An Investigation into Transport Protocols and Data Transport ...

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A.1. Data Storage 268 Read Speed (Mbit/sec) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 vm.max-readahead 31 vm.max-readahead 63 vm.max-readahead 127 200 vm.max-readahead 256 vm.max-readahead 512 vm.max-readahead 1200 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 File Size (MBytes) Write Speed (Mbit/sec) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 vm.max-readahead 31 vm.max-readahead 63 vm.max-readahead 127 vm.max-readahead 256 vm.max-readahead 512 vm.max-readahead 1200 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 File Size (MBytes) (a) Read Performance (b) Write Performance Figure A.3: Performance for 3Ware ATA (RAID 5 with 4 Disks and 33Mhz PCI). Read Speed (Mbit/sec) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 vm.max-readahead 31 vm.max-readahead 63 vm.max-readahead 127 200 vm.max-readahead 256 vm.max-readahead 512 vm.max-readahead 1200 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 File Size (MBytes) Write Speed (Mbit/sec) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 vm.max-readahead 31 vm.max-readahead 63 vm.max-readahead 127 vm.max-readahead 256 vm.max-readahead 512 vm.max-readahead 1200 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 File Size (MBytes) (a) Read Performance (b) Write Performance Figure A.4: Performance for 3Ware ATA (RAID 5 with 4 Disks and 66Mhz PCI). for small values of vm.max-readahead. However, there was no observable increase in the read speed for higher settings of vm.max-readahead. However the overall read performance for both the 3Ware parallel cards is over 200Mbit/s faster than for the ICP card. The write speeds for the two 3Ware cards are also very similar with the 66 MHz card having marginally better performance. On the other hand, the overall write performance of the 3Ware cards is significantly less than that of the ICP card, being over 200Mbit/s slower. The particular ICP card under test had a maximum disk array size of 4
A.1. Data Storage 269 Read Speed (Mbit/sec) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 vm.max-readahead 31 vm.max-readahead 63 vm.max-readahead 127 200 vm.max-readahead 256 vm.max-readahead 512 vm.max-readahead 1200 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 File Size (MBytes) Write Speed (Mbit/sec) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 vm.max-readahead 31 vm.max-readahead 63 vm.max-readahead 127 vm.max-readahead 256 vm.max-readahead 512 vm.max-readahead 1200 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 File Size (MBytes) (a) Read Performance (b) Write Performance Figure A.5: Performance for 3Ware SATA (RAID 5 with 4 Disks and 66Mhz PCI). disks. The 3Ware controllers are able to hold up to 8 disks. The read and write speeds for the 3Ware cards were greatly enhanced when 8 disks were included in the array as demonstrated in Figure A.6 as well as Table A.4. An ICP GDT8586RZ 8 channel array could not be obtained, and therefore equivalent testing was not possible. Figure A.5 shows results for the 3Ware-SATA RAID controller configured as RAID-5. This card has a 66 MHz PCI bus; an equivalent 33 MHz version was not available for testing. The read speeds for this controller were the fastest of all the cards in these tests, being marginally faster than the 8-disk array for the 3Ware parallel ATA controllers. Also the 3Ware-SATA read speeds did not significantly improve when 8 disks were included in its array as opposed to 4 (See Table A.4). The write speeds achieved are comparable to the equivalent speeds achieved with the parallel cards, being only slightly faster with a 4-disk array and slightly slower with an 8-disk array. Figure A.6 shows a comparison of the maximum (vm.max-readahead 1200) read and write speeds achieved for the various controllers and RAID-5 configurations. Table A.4 shows detailed read and write speeds for 2 GB transfers. The greatest overall read speeds (approximately 1300Mbit/s) were
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An Investigation into Transport Pro
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Contents List of Figures . . . . .
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Contents 5 4.6 Summary . . . . . .
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Contents 7 8.2 Test Calibration . .
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Contents 9 10.3.5 Further Tests . .
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List of Figures 11 5.7 Effect on cw
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List of Figures 13 8.16 Unfairness
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List of Figures 15 8.32 Friendlines
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List of Figures 17 9.19 Dynamic swi
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List of Figures 19 D.1 Internet pat
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List of Tables 21 A.1 Hardware and
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Publications And Workshops Some of
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1.2. Research Scope 25 • Identifi
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1.4. Dissertation Outline 27 • Id
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Chapter 2 High Energy Particle Phys
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2.2. Analysis Methods 31 the data i
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.4. Data Transfer Requirements 37
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2.5. Summary 39 data, the most impo
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3.1. Data Intercommunication 41 mov
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3.2. Network Monitoring 43 Whilst l
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3.2. Network Monitoring 45 Internet
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3.2. Network Monitoring 47 1 0.8 Bo
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Chapter 4 Transmission Control Prot
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4.1. Overview 51 Throughput Delay L
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4.2. Protocol Description 53 is dep
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4.2. Protocol Description 55 As a r
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4.3. Congestion Control 57 excessiv
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4.3. Congestion Control 59 probe fo
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4.4. Retransmission Timeout 61 tion
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4.5. TCP Variants 63 mechanisms are
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4.5. TCP Variants 65 connection ini
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4.5. TCP Variants 67 20 15 cwnd sst
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4.5. TCP Variants 69 no more acks t
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4.5. TCP Variants 71 [Hoe96]. In bo
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4.5. TCP Variants 73 TCP Timestamps
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4.6. Summary 75 traffic for a parti
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Chapter 5 TCP For High Performance
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 79 G
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 81 1
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 83 C
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5.2. TCP Tuning & Performance Impro
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.4. Analysis of AIMD Congestion Co
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5.5. Summary 109 5.5 Summary Even t
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6.1. Survey of New-TCP Algorithms 1
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6.2. Discussion and Deployment Cons
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6.3. Summary 133 6.3 Summary The re
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Chapter 7 Testing Framework for the
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7.1. Metrics 137 various New-TCP al
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7.1. Metrics 139 assuming equilibri
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7.2. Environment 141 of packets in
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7.2. Environment 143 T 0 B, T T 1 F
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Chapter 8 Systematic Tests of New-T
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8.1. Methodology 147 fed into the d
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8.1. Methodology 149 Various other
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8.2. Test Calibration 151 Goodput (
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8.2. Test Calibration 153 cwnd and
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8.2. Test Calibration 155 100 1 Agg
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8.2. Test Calibration 157 1000 FAST
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8.3. Results 159 10 100 Total Throu
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8.3. Results 161 14 12 HSTCP 1 α H
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8.3. Results 163 cwnd (packets) 120
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8.3. Results 165 Fraction Bytes Ret
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8.3. Results 167 1200 1000 HTCP 1 H
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8.3. Results 169 This is due to the
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8.3. Results 171 4000 3500 3000 HTC
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8.3. Results 173 800 700 600 Standa
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8.3. Results 175 1 1 Fairness Ratio
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8.3. Results 177 10 100 Total Throu
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8.3. Results 179 1000 Standard TCP
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8.3. Results 181 600 500 Standard T
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8.4. Discussion of Results 183 Asym
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8.4. Discussion of Results 185 New-
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8.4. Discussion of Results 187 Asym
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8.5. Summary 189 The importance of
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9.1. Transfer Tests Across Dedicate
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9.2. Preferential Flow Handling Usi
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Page 241 and 242: 9.3. Internet Transfers 241 achieve
Page 243 and 244: 9.4. Summary 243 performance of sin
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Page 247 and 248: 10.1. Summary 247 PCs. But at 1Gb/s
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Page 253 and 254: 10.3. Future Directions 253 low ove
Page 255 and 256: 10.3. Future Directions 255 porates
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Page 259 and 260: 10.4. Conclusion 259 This dissertat
Page 261 and 262: A.1. Data Storage 261 with the choi
Page 263 and 264: A.1. Data Storage 263 gether with h
Page 265 and 266: A.1. Data Storage 265 The virtual m
Page 267: A.1. Data Storage 267 Read Speed (M
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Page 273 and 274: A.2. Network Interface Cards 273 la
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Page 287 and 288: A.2. Network Interface Cards 287 ha
Page 289 and 290: B.2. Wide Area Network Tests 289 Da
Page 291 and 292: C.3. DataTAG 291 Cisco 7606 Cisco 7
Page 293 and 294: Appendix D Network Paths of Interne
Page 295 and 296: 295 ham02gva.datatag.org:192.91.239
Page 297 and 298: Bibliography 297 [All03] [AMA + 99]
Page 299 and 300: Bibliography 299 [BPSK96] H. Balakr
Page 301 and 302: Bibliography 301 [DC02] [ea02] [FF9
Page 303 and 304: Bibliography 303 [Flo03] [Flo04] S.
Page 305 and 306: Bibliography 305 [Hoe96] [IET] [Jac
Page 307 and 308: Bibliography 307 [KRB05] [Lah00] [L
Page 309 and 310: Bibliography 309 [MHR03] [MM96] M.
Page 311 and 312: Bibliography 311 [Pos81a] J. Postel
Page 313 and 314: Bibliography 313 [tePM] IEPM Intern
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