soil-conservation-people-religion-and-land.pdf - South West NRM

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Because most of the pastoral zone is held under some form of leasehold tenure, there is a special responsibility on land administrators not only to monitor land condition but also to apply covenants and other conditions to leases which encourage land stewardship and sustainable pastoral production systems. In contrast to many other countries, Australia still has a long way to go to develop really permanent land use systems for the arid zone. This requires careful consideration of the role of tenure, animal numbers and spelling. While the topic of land tenure has become a hardy perennial at rural.gatherings (Does freeholding improve management?) Young's (1985) analysis of the desirable elements of leasehold agreements and the extent to which lease covenants can influence land use remains not only current but of increasing importance in this era of emerging land care. Lay's paper to this workshop shows the complexities of marrying scientific principles and administrative requirements when a monitoring system becomes a central element of an Act of Parliament. Some years ago Wilcox (1986) was bold enough to question the sustainability of the pastoral industry. Since that time lvsustainablelv has become something of a buzz word, to the extent of being the theme of many conferences. The divergent needs of rangeland administration and pastoral management were well contrasted by Schapper (1985) in his anti-establishment approach based on economic incentives. In ovenriewing the progress of implementation of range management in South Africa from 1934 to 1968 the writer (Roberts, 1969) found four prime factors responsible for slow adoption of management recommendations: 1. Economic pressure. 2. Complacency regarding deterioration. 3. Inefficient extension. 4. Unacceptable recommendations. It would be useful to consider the validity of these factors in the present Australian situation and to rectify the situation as necessary. The types of land use and degrees of viability of pastoralism .in each.vegetation region in Australia have been shown by Young et al., 1986 as follows:
. TABLE 3 Principal land uses by area (sq km) in the rangelands --------------------------------a----------------w---------------------- STATE Land Use N.S.W. NOT. QLD. S.A, W.A. AUST. ........................................................................ Grazing 309,272 760,773 1,251,867 417,919 965,558 3,705,389 Vacant Crown Land 0 210,540 6,300 197,617 833,913 1,248,370 Conservation 5,980 5,212 24,252 31,025 114,153 180,622 Aboriginal Land 0 357,255 26,199 117,239 208,963 709,656 Military Land 0 0 0 2,005 6,650 8,655 Total 315,252 1,335,955 1.320,344 767,155 2,177,744 5,916,450 * Aboriginal lands which are also grazed are included under Aboriginal lands. TABLE 4 Extent of grazing and viability prospects of main rangeland types (arranged in order of percentage of area grazed) -------------- ------------------------...--------------------------------- * % % % low medium high Rangeland Area % viability viability viability type (000 km2 ) grazed prospects prospects prospects -----------w--.------..i.------------------.w----------------w------------- Mitchell grasslands 301.9 99.0 4.6 29.7 65.7 Semi-arid woodlands 474.3 98.6 9.1 57.3 33.6 Mixed tussock grasslands 107.3 94.8 7,1 48.5 44.4 Other 693.0 79.3 42.5 31.6 25.9 Chenopod shrublands 482,l 74.8 21.4 46.2 32 . 5 Subtropical woodlands 747 0 70.6 44,7 51.5 3.8 Arid mulga 662,3 68.8 53,8 33.7 12.5 Central arid woodlands 426.7 61.2 49.9 35.7 14.4 Mallee 97.9 40.0 41.2 15.5 43.3 Hummock grasslands 1924.0 39.7 82.3 26.5 2.3 Australia - 5916.4 64.7 50.2 32.9 16.9 ------------------a----------------------------------------------------
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SOUL CObJSERVATION PEOPLE, RELIGION
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with " Generous sod", Dennis displa
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Stewardship - What Is It? Stewartls
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the earth's resources. However, it
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Certainly the earth and thus man, w
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That each Church set up a commissio
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LET THE RED VAN SPEAK In 1854 "the
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WHAT SHOULD WE TEACH What must the
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established a dualism of man and na
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R IBLIOGRAPHY Anonymous. 1985. Stat
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PREFACE : This paper has been writt
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vital supplies. The once-heroic pio
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to land use decision-making which t
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a approach for Australia. The dange
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As Ashby points out past experience
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exclusive right to use the land, ne
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matter. They certainly don't do tha
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a constraint on our freedom of acti
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and every individual creature and t
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Christians was noted. Both display
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Nature's Harmonies'. As David Lowen
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key phrases in Genesis are: "Have d
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Can Values and ~thics be Taught? Pl
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"The university's job may not be th
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coming generations. The list below
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National goals should change as pro
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indicators can continue to progress
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the problems of the present. It sho
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Cook, E. 1970. Environmental Ethics
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Santmire, H. P. 1970. Brother Earth
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--- - - - - - I. ORGANISATION AND I
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7' - - F a - - present parties, hav
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5. Res~onsibilitv of Faculties of A
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A -- 15. Role of Urban-Based conser
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FEDERAL STATE LOCAL EDUCATION l N C
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- - --< -- - I. ORGANISATION AND IN
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present parties, have failed to con
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Responsibilitv of Faculties of Agri
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15. Role of Urban-Based Conservatio
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FEDERAL STATE LOCAL EXTENSION LANDH
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government. In this way the long-st
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on a permanent basis. 8. -Role -- -
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%==. 10. Wider Use of Group Methods
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N0113V UOJ S31V3S3Lnlll QNV S13A31
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11. In Queensland, about 40% of nat
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Earth Garden, May 1 986 speak or th
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combines very small holdings with s
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The stages of cultural and ecologic
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The role of trees in controlling so
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proportions,. - _ 6. We must bring-
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an Land Degrad By Brian Roberts The
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principles ror de~elopment In \uch
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Exposed clay subsoil following seve
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evide~~c-to indicate that this situ
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the field and the proportion of exi
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A.I.A.S. Symp. 20/10/89 EFFECTIVE G
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These figures exclude the contribut
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these four requirements are met, th
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the association of the group with a
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A rational analysis should be made
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REFERENCES Anonymous. (1978). Basis
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APPENDIX 2 ELEMENTS OF A SHIRE LAND
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' I a -I how T'S NEW IN LAND C CTS
Page 166: and tresspassers, rather than as cr
Page 171 and 172: The Present Position . - - - ~r&e&t
Page 173 and 174: on Objectives - - -- - - ----=:I .
Page 175 and 176: APPENDIX 2 * 1. clear goals which a
Page 177 and 178: .A- 7. Planninq -- - -,sip - proble
Page 182 and 183: Brian Roberts, DDIAE 1989 Farm plan
Page 184 and 185: farm plan or major changes in physi
Page 188 and 189: Cover Story LAND STE ARDSH udes Tow
Page 190 and 191: individual's rights. No individual
Page 192 and 193: B R Roberts Darling Downs Institute
Page 194 and 195: attention at an early date. Advisor
Page 196: TABLE 1 1 LE AGRICULTURE 1. LAND CA
Page 201 and 202: th~should be ol t1[;11 c.onc-crn to
Page 203 and 204: which could form the cornerstone of
Page 208 and 209: CLEARING: WHO SHOULD DECIDE? Brian
Page 210 and 211: . Who has the knowledge and informa
Page 214 and 215: Range Monitoring Workshop Nat. S.C.
Page 218 and 219: FIGURE 1 iabifity ratings for Austr
Page 220 and 221: environment as distinct from the ef
Page 222 and 223: will be referred to later. It is de
Page 224 and 225: ~ield workers are agreed that the i
Page 226 and 227: consumed in good and poor seasons r
Page 228 and 229: sufficiently to meet the criteria a
Page 230: Roberts, B. (1986). Proc. Sec. Int.
Page 235: The second reality is that in some
Page 239 and 240: choices of cultivation practices ar
Page 241 and 242: For those roads that are parallel t
Page 243: Role of Trees in the Property Plan
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