An Investigation into Transport Protocols and Data Transport ...

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List of Figures 2.1 The MONARC hierarchy of Tiers for Atlas, with estimated initial data transfer rates between the different tiers. . . . . . 34 3.1 Throughput across production networks using UDP and TCP Transport Protocols between CERN and RAL in September 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.2 Bottleneck limits of TCP WAN transfers between CERN and RAL as reported by Web100. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 4.1 Congestion Collapse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 4.2 TCP header format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 4.3 Sliding Window of TCP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4.4 Time Evolution of Example TCP Tahoe Trace. . . . . . . . . . 64 4.5 Time Evolution of Example TCP Reno Trace. . . . . . . . . . 67 5.1 Effect of limiting the socket buffer size on TCP goodput. . . . 79 5.2 Effect of TCP performance with different MTU sizes. . . . . . 81 5.3 CPU utilisation with different TCP throughputs. . . . . . . . 83 5.4 Effect of varying RX Interrupt values on CPU load. . . . . . . 87 5.5 Effect of varying TX Interrupt values on CPU load. . . . . . . 89 5.6 Effect of delayed acks upon cwnd dynamics. . . . . . . . . . . 91 10
List of Figures 11 5.7 Effect on cwnd with Dynamic Right Sizing. . . . . . . . . . . . 94 5.8 Random Early Detection Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 5.9 Evolution of TCP congestion window cwnd and throughput w.r.t. time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 6.1 cwnd dynamic of HSTCP (Single flow on Dummynet, link capacity 200Mbit/sec, RTT 150ms, queue size 500 packets.) . 114 6.2 cwnd dynamic of ScalableTCP (Single flow on Dummynet, link capacity 200Mbit/sec, RTT 150ms, queue size 500 packets.)115 6.3 cwnd dynamic of H-TCP (Single flow on Dummynet, link capacity 200Mbit/sec, RTT 150ms, queue size 500 packets.) . . . 119 6.4 cwnd dynamic of BicTCP (Single flow on Dummynet, link capacity 200Mbit/sec, RTT 150ms, queue size 500 packets.) . 122 7.1 Topology of Framework tests for the Evaluation of New-TCP algorithms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 8.1 Effect of varying the dummynet random loss probability on a single TCP flow (250Mbit/sec, 162ms RTT, Bottleneck queuesize 20% BDP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 8.2 Magnification of New-TCP mode switch from low-speed into high-speed modes (250Mbit/sec, 162ms RTT, queue-size 20% BDP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 8.3 H-TCP cwnd dynamics showing the mode switch from lowspeed into high-speed modes (250Mbit/sec, 162ms RTT, queuesize 20% BDP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 8.4 Standard TCP cwnd dynamic (250Mbit/sec, 162ms RTT, queuesize 20% BDP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Page 1 and 2: An Investigation into Transport Pro
Page 3 and 4: Contents List of Figures . . . . .
Page 5 and 6: Contents 5 4.6 Summary . . . . . .
Page 7 and 8: Contents 7 8.2 Test Calibration . .
Page 9: Contents 9 10.3.5 Further Tests . .
Page 13 and 14: List of Figures 13 8.16 Unfairness
Page 15 and 16: List of Figures 15 8.32 Friendlines
Page 17 and 18: List of Figures 17 9.19 Dynamic swi
Page 19 and 20: List of Figures 19 D.1 Internet pat
Page 21 and 22: List of Tables 21 A.1 Hardware and
Page 23 and 24: Publications And Workshops Some of
Page 25 and 26: 1.2. Research Scope 25 • Identifi
Page 27 and 28: 1.4. Dissertation Outline 27 • Id
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 2 High Energy Particle Phys
Page 31 and 32: 2.2. Analysis Methods 31 the data i
Page 33 and 34: 2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
Page 35 and 36: 2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
Page 37 and 38: 2.4. Data Transfer Requirements 37
Page 39 and 40: 2.5. Summary 39 data, the most impo
Page 41 and 42: 3.1. Data Intercommunication 41 mov
Page 43 and 44: 3.2. Network Monitoring 43 Whilst l
Page 45 and 46: 3.2. Network Monitoring 45 Internet
Page 47 and 48: 3.2. Network Monitoring 47 1 0.8 Bo
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 4 Transmission Control Prot
Page 51 and 52: 4.1. Overview 51 Throughput Delay L
Page 53 and 54: 4.2. Protocol Description 53 is dep
Page 55 and 56: 4.2. Protocol Description 55 As a r
Page 57 and 58: 4.3. Congestion Control 57 excessiv
Page 59 and 60: 4.3. Congestion Control 59 probe fo
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4.4. Retransmission Timeout 61 tion
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4.5. TCP Variants 63 mechanisms are
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4.5. TCP Variants 65 connection ini
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4.5. TCP Variants 67 20 15 cwnd sst
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4.5. TCP Variants 69 no more acks t
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4.5. TCP Variants 71 [Hoe96]. In bo
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4.5. TCP Variants 73 TCP Timestamps
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4.6. Summary 75 traffic for a parti
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Chapter 5 TCP For High Performance
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 79 G
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 81 1
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 83 C
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5.2. TCP Tuning & Performance Impro
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.4. Analysis of AIMD Congestion Co
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5.5. Summary 109 5.5 Summary Even t
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6.1. Survey of New-TCP Algorithms 1
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6.2. Discussion and Deployment Cons
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6.3. Summary 133 6.3 Summary The re
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Chapter 7 Testing Framework for the
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7.1. Metrics 137 various New-TCP al
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7.1. Metrics 139 assuming equilibri
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7.2. Environment 141 of packets in
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7.2. Environment 143 T 0 B, T T 1 F
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Chapter 8 Systematic Tests of New-T
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8.1. Methodology 147 fed into the d
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8.1. Methodology 149 Various other
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8.2. Test Calibration 151 Goodput (
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8.2. Test Calibration 153 cwnd and
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8.2. Test Calibration 155 100 1 Agg
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8.2. Test Calibration 157 1000 FAST
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8.3. Results 159 10 100 Total Throu
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8.3. Results 161 14 12 HSTCP 1 α H
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8.3. Results 163 cwnd (packets) 120
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8.3. Results 165 Fraction Bytes Ret
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8.3. Results 167 1200 1000 HTCP 1 H
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8.3. Results 169 This is due to the
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8.3. Results 171 4000 3500 3000 HTC
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8.3. Results 173 800 700 600 Standa
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8.3. Results 175 1 1 Fairness Ratio
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8.3. Results 177 10 100 Total Throu
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8.3. Results 179 1000 Standard TCP
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8.3. Results 181 600 500 Standard T
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8.4. Discussion of Results 183 Asym
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8.4. Discussion of Results 185 New-
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8.4. Discussion of Results 187 Asym
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8.5. Summary 189 The importance of
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9.1. Transfer Tests Across Dedicate
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9.2. Preferential Flow Handling Usi
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9.3. Internet Transfers 229 can cau
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9.3. Internet Transfers 231 Stanfor
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9.3. Internet Transfers 233 10 1 St
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9.3. Internet Transfers 235 1000 90
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9.3. Internet Transfers 237 Fractio
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9.3. Internet Transfers 239 10000 c
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9.3. Internet Transfers 241 achieve
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9.4. Summary 243 performance of sin
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9.4. Summary 245 Nevertheless, a Di
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10.1. Summary 247 PCs. But at 1Gb/s
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10.2. New-TCP Suitability Study 249
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10.2. New-TCP Suitability Study 251
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10.3. Future Directions 253 low ove
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10.3. Future Directions 255 porates
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10.3. Future Directions 257 A more
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10.4. Conclusion 259 This dissertat
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A.1. Data Storage 261 with the choi
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A.1. Data Storage 263 gether with h
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A.1. Data Storage 265 The virtual m
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A.1. Data Storage 267 Read Speed (M
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A.1. Data Storage 269 Read Speed (M
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A.1. Data Storage 271 1600 1600 140
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 273 la
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 275 de
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 277 of
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 279 PC
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 281 70
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 283 Th
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 285 20
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 287 ha
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B.2. Wide Area Network Tests 289 Da
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C.3. DataTAG 291 Cisco 7606 Cisco 7
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Appendix D Network Paths of Interne
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295 ham02gva.datatag.org:192.91.239
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Bibliography 297 [All03] [AMA + 99]
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Bibliography 299 [BPSK96] H. Balakr
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Bibliography 301 [DC02] [ea02] [FF9
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Bibliography 303 [Flo03] [Flo04] S.
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Bibliography 305 [Hoe96] [IET] [Jac
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Bibliography 307 [KRB05] [Lah00] [L
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Bibliography 309 [MHR03] [MM96] M.
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Bibliography 311 [Pos81a] J. Postel
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Bibliography 313 [tePM] IEPM Intern
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