An Investigation into Transport Protocols and Data Transport ...

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A.1. Data Storage 266 the ICP cards and about 400Mbit/sec for the 3Ware cards. The trend of the drop can be partially explained by file caching and also by the extra overheads introduced by the writing of the parity information required for RAID-5. The RAID-0 write distributions (Figure A.7) are typically much flatter as parity information is not created. The read speeds remain essentially constant for all file sizes, only decreasing to lower speeds with file sizes smaller than 200MB. This can be explained through the overheads of file seek and buffer management. It was observed that the read 3Ware cards were able to achieve about 50% greater read performance than that of the ICP cards at optimal vm.max-readahead settings. For all configurations, it was observed that an increase in the vm.max-readahead value also increased disk read performance. As vm.max-readahead continues to be set to higher and higher values the relative improvement in disk performance diminishes. No significant improvements in disk performance were achieved for vm.max-readahead values greater than 1200 and hence larger values are not included. There appears to be no conclusive increase in the write performance with a change in vm.max-readahead. Figure A.1 and Figure A.2 show results for the ICP SATA RAID controller configured as RAID-5 with PCI interface jumper settings of 33MHz and 66MHz respectively. The read speed clearly improves as vm.max-readaheadis increased. The write speeds remained largely unaffected, although there was a larger standard deviation of values at small file sizes for a vm.max-readahead of 31. In both cases, there is no discernible increase in performance until the vm.max-readahead was set above 127. The use of a 66Mhz PCI bus clearly leads to an increase in performance in both read and write speeds. However, it should be noted that a tuned 33Mhz ICP card is able to get the
A.1. Data Storage 267 Read Speed (Mbit/sec) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 vm.max-readahead 31 vm.max-readahead 63 vm.max-readahead 127 vm.max-readahead 256 vm.max-readahead 512 vm.max-readahead 1200 Write Speed (Mbit/sec) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 vm.max-readahead 31 vm.max-readahead 63 vm.max-readahead 127 vm.max-readahead 256 vm.max-readahead 512 vm.max-readahead 1200 200 200 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 File Size (MBytes) (a) Read Performance 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 File Size (MBytes) (b) Write Performance Figure A.1: Performance of ICP SATA (RAID 5 with 4 Disks and 33Mhz PCI). Read Speed (Mbit/sec) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 vm.max-readahead 31 vm.max-readahead 63 vm.max-readahead 127 vm.max-readahead 256 vm.max-readahead 512 vm.max-readahead 1200 Write Speed (Mbit/sec) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 vm.max-readahead 31 vm.max-readahead 63 vm.max-readahead 127 vm.max-readahead 256 vm.max-readahead 512 vm.max-readahead 1200 200 200 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 File Size (MBytes) (a) Read Performance 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 File Size (MBytes) (b) Write Performance Figure A.2: Performance for ICP SATA (RAID 5 with 4 Disks and 66Mhz PCI). same read performance as that of an un-tuned 66Mhz ICP card under these tests. A slightly higher write speed was achieved with the 66 MHz PCI mode compared with the 33 MHz mode. Figure A.3 and Figure A.4 show results for the 3Ware parallel ATA RAID controllers configured as RAID-5. Figure A.3 refers to the older controller with a 33 MHz PCI bus speed, whilst Figure A.4 refers to the newer model with a 66 MHz PCI bus speed. The read speeds improve with the vm.max-readahead setting for both cards, with the newer card with the 66 MHz PCI bus showing greater stability in terms of the variation in speed
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An Investigation into Transport Pro
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Contents List of Figures . . . . .
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Contents 5 4.6 Summary . . . . . .
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Contents 7 8.2 Test Calibration . .
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Contents 9 10.3.5 Further Tests . .
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List of Figures 11 5.7 Effect on cw
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List of Figures 13 8.16 Unfairness
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List of Figures 15 8.32 Friendlines
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List of Figures 17 9.19 Dynamic swi
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List of Figures 19 D.1 Internet pat
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List of Tables 21 A.1 Hardware and
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Publications And Workshops Some of
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1.2. Research Scope 25 • Identifi
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1.4. Dissertation Outline 27 • Id
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Chapter 2 High Energy Particle Phys
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2.2. Analysis Methods 31 the data i
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.4. Data Transfer Requirements 37
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2.5. Summary 39 data, the most impo
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3.1. Data Intercommunication 41 mov
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3.2. Network Monitoring 43 Whilst l
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3.2. Network Monitoring 45 Internet
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3.2. Network Monitoring 47 1 0.8 Bo
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Chapter 4 Transmission Control Prot
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4.1. Overview 51 Throughput Delay L
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4.2. Protocol Description 53 is dep
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4.2. Protocol Description 55 As a r
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4.3. Congestion Control 57 excessiv
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4.3. Congestion Control 59 probe fo
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4.4. Retransmission Timeout 61 tion
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4.5. TCP Variants 63 mechanisms are
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4.5. TCP Variants 65 connection ini
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4.5. TCP Variants 67 20 15 cwnd sst
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4.5. TCP Variants 69 no more acks t
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4.5. TCP Variants 71 [Hoe96]. In bo
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4.5. TCP Variants 73 TCP Timestamps
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4.6. Summary 75 traffic for a parti
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Chapter 5 TCP For High Performance
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 79 G
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 81 1
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 83 C
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5.2. TCP Tuning & Performance Impro
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.4. Analysis of AIMD Congestion Co
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5.5. Summary 109 5.5 Summary Even t
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6.1. Survey of New-TCP Algorithms 1
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6.2. Discussion and Deployment Cons
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6.3. Summary 133 6.3 Summary The re
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Chapter 7 Testing Framework for the
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7.1. Metrics 137 various New-TCP al
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7.1. Metrics 139 assuming equilibri
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7.2. Environment 141 of packets in
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7.2. Environment 143 T 0 B, T T 1 F
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Chapter 8 Systematic Tests of New-T
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8.1. Methodology 147 fed into the d
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8.1. Methodology 149 Various other
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8.2. Test Calibration 151 Goodput (
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8.2. Test Calibration 153 cwnd and
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8.2. Test Calibration 155 100 1 Agg
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8.2. Test Calibration 157 1000 FAST
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8.3. Results 159 10 100 Total Throu
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8.3. Results 161 14 12 HSTCP 1 α H
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8.3. Results 163 cwnd (packets) 120
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8.3. Results 165 Fraction Bytes Ret
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8.3. Results 167 1200 1000 HTCP 1 H
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8.3. Results 169 This is due to the
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8.3. Results 171 4000 3500 3000 HTC
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8.3. Results 173 800 700 600 Standa
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8.3. Results 175 1 1 Fairness Ratio
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8.3. Results 177 10 100 Total Throu
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8.3. Results 179 1000 Standard TCP
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8.3. Results 181 600 500 Standard T
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8.4. Discussion of Results 183 Asym
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8.4. Discussion of Results 185 New-
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8.4. Discussion of Results 187 Asym
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8.5. Summary 189 The importance of
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9.1. Transfer Tests Across Dedicate
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Page 215 and 216: 9.2. Preferential Flow Handling Usi
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Page 247 and 248: 10.1. Summary 247 PCs. But at 1Gb/s
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Page 253 and 254: 10.3. Future Directions 253 low ove
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Page 259 and 260: 10.4. Conclusion 259 This dissertat
Page 261 and 262: A.1. Data Storage 261 with the choi
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Page 289 and 290: B.2. Wide Area Network Tests 289 Da
Page 291 and 292: C.3. DataTAG 291 Cisco 7606 Cisco 7
Page 293 and 294: Appendix D Network Paths of Interne
Page 295 and 296: 295 ham02gva.datatag.org:192.91.239
Page 297 and 298: Bibliography 297 [All03] [AMA + 99]
Page 299 and 300: Bibliography 299 [BPSK96] H. Balakr
Page 301 and 302: Bibliography 301 [DC02] [ea02] [FF9
Page 303 and 304: Bibliography 303 [Flo03] [Flo04] S.
Page 305 and 306: Bibliography 305 [Hoe96] [IET] [Jac
Page 307 and 308: Bibliography 307 [KRB05] [Lah00] [L
Page 309 and 310: Bibliography 309 [MHR03] [MM96] M.
Page 311 and 312: Bibliography 311 [Pos81a] J. Postel
Page 313 and 314: Bibliography 313 [tePM] IEPM Intern
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