An Investigation into Transport Protocols and Data Transport ...

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9.2. Preferential Flow Handling Using DiffServ 220 1.05 1 0.95 3 2.5 Standard TCP HSTCP ScalableTCP QEF AF 0.9 0.85 QEF BE 2 1.5 0.8 0.75 Standard TCP HSTCP ScalableTCP 0.7 0 20 40 60 80 100 AF Bandwidth Allocation (%) 1 0.5 0 20 40 60 80 100 AF Bandwidth Allocation (%) (a) TCP (AF) (b) UDP (BE) Figure 9.20: QoS Efficiency Factors for various AF:BE allocations. demonstrated by the over utilisation of the BE class’s traffic when the AF class is under-provisioned due to the failure of the New-TCP flows in being able to achieve 100% utilisation. 9.2.3 Discussion Given the dynamics of cwnd, it would be expected that the performance of Standard TCP should be poor under high bandwidth, long latency environments. However, Figure 9.20 clearly indicates that HSTCP and ScalableTCP appear to have problems under DiffServ environments - not Standard TCP. As a DiffServ enabled network should provide protection for AF flows, the goodput performance of New-TCP flows were expected to be greater. At small AF allocations, i.e. small available bandwidths, it is expected that the performance differences between algorithms are negligible due to the sizes of cwnd. However, as the bandwidth, and hence cwnd increases due to a larger AF provision, one would expect HSTCP and ScalableTCP to be able to utilise the extra capacity more effectively. Figure 9.21 shows the cwnd and goodput trace of Standard TCP with 90% AF, 10% BE allocation. Apart from an initial burst of traffic which
9.2. Preferential Flow Handling Using DiffServ 221 cwnd and ssthresh (packets) 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 cwnd ssthresh Throughput (mbit/sec) 1000 800 600 400 200 UDP BE TCP AF 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Time (seconds) (a) Standard TCP: cwnd 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Time (seconds) (b) Standard TCP: Goodput cwnd and ssthresh (packets) 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 cwnd ssthresh Throughput (mbit/sec) 1000 800 600 400 200 UDP BE TCP AF 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Time (seconds) (c) HSTCP: cwnd 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Time (seconds) (d) HSTCP: Goodput cwnd and ssthresh (packets) 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 cwnd ssthresh Throughput (mbit/sec) 1000 800 600 400 200 UDP BE TCP AF 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Time (seconds) (e) ScalableTCP: cwnd 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Time (seconds) (f) ScalableTCP: Goodput Figure 9.21: New-TCP cwnd and throughput dynamic with 90% AF allocation. is captured by the router, it can be seen that the cwnd and hence goodput of the Standard TCP flow is relatively static in value as the test progresses. This is due to the very small growth rate of Standard TCP which is incapable of inducing packet loss at the bottleneck queue. The differences in cwnd dynamic between Standard TCP, HSTCP and
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An Investigation into Transport Pro
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Contents List of Figures . . . . .
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Contents 5 4.6 Summary . . . . . .
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Contents 7 8.2 Test Calibration . .
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Contents 9 10.3.5 Further Tests . .
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List of Figures 11 5.7 Effect on cw
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List of Figures 13 8.16 Unfairness
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List of Figures 15 8.32 Friendlines
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List of Figures 17 9.19 Dynamic swi
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List of Figures 19 D.1 Internet pat
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List of Tables 21 A.1 Hardware and
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Publications And Workshops Some of
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1.2. Research Scope 25 • Identifi
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1.4. Dissertation Outline 27 • Id
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Chapter 2 High Energy Particle Phys
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2.2. Analysis Methods 31 the data i
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.4. Data Transfer Requirements 37
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2.5. Summary 39 data, the most impo
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3.1. Data Intercommunication 41 mov
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3.2. Network Monitoring 43 Whilst l
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3.2. Network Monitoring 45 Internet
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3.2. Network Monitoring 47 1 0.8 Bo
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Chapter 4 Transmission Control Prot
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4.1. Overview 51 Throughput Delay L
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4.2. Protocol Description 53 is dep
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4.2. Protocol Description 55 As a r
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4.3. Congestion Control 57 excessiv
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4.3. Congestion Control 59 probe fo
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4.4. Retransmission Timeout 61 tion
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4.5. TCP Variants 63 mechanisms are
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4.5. TCP Variants 65 connection ini
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4.5. TCP Variants 67 20 15 cwnd sst
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4.5. TCP Variants 69 no more acks t
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4.5. TCP Variants 71 [Hoe96]. In bo
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4.5. TCP Variants 73 TCP Timestamps
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4.6. Summary 75 traffic for a parti
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Chapter 5 TCP For High Performance
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 79 G
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 81 1
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 83 C
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5.2. TCP Tuning & Performance Impro
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.4. Analysis of AIMD Congestion Co
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5.5. Summary 109 5.5 Summary Even t
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6.1. Survey of New-TCP Algorithms 1
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6.2. Discussion and Deployment Cons
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6.3. Summary 133 6.3 Summary The re
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Chapter 7 Testing Framework for the
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7.1. Metrics 137 various New-TCP al
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7.1. Metrics 139 assuming equilibri
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7.2. Environment 141 of packets in
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7.2. Environment 143 T 0 B, T T 1 F
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Chapter 8 Systematic Tests of New-T
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8.1. Methodology 147 fed into the d
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8.1. Methodology 149 Various other
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8.2. Test Calibration 151 Goodput (
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8.2. Test Calibration 153 cwnd and
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8.2. Test Calibration 155 100 1 Agg
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8.2. Test Calibration 157 1000 FAST
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8.3. Results 159 10 100 Total Throu
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8.3. Results 161 14 12 HSTCP 1 α H
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8.3. Results 163 cwnd (packets) 120
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8.3. Results 165 Fraction Bytes Ret
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8.3. Results 167 1200 1000 HTCP 1 H
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Page 173 and 174: 8.3. Results 173 800 700 600 Standa
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Page 177 and 178: 8.3. Results 177 10 100 Total Throu
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Page 183 and 184: 8.4. Discussion of Results 183 Asym
Page 185 and 186: 8.4. Discussion of Results 185 New-
Page 187 and 188: 8.4. Discussion of Results 187 Asym
Page 189 and 190: 8.5. Summary 189 The importance of
Page 191 and 192: 9.1. Transfer Tests Across Dedicate
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Page 243 and 244: 9.4. Summary 243 performance of sin
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Page 247 and 248: 10.1. Summary 247 PCs. But at 1Gb/s
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Page 253 and 254: 10.3. Future Directions 253 low ove
Page 255 and 256: 10.3. Future Directions 255 porates
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A.1. Data Storage 271 1600 1600 140
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 273 la
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 275 de
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 277 of
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 279 PC
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 281 70
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 283 Th
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 285 20
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 287 ha
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B.2. Wide Area Network Tests 289 Da
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C.3. DataTAG 291 Cisco 7606 Cisco 7
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Appendix D Network Paths of Interne
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295 ham02gva.datatag.org:192.91.239
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Bibliography 297 [All03] [AMA + 99]
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Bibliography 299 [BPSK96] H. Balakr
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Bibliography 301 [DC02] [ea02] [FF9
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Bibliography 303 [Flo03] [Flo04] S.
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Bibliography 305 [Hoe96] [IET] [Jac
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Bibliography 307 [KRB05] [Lah00] [L
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Bibliography 309 [MHR03] [MM96] M.
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Bibliography 311 [Pos81a] J. Postel
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Bibliography 313 [tePM] IEPM Intern
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