An Investigation into Transport Protocols and Data Transport ...

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8.3. Results 180 600 500 Standard TCP HTCP 4500 4000 3500 Standard TCP HTCP cwnd (packets) 400 300 200 cwnd (packets) 3000 2500 2000 1500 100 1000 500 0 100 150 200 250 300 Time (seconds) 0 100 150 200 250 300 Time (seconds) (a) 22ms (b) 162ms Figure 8.36: Standard TCP competing against H-TCP under asymmetric network conditions (250Mbit/sec capacity, 20% BDP queuesize). shares its goodput very fairly in low latency environments, and becomes more aggressive as the RTT increases; utilising more of the path capacity in environments where Standard TCP would be incapable of high transport. This is shown in Figure 8.36. This dynamic is due to the time based adaptive congestion control that becomes more aggressive as the congestion epoch time becomes larger, and indicates that Standard TCP is incapable of utilising the network resources. However, the use of a polynomial increase function results in a very aggressive algorithm that results in less friendliness to Standard TCP compared to that of HSTCP and BicTCP in high bandwidth delay product environments. It was observed that the friendliness of BicTCP and HSTCP follow similar trends to each other. Figure 8.37 shows the interaction between BicTCP and Standard TCP for 22ms and 162ms with a bottleneck capacity of 250Mbit/sec. It can be seen that the plateau’ing of BicTCP’s cwnd facilitates the growth of Standard TCP’s cwnd and hence improves fairness upon long latency environments - whilst still maintaining a high value of cwnd to enable high utilisation of the network capacity. However, under short latency environ-
8.3. Results 181 600 500 Standard TCP BicTCP 4500 4000 3500 Standard TCP BicTCP cwnd (packets) 400 300 200 cwnd (packets) 3000 2500 2000 1500 100 1000 500 0 100 150 200 250 300 Time (seconds) 0 100 150 200 250 300 Time (seconds) (a) 22ms (b) 162ms Figure 8.37: Standard TCP competing against BicTCP under asymmetric network conditions (250Mbit/sec capacity, 20% BDP queuesize). 600 500 Standard TCP HSTCP 4500 4000 3500 Standard TCP HSTCP cwnd (packets) 400 300 200 cwnd (packets) 3000 2500 2000 1500 100 1000 500 0 100 150 200 250 300 Time (seconds) 0 100 150 200 250 300 Time (seconds) (a) 22ms (b) 162ms Figure 8.38: Standard TCP competing against HSTCP under asymmetric network conditions (250Mbit/sec capacity, 20% BDP queuesize). ments, the plateau has negligible effect and effectively becomes an aggressive linear increase causing unfairness against the Standard TCP flow. The performance of HSTCP’s friendliness is shown in Figure 8.38. Compared to that of BicTCP (Figure 8.37), it is observed that the period between (synchronised) congestion events is less, therefore forcing Standard TCP into a slightly lower average cwnd causing less friendliness of HSTCP against Standard TCP than that of BicTCP. At lower latencies, the opposite is true; HSTCP induces congestion less frequently and therefore is more fair against the Standard TCP flow.
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An Investigation into Transport Pro
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Contents List of Figures . . . . .
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Contents 5 4.6 Summary . . . . . .
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Contents 7 8.2 Test Calibration . .
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Contents 9 10.3.5 Further Tests . .
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List of Figures 11 5.7 Effect on cw
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List of Figures 13 8.16 Unfairness
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List of Figures 15 8.32 Friendlines
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List of Figures 17 9.19 Dynamic swi
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List of Figures 19 D.1 Internet pat
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List of Tables 21 A.1 Hardware and
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Publications And Workshops Some of
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1.2. Research Scope 25 • Identifi
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1.4. Dissertation Outline 27 • Id
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Chapter 2 High Energy Particle Phys
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2.2. Analysis Methods 31 the data i
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.4. Data Transfer Requirements 37
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2.5. Summary 39 data, the most impo
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3.1. Data Intercommunication 41 mov
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3.2. Network Monitoring 43 Whilst l
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3.2. Network Monitoring 45 Internet
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3.2. Network Monitoring 47 1 0.8 Bo
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Chapter 4 Transmission Control Prot
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4.1. Overview 51 Throughput Delay L
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4.2. Protocol Description 53 is dep
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4.2. Protocol Description 55 As a r
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4.3. Congestion Control 57 excessiv
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4.3. Congestion Control 59 probe fo
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4.4. Retransmission Timeout 61 tion
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4.5. TCP Variants 63 mechanisms are
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4.5. TCP Variants 65 connection ini
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4.5. TCP Variants 67 20 15 cwnd sst
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4.5. TCP Variants 69 no more acks t
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4.5. TCP Variants 71 [Hoe96]. In bo
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4.5. TCP Variants 73 TCP Timestamps
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4.6. Summary 75 traffic for a parti
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Chapter 5 TCP For High Performance
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 79 G
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 81 1
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 83 C
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5.2. TCP Tuning & Performance Impro
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.4. Analysis of AIMD Congestion Co
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5.5. Summary 109 5.5 Summary Even t
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6.1. Survey of New-TCP Algorithms 1
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6.2. Discussion and Deployment Cons
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6.2. Discussion and Deployment Cons
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Page 133 and 134: 6.3. Summary 133 6.3 Summary The re
Page 135 and 136: Chapter 7 Testing Framework for the
Page 137 and 138: 7.1. Metrics 137 various New-TCP al
Page 139 and 140: 7.1. Metrics 139 assuming equilibri
Page 141 and 142: 7.2. Environment 141 of packets in
Page 143 and 144: 7.2. Environment 143 T 0 B, T T 1 F
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 8 Systematic Tests of New-T
Page 147 and 148: 8.1. Methodology 147 fed into the d
Page 149 and 150: 8.1. Methodology 149 Various other
Page 151 and 152: 8.2. Test Calibration 151 Goodput (
Page 153 and 154: 8.2. Test Calibration 153 cwnd and
Page 155 and 156: 8.2. Test Calibration 155 100 1 Agg
Page 157 and 158: 8.2. Test Calibration 157 1000 FAST
Page 159 and 160: 8.3. Results 159 10 100 Total Throu
Page 161 and 162: 8.3. Results 161 14 12 HSTCP 1 α H
Page 163 and 164: 8.3. Results 163 cwnd (packets) 120
Page 165 and 166: 8.3. Results 165 Fraction Bytes Ret
Page 167 and 168: 8.3. Results 167 1200 1000 HTCP 1 H
Page 169 and 170: 8.3. Results 169 This is due to the
Page 171 and 172: 8.3. Results 171 4000 3500 3000 HTC
Page 173 and 174: 8.3. Results 173 800 700 600 Standa
Page 175 and 176: 8.3. Results 175 1 1 Fairness Ratio
Page 177 and 178: 8.3. Results 177 10 100 Total Throu
Page 179: 8.3. Results 179 1000 Standard TCP
Page 183 and 184: 8.4. Discussion of Results 183 Asym
Page 185 and 186: 8.4. Discussion of Results 185 New-
Page 187 and 188: 8.4. Discussion of Results 187 Asym
Page 189 and 190: 8.5. Summary 189 The importance of
Page 191 and 192: 9.1. Transfer Tests Across Dedicate
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Page 229 and 230: 9.3. Internet Transfers 229 can cau
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9.3. Internet Transfers 231 Stanfor
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9.3. Internet Transfers 233 10 1 St
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9.3. Internet Transfers 235 1000 90
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9.3. Internet Transfers 237 Fractio
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9.3. Internet Transfers 239 10000 c
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9.3. Internet Transfers 241 achieve
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9.4. Summary 243 performance of sin
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9.4. Summary 245 Nevertheless, a Di
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10.1. Summary 247 PCs. But at 1Gb/s
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10.2. New-TCP Suitability Study 249
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10.2. New-TCP Suitability Study 251
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10.3. Future Directions 253 low ove
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10.3. Future Directions 255 porates
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10.3. Future Directions 257 A more
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10.4. Conclusion 259 This dissertat
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A.1. Data Storage 261 with the choi
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A.1. Data Storage 263 gether with h
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A.1. Data Storage 265 The virtual m
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A.1. Data Storage 267 Read Speed (M
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A.1. Data Storage 269 Read Speed (M
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A.1. Data Storage 271 1600 1600 140
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 273 la
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 275 de
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 277 of
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 279 PC
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 281 70
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 283 Th
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 285 20
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 287 ha
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B.2. Wide Area Network Tests 289 Da
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C.3. DataTAG 291 Cisco 7606 Cisco 7
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Appendix D Network Paths of Interne
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295 ham02gva.datatag.org:192.91.239
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Bibliography 297 [All03] [AMA + 99]
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Bibliography 299 [BPSK96] H. Balakr
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Bibliography 301 [DC02] [ea02] [FF9
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Bibliography 303 [Flo03] [Flo04] S.
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Bibliography 305 [Hoe96] [IET] [Jac
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Bibliography 307 [KRB05] [Lah00] [L
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Bibliography 309 [MHR03] [MM96] M.
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Bibliography 311 [Pos81a] J. Postel
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Bibliography 313 [tePM] IEPM Intern
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