lymph
nodes.
Signal Diminazene African
trypanosomiasis
None Diminazene Cause of nagana in
cattle
Cause of acute
myocarditis. See
Heart
None Diminazene Classic disease is surra
in horses
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