An Investigation into Transport Protocols and Data Transport ...

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8.2. Test Calibration 158 25000 20000 ScalableTCP 1 ScalableTCP 2 Retransmitted (bytes) 15000 10000 5000 0 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Time (seconds) Figure 8.9: Instantaneous retransmissions of ScalableTCP every 100ms at 80% queue size provision under symmetric network conditions. (100Mbit/sec, 82ms RTT). It can be seen that the cwnd of FAST is flat, suggesting that it is able to utilise its RTT calculation effectively to settle into a constant cwnd value. As such, there are almost no losses and retransmissions during the course of the test. However, upon start-up, FAST’s slow start algorithm (which is different from standard slow start) induces much loss and hence retransmissions. This effect is much more pronounced in the small queue size provisions (where Figure 8.8(d) shows almost no retransmissions) than in the large queue size provisions, which result in the much lower overhead of FAST with larger queue sizes. In contrast, loss based algorithms, such as ScalableTCP as shown in Figure 8.9 have to induce loss continuously for the entire duration of the test. Figure 8.9 corresponds to the cwnd trace presented in Figure 8.7(b) and it can be seen that the larger cwnd flow (Scalable 1) experiences greater loss than that of the second flow. This is due to the aggressive nature of ScalableTCP’s algorithm with its decrease value β which favours the higher throughput (and hence larger cwnd) flow. This is common to all loss-based algorithms, and implies that with large capacities, much more data will have to be retransmitted in order to maintain congestion avoidance.
8.3. Results 159 10 100 Total Throughput (mbit/sec) 9 8 7 6 StandardTCP BicTCP FAST 5 HSTCP HTCP ScalableTCP StandardTCP ns2 4 10 100 RTT (msec) (a) 10Mbit/sec Bottleneck Capacity Total Throughput (mbit/sec) 95 90 85 80 75 StandardTCP 70 BicTCP FAST HSTCP 65 HTCP ScalableTCP StandardTCP ns2 60 10 100 RTT (msec) (b) 100Mbit/sec Bottleneck Capacity 240 Total Throughput (mbit/sec) 220 200 180 160 10 100 RTT (msec) StandardTCP BicTCP FAST HSTCP HTCP ScalableTCP StandardTCP ns2 (c) 250Mbit/sec Bottleneck Capacity Figure 8.10: Aggregate Goodput of two competing New-TCP flows under symmetric network conditions (Bottleneck Queuesize set to 20% BDP). 8.3 Results This section focuses upon the dynamics of only two competing flows along a bottleneck link. Even though the topology and set-up of the tests are relatively simple, it is observed that even with these straightforward tests much information can be gathered and assessments of the various New-TCP algorithms can be made.
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An Investigation into Transport Pro
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Contents List of Figures . . . . .
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Contents 5 4.6 Summary . . . . . .
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Contents 7 8.2 Test Calibration . .
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Contents 9 10.3.5 Further Tests . .
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List of Figures 11 5.7 Effect on cw
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List of Figures 13 8.16 Unfairness
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List of Figures 15 8.32 Friendlines
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List of Figures 17 9.19 Dynamic swi
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List of Figures 19 D.1 Internet pat
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List of Tables 21 A.1 Hardware and
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Publications And Workshops Some of
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1.2. Research Scope 25 • Identifi
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1.4. Dissertation Outline 27 • Id
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Chapter 2 High Energy Particle Phys
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2.2. Analysis Methods 31 the data i
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.4. Data Transfer Requirements 37
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2.5. Summary 39 data, the most impo
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3.1. Data Intercommunication 41 mov
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3.2. Network Monitoring 43 Whilst l
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3.2. Network Monitoring 45 Internet
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3.2. Network Monitoring 47 1 0.8 Bo
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Chapter 4 Transmission Control Prot
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4.1. Overview 51 Throughput Delay L
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4.2. Protocol Description 53 is dep
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4.2. Protocol Description 55 As a r
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4.3. Congestion Control 57 excessiv
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4.3. Congestion Control 59 probe fo
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4.4. Retransmission Timeout 61 tion
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4.5. TCP Variants 63 mechanisms are
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4.5. TCP Variants 65 connection ini
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4.5. TCP Variants 67 20 15 cwnd sst
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4.5. TCP Variants 69 no more acks t
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4.5. TCP Variants 71 [Hoe96]. In bo
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4.5. TCP Variants 73 TCP Timestamps
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4.6. Summary 75 traffic for a parti
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Chapter 5 TCP For High Performance
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 79 G
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 81 1
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 83 C
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5.2. TCP Tuning & Performance Impro
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.4. Analysis of AIMD Congestion Co
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Page 107 and 108: 5.4. Analysis of AIMD Congestion Co
Page 109 and 110: 5.5. Summary 109 5.5 Summary Even t
Page 111 and 112: 6.1. Survey of New-TCP Algorithms 1
Page 125 and 126: 6.2. Discussion and Deployment Cons
Page 133 and 134: 6.3. Summary 133 6.3 Summary The re
Page 135 and 136: Chapter 7 Testing Framework for the
Page 137 and 138: 7.1. Metrics 137 various New-TCP al
Page 139 and 140: 7.1. Metrics 139 assuming equilibri
Page 141 and 142: 7.2. Environment 141 of packets in
Page 143 and 144: 7.2. Environment 143 T 0 B, T T 1 F
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 8 Systematic Tests of New-T
Page 147 and 148: 8.1. Methodology 147 fed into the d
Page 149 and 150: 8.1. Methodology 149 Various other
Page 151 and 152: 8.2. Test Calibration 151 Goodput (
Page 153 and 154: 8.2. Test Calibration 153 cwnd and
Page 155 and 156: 8.2. Test Calibration 155 100 1 Agg
Page 157: 8.2. Test Calibration 157 1000 FAST
Page 161 and 162: 8.3. Results 161 14 12 HSTCP 1 α H
Page 163 and 164: 8.3. Results 163 cwnd (packets) 120
Page 165 and 166: 8.3. Results 165 Fraction Bytes Ret
Page 167 and 168: 8.3. Results 167 1200 1000 HTCP 1 H
Page 169 and 170: 8.3. Results 169 This is due to the
Page 171 and 172: 8.3. Results 171 4000 3500 3000 HTC
Page 173 and 174: 8.3. Results 173 800 700 600 Standa
Page 175 and 176: 8.3. Results 175 1 1 Fairness Ratio
Page 177 and 178: 8.3. Results 177 10 100 Total Throu
Page 179 and 180: 8.3. Results 179 1000 Standard TCP
Page 181 and 182: 8.3. Results 181 600 500 Standard T
Page 183 and 184: 8.4. Discussion of Results 183 Asym
Page 185 and 186: 8.4. Discussion of Results 185 New-
Page 187 and 188: 8.4. Discussion of Results 187 Asym
Page 189 and 190: 8.5. Summary 189 The importance of
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9.1. Transfer Tests Across Dedicate
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9.2. Preferential Flow Handling Usi
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9.3. Internet Transfers 229 can cau
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9.3. Internet Transfers 231 Stanfor
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9.3. Internet Transfers 233 10 1 St
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9.3. Internet Transfers 235 1000 90
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9.3. Internet Transfers 237 Fractio
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9.3. Internet Transfers 239 10000 c
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9.3. Internet Transfers 241 achieve
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9.4. Summary 243 performance of sin
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9.4. Summary 245 Nevertheless, a Di
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10.1. Summary 247 PCs. But at 1Gb/s
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10.2. New-TCP Suitability Study 249
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10.2. New-TCP Suitability Study 251
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10.3. Future Directions 253 low ove
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10.3. Future Directions 255 porates
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10.3. Future Directions 257 A more
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10.4. Conclusion 259 This dissertat
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A.1. Data Storage 261 with the choi
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A.1. Data Storage 263 gether with h
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A.1. Data Storage 265 The virtual m
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A.1. Data Storage 267 Read Speed (M
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A.1. Data Storage 269 Read Speed (M
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A.1. Data Storage 271 1600 1600 140
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 273 la
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 275 de
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 277 of
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 279 PC
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 281 70
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 283 Th
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 285 20
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 287 ha
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B.2. Wide Area Network Tests 289 Da
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C.3. DataTAG 291 Cisco 7606 Cisco 7
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Appendix D Network Paths of Interne
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295 ham02gva.datatag.org:192.91.239
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Bibliography 297 [All03] [AMA + 99]
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Bibliography 299 [BPSK96] H. Balakr
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Bibliography 301 [DC02] [ea02] [FF9
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Bibliography 303 [Flo03] [Flo04] S.
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Bibliography 305 [Hoe96] [IET] [Jac
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Bibliography 307 [KRB05] [Lah00] [L
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Bibliography 309 [MHR03] [MM96] M.
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Bibliography 311 [Pos81a] J. Postel
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Bibliography 313 [tePM] IEPM Intern
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