soil-conservation-people-religion-and-land.pdf - South West NRM

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A.I.A.S. Symp. 20/10/89 EFFECTIVE GROUPS AND GROUP EXTENSION: KEY TO LAND CARE ACTION ABSTRACT Rural extension organizations have always had three main types of communication available: 1. Individual Contact, 2. Group Extension, and 3. Mass Communication. All three approaches have an important contribution to make in different situations and at various stages of acceptance of new ideas. Queensland has used individual contact and mass communication widely and effectively for decades, but group extension has been applied only sporadically and by a limited number of extension workers, both departmental and private. The emergence of the Land Care movement has not only placed new demands on the advisory services, but calls for a different approach to how they approach their extension task. The prime change in the advisory field is the shift of initiative from the extension service to the landholder groups in the form of Land Care or Land Management committees. This places the advisor in the position of a supporting resource person responding to requests of the groups. The Land Care movement will stand or fall by the effectiveness of the committees which form the framework for improved land management. The factors which make for committee effectiveness have now become essential elements for study by the extension worker. These elements must be understood and dynamically integrated into the activities of the group. Group Property Planning and Demonstration Projects will form the central core of activities in this long-awaited era of environmental awareness in rural Australia. - - .--. INTRODUCTION In-11987 the writer summed up the Australian extension situation as follows: lfSince ' the early 1920s the recognition of land degradation has led to the enactment of legislation and the appointment of soil conservation staff in all states. Over time there has been sporodic emphasis given to the extension of soil conservation information in different 'school of Applied Science, Darling Downs Institute of Advanced Education, Post Office Darling Heights, Toowoomba. Qld. 4350.
states, depending on the size of the erosion and salinity problem and the political climate prevailing at the time. An analysis of each state's effort to curb land degradation indicates how the thrust of government and the department concerned has reacted to the socio-economic situation prevailing over the decades. There has been a parallel variation in the soil conservation research and extension effort over the years. l1 The need for an increased rate of implementation of soil conservation was highlighted by the Collaborative Study (Anon 1978) which gave the first comprehensive overview of the land degradation situation in Australia. Despite its shortcomings, this report demonstrated the alarming extent to which existing knowledge on sound land management had not been applied in practice in virtually all states. While many soil problems still require further research before competent recommendations for sound management can be offered, there is much evidence that many of the tried and tested principles of conservation farming and pastoralism have not been adopted by the majority of landholders. The Collaborative Study Report (Anon 1978) indicated that 51% of rural production land was suffering from moderate or serious degradation, usually erosion or salinity. There is no evidence to indicate that this situation has changed during the past decade. 1 In an unpublished survey for the Federal ~dvisory Committee on Soil Conservation, Robertson (1987) reported on the role and function of extension.services in all states. Table 1 reflects only the contribution of those organizations primarily responsible for soil conservation which responded to Robertson's survey in their capacity as the states* "agencyvg in this sphere. Table 1: Allocation of Staff by Soil conservation Agencies1 in Australia (Robertson 1987) NSW VIC QLD WA SA TAS NT ACT Percentage of Departmental Staff engaged-in General ~xtensi-an 50 4.6 11.6* 6.0' 20 7.9 10 30 Soil Conservation Extension 50 2.0 2.4
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SOUL CObJSERVATION PEOPLE, RELIGION
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with " Generous sod", Dennis displa
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Stewardship - What Is It? Stewartls
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the earth's resources. However, it
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Certainly the earth and thus man, w
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That each Church set up a commissio
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LET THE RED VAN SPEAK In 1854 "the
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WHAT SHOULD WE TEACH What must the
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established a dualism of man and na
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R IBLIOGRAPHY Anonymous. 1985. Stat
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PREFACE : This paper has been writt
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vital supplies. The once-heroic pio
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to land use decision-making which t
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a approach for Australia. The dange
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As Ashby points out past experience
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exclusive right to use the land, ne
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matter. They certainly don't do tha
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a constraint on our freedom of acti
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and every individual creature and t
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Christians was noted. Both display
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Nature's Harmonies'. As David Lowen
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key phrases in Genesis are: "Have d
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Can Values and ~thics be Taught? Pl
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"The university's job may not be th
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coming generations. The list below
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National goals should change as pro
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indicators can continue to progress
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the problems of the present. It sho
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Cook, E. 1970. Environmental Ethics
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Santmire, H. P. 1970. Brother Earth
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--- - - - - - I. ORGANISATION AND I
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7' - - F a - - present parties, hav
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5. Res~onsibilitv of Faculties of A
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A -- 15. Role of Urban-Based conser
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FEDERAL STATE LOCAL EDUCATION l N C
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- - --< -- - I. ORGANISATION AND IN
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present parties, have failed to con
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Responsibilitv of Faculties of Agri
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Page 95: FEDERAL STATE LOCAL EXTENSION LANDH
Page 102 and 103: government. In this way the long-st
Page 104 and 105: on a permanent basis. 8. -Role -- -
Page 106 and 107: %==. 10. Wider Use of Group Methods
Page 108: N0113V UOJ S31V3S3Lnlll QNV S13A31
Page 113 and 114: 11. In Queensland, about 40% of nat
Page 118 and 119: Earth Garden, May 1 986 speak or th
Page 120 and 121: combines very small holdings with s
Page 122 and 123: The stages of cultural and ecologic
Page 124 and 125: The role of trees in controlling so
Page 126 and 127: proportions,. - _ 6. We must bring-
Page 130 and 131: an Land Degrad By Brian Roberts The
Page 132 and 133: principles ror de~elopment In \uch
Page 134: Exposed clay subsoil following seve
Page 139 and 140: evide~~c-to indicate that this situ
Page 141 and 142: the field and the proportion of exi
Page 148 and 149: These figures exclude the contribut
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Page 152 and 153: the association of the group with a
Page 154 and 155: A rational analysis should be made
Page 156: REFERENCES Anonymous. (1978). Basis
Page 159 and 160: APPENDIX 2 ELEMENTS OF A SHIRE LAND
Page 164 and 165: ' I a -I how T'S NEW IN LAND C CTS
Page 166: and tresspassers, rather than as cr
Page 171 and 172: The Present Position . - - - ~r&e&t
Page 173 and 174: on Objectives - - -- - - ----=:I .
Page 175 and 176: APPENDIX 2 * 1. clear goals which a
Page 177 and 178: .A- 7. Planninq -- - -,sip - proble
Page 182 and 183: Brian Roberts, DDIAE 1989 Farm plan
Page 184 and 185: farm plan or major changes in physi
Page 188 and 189: Cover Story LAND STE ARDSH udes Tow
Page 190 and 191: individual's rights. No individual
Page 192 and 193: B R Roberts Darling Downs Institute
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attention at an early date. Advisor
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TABLE 1 1 LE AGRICULTURE 1. LAND CA
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th~should be ol t1[;11 c.onc-crn to
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which could form the cornerstone of
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CLEARING: WHO SHOULD DECIDE? Brian
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. Who has the knowledge and informa
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Range Monitoring Workshop Nat. S.C.
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Because most of the pastoral zone i
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FIGURE 1 iabifity ratings for Austr
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environment as distinct from the ef
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will be referred to later. It is de
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~ield workers are agreed that the i
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consumed in good and poor seasons r
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sufficiently to meet the criteria a
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Roberts, B. (1986). Proc. Sec. Int.
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The second reality is that in some
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choices of cultivation practices ar
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For those roads that are parallel t
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Role of Trees in the Property Plan
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