soil-conservation-people-religion-and-land.pdf - South West NRM

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Proc. Aust. Ext. Conf., Brisbane, June 1987 EXTENSION A8 THE LIMITING FACTOR IN CONSERVATION IN AUSTRALIA - SOME ON OF SOIL rJDATIONS B R Roberts Soil Consemation Association of Australia Backaround Farm advisory services have been a feature of Australian Departments of Agriculture since the turn of the century. Since the early 1920s the recognition of land degradation has led to the enactment of legislation and the appointment of soil conservation staff in all states. Over time there has been sporodic emphasis given to the extension of soil conservation information in different states, depending on the size of the erosion and salinity problem and the political climate prevailing at the time. An analysis of each state's effort to curb land degradation indicates how the thrust of government and the department concerned has reacted to the socio-economic situation prevailing over the decades. There has been a parallel variation in the soil consenration resarch and extension effort over the years. The need for an increased rate of implementation of soil conservation was highlighted by the Collaborative Study (Anon 1978) which gave the first comprehensive overview of the land degradation situation in Australia. Despite its shortcomings, this report demonstrated the alarming extent to which existing knowledge on sound land management had not been applied in practice in vitually all states. Present Position The establishment of the National Soil Conservation Program (NSCP) by the Federal Government in 1983 ushered in a new era of awareness and concern for land condition on the part of the rural community and marked the of what could be a national awakening to the ce of land degradation, not only in physical terms, but -in socio-economic terms. A ---+u- - - After the first four years of operation of NSCP and the allocation of over $15.2 M to research and demonstration projects nationwide, it became increasingly clear that in many cases, the breakdown in the adoption process occurred at the extension phase, rather than at the research phase of the program. While many soil problems still require further research before competent recommendations for sound management can be offered, there is much evidence that many of the tried and tested principles of conservation farming and pastoralism have not - been adopted by the majority of landholders. The Collaborative Study Report (Anon 1978) indicated that 51% of rural production land was suffering from moderate or serious degradation, usually erosion or salinity. There is no
evide~~c-to indicate that this situation has changed during the p-&e:decade. - --- --- --- - - - --- Extensi6n Services Today In a recent survey for the Federal Advisory Committee on Soil Conservation, Robertson (1987) reported on the role and function of extension services in all states. Table 1 reflects only the contribution of those organizations primarily responsible for soil conservation which responded to Robertsonfs survey in their capacity as the statesg ffagencyw in this sphere. Table 1: Allocation of Staff by Soil Conservation ~~enciesl in Australia (Robertson, 1987) NSW VIC QLD WA SA TAS NT ACT Percentage of Departmental Staff engaged in General Extension 50 4.6 11.6* 6.0+ 20 7.9 10 .30 Soil Conservation Extension 50 2.0 - 2,4
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SOUL CObJSERVATION PEOPLE, RELIGION
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with " Generous sod", Dennis displa
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Stewardship - What Is It? Stewartls
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the earth's resources. However, it
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Certainly the earth and thus man, w
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That each Church set up a commissio
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LET THE RED VAN SPEAK In 1854 "the
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WHAT SHOULD WE TEACH What must the
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established a dualism of man and na
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R IBLIOGRAPHY Anonymous. 1985. Stat
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PREFACE : This paper has been writt
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vital supplies. The once-heroic pio
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to land use decision-making which t
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a approach for Australia. The dange
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As Ashby points out past experience
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exclusive right to use the land, ne
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matter. They certainly don't do tha
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a constraint on our freedom of acti
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and every individual creature and t
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Christians was noted. Both display
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Nature's Harmonies'. As David Lowen
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key phrases in Genesis are: "Have d
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Can Values and ~thics be Taught? Pl
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"The university's job may not be th
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coming generations. The list below
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National goals should change as pro
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indicators can continue to progress
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the problems of the present. It sho
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Cook, E. 1970. Environmental Ethics
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Santmire, H. P. 1970. Brother Earth
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--- - - - - - I. ORGANISATION AND I
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7' - - F a - - present parties, hav
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5. Res~onsibilitv of Faculties of A
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A -- 15. Role of Urban-Based conser
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FEDERAL STATE LOCAL EDUCATION l N C
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Page 89 and 90: present parties, have failed to con
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Page 95: FEDERAL STATE LOCAL EXTENSION LANDH
Page 102 and 103: government. In this way the long-st
Page 104 and 105: on a permanent basis. 8. -Role -- -
Page 106 and 107: %==. 10. Wider Use of Group Methods
Page 108: N0113V UOJ S31V3S3Lnlll QNV S13A31
Page 113 and 114: 11. In Queensland, about 40% of nat
Page 118 and 119: Earth Garden, May 1 986 speak or th
Page 120 and 121: combines very small holdings with s
Page 122 and 123: The stages of cultural and ecologic
Page 124 and 125: The role of trees in controlling so
Page 126 and 127: proportions,. - _ 6. We must bring-
Page 130 and 131: an Land Degrad By Brian Roberts The
Page 132 and 133: principles ror de~elopment In \uch
Page 134: Exposed clay subsoil following seve
Page 141 and 142: the field and the proportion of exi
Page 146 and 147: A.I.A.S. Symp. 20/10/89 EFFECTIVE G
Page 148 and 149: These figures exclude the contribut
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Page 152 and 153: the association of the group with a
Page 154 and 155: A rational analysis should be made
Page 156: REFERENCES Anonymous. (1978). Basis
Page 159 and 160: APPENDIX 2 ELEMENTS OF A SHIRE LAND
Page 164 and 165: ' I a -I how T'S NEW IN LAND C CTS
Page 166: and tresspassers, rather than as cr
Page 171 and 172: The Present Position . - - - ~r&e&t
Page 173 and 174: on Objectives - - -- - - ----=:I .
Page 175 and 176: APPENDIX 2 * 1. clear goals which a
Page 177 and 178: .A- 7. Planninq -- - -,sip - proble
Page 182 and 183: Brian Roberts, DDIAE 1989 Farm plan
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Cover Story LAND STE ARDSH udes Tow
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individual's rights. No individual
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B R Roberts Darling Downs Institute
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attention at an early date. Advisor
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TABLE 1 1 LE AGRICULTURE 1. LAND CA
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th~should be ol t1[;11 c.onc-crn to
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which could form the cornerstone of
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CLEARING: WHO SHOULD DECIDE? Brian
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. Who has the knowledge and informa
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Range Monitoring Workshop Nat. S.C.
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Because most of the pastoral zone i
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FIGURE 1 iabifity ratings for Austr
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environment as distinct from the ef
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will be referred to later. It is de
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~ield workers are agreed that the i
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consumed in good and poor seasons r
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sufficiently to meet the criteria a
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Roberts, B. (1986). Proc. Sec. Int.
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The second reality is that in some
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choices of cultivation practices ar
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For those roads that are parallel t
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Role of Trees in the Property Plan
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