An Investigation into Transport Protocols and Data Transport ...

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8.4. Discussion of Results 182 Asymmetric New-TCP Symmetric Small Buffer Large Buffer Friendliness Standard TCP 207.6±1.3 187.7±1.9 212.1±1.1 207.6±1.3 BicTCP 229.7±0.0 228.9±0.2 229.9±0.2 228.7±0.1 FAST 219.6±6.4 208.7±0.2 229.8±0.1 229.6±0.1 HSTCP 218.4±0.0 219.3±0.1 229.7±0.6 219.8±0.1 H-TCP 225.9±0.0 219.8±0.1 227.4±0.7 221.4±0.4 ScalableTCP 229.7±0.5 229.9±0.1 230.2±0.0 229.7±0.1 Table 8.1: Summary goodput (in Mbit/sec) of two competing New-TCP flows at 250Mbit/sec bottleneck and 82ms RTT. 8.4 Discussion of Results Even simple tests can show the very different performances of the different New-TCP algorithms. This section describes the various congestion control algorithms and how they affect the performance metrics. 8.4.1 Goodput All New-TCP algorithms fulfill the primary goal of being able to achieve high goodput across the range of network environments under investigation as shown in Table 8.1. Amongst the algorithms, ScalableTCP and BicTCP are consistently able to achieve the highest utilisation of the all of the algorithms tested. FAST also has good prospects of utilising all of the capacity of the path. However, it appears to be hampered by the requirement to have a queue size buffers suited to the value of its α parameter in order to remain stable. When the network buffer size is approximately less than the sum of FAST’s α values for every FAST flow then the performance is seriously degraded as the flows cause the bottleneck queue to overflow, which induces large oscillations
8.4. Discussion of Results 183 Asymmetric New-TCP Symmetric Small Buffer Large Buffer Friendliness Standard TCP 0.87±0.05 0.34±0.04 0.40±0.04 0.87±0.05 BicTCP 0.97±0.02 0.01±0.00 0.02±0.00 0.07±0.00 FAST 0.31±0.14 0.10±0.00 0.11±0.00 0.44±0.00 HSTCP 1.00±0.00 0.05±0.00 0.05±0.00 0.05±0.00 H-TCP 1.00±0.00 0.59±0.00 0.59±0.13 0.06±0.00 ScalableTCP - 0.01±0.00 0.01±0.00 0.01±0.00 Table 8.2: Summary fairness of two competing New-TCP flows at 250Mbit/sec bottleneck and 82ms RTT. in FAST’s throughput which can be less than that of Standard TCP. As expected, HSTCP shows very little deviation from Standard TCP goodput at low speeds, but the increase of BDP shows HSTCP to be as aggressive as the other algorithms as larger cwnd values are reached. H-TCP has similar goodput performance to that of HSTCP. 8.4.2 Fairness and Friendliness Whilst the fairness between symmetric flows was not expected to be a difficult test for the New-TCP algorithms, results showed otherwise. This was most noticeable for ScalableTCP and FAST and is demonstrated in Table 8.2. In the former case, unfairness resulted primarily because of the long convergence times required due to the small back-offs experienced by the high throughput flow which requires many congestion epochs to result in fair share between flows. FAST, on the other hand, appears to have instability issues across the tested environments which result in both short term and long term unfairness issues. Unlike the loss-based algorithms, the dynamics of FAST are very dependent upon the queue size allocation. At small sizes, the aggres-
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An Investigation into Transport Pro
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Contents List of Figures . . . . .
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Contents 5 4.6 Summary . . . . . .
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Contents 7 8.2 Test Calibration . .
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Contents 9 10.3.5 Further Tests . .
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List of Figures 11 5.7 Effect on cw
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List of Figures 13 8.16 Unfairness
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List of Figures 15 8.32 Friendlines
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List of Figures 17 9.19 Dynamic swi
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List of Figures 19 D.1 Internet pat
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List of Tables 21 A.1 Hardware and
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Publications And Workshops Some of
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1.2. Research Scope 25 • Identifi
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1.4. Dissertation Outline 27 • Id
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Chapter 2 High Energy Particle Phys
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2.2. Analysis Methods 31 the data i
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.4. Data Transfer Requirements 37
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2.5. Summary 39 data, the most impo
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3.1. Data Intercommunication 41 mov
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3.2. Network Monitoring 43 Whilst l
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3.2. Network Monitoring 45 Internet
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3.2. Network Monitoring 47 1 0.8 Bo
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Chapter 4 Transmission Control Prot
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4.1. Overview 51 Throughput Delay L
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4.2. Protocol Description 53 is dep
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4.2. Protocol Description 55 As a r
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4.3. Congestion Control 57 excessiv
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4.3. Congestion Control 59 probe fo
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4.4. Retransmission Timeout 61 tion
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4.5. TCP Variants 63 mechanisms are
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4.5. TCP Variants 65 connection ini
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4.5. TCP Variants 67 20 15 cwnd sst
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4.5. TCP Variants 69 no more acks t
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4.5. TCP Variants 71 [Hoe96]. In bo
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4.5. TCP Variants 73 TCP Timestamps
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4.6. Summary 75 traffic for a parti
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Chapter 5 TCP For High Performance
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 79 G
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 81 1
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 83 C
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5.2. TCP Tuning & Performance Impro
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.4. Analysis of AIMD Congestion Co
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5.5. Summary 109 5.5 Summary Even t
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6.1. Survey of New-TCP Algorithms 1
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6.2. Discussion and Deployment Cons
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Page 135 and 136: Chapter 7 Testing Framework for the
Page 137 and 138: 7.1. Metrics 137 various New-TCP al
Page 139 and 140: 7.1. Metrics 139 assuming equilibri
Page 141 and 142: 7.2. Environment 141 of packets in
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Page 147 and 148: 8.1. Methodology 147 fed into the d
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Page 151 and 152: 8.2. Test Calibration 151 Goodput (
Page 153 and 154: 8.2. Test Calibration 153 cwnd and
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Page 157 and 158: 8.2. Test Calibration 157 1000 FAST
Page 159 and 160: 8.3. Results 159 10 100 Total Throu
Page 161 and 162: 8.3. Results 161 14 12 HSTCP 1 α H
Page 163 and 164: 8.3. Results 163 cwnd (packets) 120
Page 165 and 166: 8.3. Results 165 Fraction Bytes Ret
Page 167 and 168: 8.3. Results 167 1200 1000 HTCP 1 H
Page 169 and 170: 8.3. Results 169 This is due to the
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Page 173 and 174: 8.3. Results 173 800 700 600 Standa
Page 175 and 176: 8.3. Results 175 1 1 Fairness Ratio
Page 177 and 178: 8.3. Results 177 10 100 Total Throu
Page 179 and 180: 8.3. Results 179 1000 Standard TCP
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Page 187 and 188: 8.4. Discussion of Results 187 Asym
Page 189 and 190: 8.5. Summary 189 The importance of
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9.3. Internet Transfers 233 10 1 St
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9.3. Internet Transfers 235 1000 90
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9.3. Internet Transfers 237 Fractio
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9.3. Internet Transfers 239 10000 c
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9.3. Internet Transfers 241 achieve
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9.4. Summary 243 performance of sin
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9.4. Summary 245 Nevertheless, a Di
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10.1. Summary 247 PCs. But at 1Gb/s
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10.2. New-TCP Suitability Study 249
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10.2. New-TCP Suitability Study 251
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10.3. Future Directions 253 low ove
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10.3. Future Directions 255 porates
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10.3. Future Directions 257 A more
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10.4. Conclusion 259 This dissertat
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A.1. Data Storage 261 with the choi
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A.1. Data Storage 263 gether with h
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A.1. Data Storage 265 The virtual m
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A.1. Data Storage 267 Read Speed (M
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A.1. Data Storage 269 Read Speed (M
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A.1. Data Storage 271 1600 1600 140
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 273 la
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 275 de
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 277 of
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 279 PC
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 281 70
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 283 Th
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 285 20
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 287 ha
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B.2. Wide Area Network Tests 289 Da
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C.3. DataTAG 291 Cisco 7606 Cisco 7
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Appendix D Network Paths of Interne
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295 ham02gva.datatag.org:192.91.239
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Bibliography 297 [All03] [AMA + 99]
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Bibliography 299 [BPSK96] H. Balakr
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Bibliography 301 [DC02] [ea02] [FF9
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Bibliography 303 [Flo03] [Flo04] S.
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Bibliography 305 [Hoe96] [IET] [Jac
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Bibliography 307 [KRB05] [Lah00] [L
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Bibliography 309 [MHR03] [MM96] M.
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Bibliography 311 [Pos81a] J. Postel
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Bibliography 313 [tePM] IEPM Intern
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