An Investigation into Transport Protocols and Data Transport ...

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A.1. Data Storage 270 Read Speed (Mbit/sec) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 3Ware-ATA 4-Disks 33Mhz 3Ware ATA 4-Disks 66Mhz 400 3Ware-ATA 8-Disks 33Mhz 3Ware-ATA 8-Disks 66Mhz 3Ware-SATA 4-Disks 66Mhz 200 3Ware-SATA 8-Disks 66Mhz ICP-SATA 4-Disks 33Mhz ICP-SATA 4-Disks 66Mhz 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 File Size (MByte) Write Speed (Mbit/sec) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 3Ware-ATA 4-Disks 33Mhz 3Ware ATA 4-Disks 66Mhz 3Ware-ATA 8-Disks 33Mhz 3Ware-ATA 8-Disks 66Mhz 3Ware-SATA 4-Disks 66Mhz 3Ware-SATA 8-Disks 66Mhz ICP-SATA 4-Disks 33Mhz ICP-SATA 4-Disks 66Mhz 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 File Size (MByte) (a) Read Performance (b) Write Performance Figure A.6: Performance of Various Controllers in RAID-5 Configuration. achieved by the 3Ware-SATA card mounted with 8 disks, closely followed by the 3Ware parallel ATA running at 66 MHz with 8 disks and then the 3Ware parallel ATA running at 33 MHz. The 3Ware controllers perform less well when running with only 4 disks, each reading at approximately 1050Mbit/s. The read performance the ICP cards in RAID-5 were not as high as expected. When running in 66 MHz mode typical write speeds were approximately 800Mbit/s, whilst the 33 MHz mode only read at around 700Mbit/s. The greatest overall write speeds were achieved by the 3Ware-ATA 66 MHz card mounted with 8 disks. The 3Ware-SATA, 3Ware-ATA 33 MHz and ICP 66 MHz controllers performance was approximately equal. However the ICP cards only ran with 4 disks. Out of all the 4 disk array tests the ICP 66 MHz controller achieved by far the greatest write speeds. Figure A.7 shows a comparison of the maximum (vm.max-readahead 1200) read and write speeds achieved for the various controllers and RAID- 0 configurations. Again, the 3Ware cards show better read performance than that of the ICP cards and are comparable to that of the RAID-5 performances. However the read speeds are approximately 50 to 100Mbit/sec faster in RAID-0 over RAID-5 configurations. This is expected as the read-
A.1. Data Storage 271 1600 1600 1400 1400 1200 1200 Read Speed (Mbit/sec) 1000 800 600 3Ware-ATA 4-Disks 33Mhz 3Ware ATA 4-Disks 66Mhz 400 3Ware-ATA 8-Disks 33Mhz 3Ware-ATA 8-Disks 66Mhz 3Ware-SATA 4-Disks 66Mhz 200 3Ware-SATA 8-Disks 66Mhz ICP-SATA 4-Disks 33Mhz ICP-SATA 4-Disks 66Mhz 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 File Size (MByte) Write Speed (Mbit/sec) 1000 800 600 3Ware-ATA 4-Disks 33Mhz 3Ware ATA 4-Disks 66Mhz 400 3Ware-ATA 8-Disks 33Mhz 3Ware-ATA 8-Disks 66Mhz 3Ware-SATA 4-Disks 66Mhz 200 3Ware-SATA 8-Disks 66Mhz ICP-SATA 4-Disks 33Mhz ICP-SATA 4-Disks 66Mhz 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 File Size (MByte) (a) Read Performance (b) Write Performance Figure A.7: Performance of Various Controllers in RAID-0 Configuration. ing of data under RAID-5 requires the skipping of parity data which would result in a light performance decrease. The main performance increase in using RAID-0 over RAID-5 is that the write speeds are significantly higher as parity data does not need to be generated for each block of data written. As such, write speeds of approximately twice the rate of that of RAID-5 were observed. The pattern of write speeds is also different; with all cards showing a drop in write performance at approximately 1GB file sizes. The ICP card, at 33Mhz, however, shows the worst write performance with larger file sizes, not showing the stepped performance decrease associated with the other cards. However, at 66Mhz, the ICP card performs the fastest with RAID-0 write speeds with large files, and only marginally slower than the 3Ware SATA cards with files less than 1GB in size. A.1.4 Summary Table A.4 shows the read and write performances observed using various RAID cards in both RAID-0 and RAID-5 configurations using optimally tuned Linux kernel parameters using vm.max-readahead.
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An Investigation into Transport Pro
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Contents List of Figures . . . . .
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Contents 5 4.6 Summary . . . . . .
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Contents 7 8.2 Test Calibration . .
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Contents 9 10.3.5 Further Tests . .
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List of Figures 11 5.7 Effect on cw
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List of Figures 13 8.16 Unfairness
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List of Figures 15 8.32 Friendlines
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List of Figures 17 9.19 Dynamic swi
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List of Figures 19 D.1 Internet pat
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List of Tables 21 A.1 Hardware and
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Publications And Workshops Some of
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1.2. Research Scope 25 • Identifi
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1.4. Dissertation Outline 27 • Id
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Chapter 2 High Energy Particle Phys
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2.2. Analysis Methods 31 the data i
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.4. Data Transfer Requirements 37
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2.5. Summary 39 data, the most impo
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3.1. Data Intercommunication 41 mov
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3.2. Network Monitoring 43 Whilst l
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3.2. Network Monitoring 45 Internet
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3.2. Network Monitoring 47 1 0.8 Bo
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Chapter 4 Transmission Control Prot
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4.1. Overview 51 Throughput Delay L
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4.2. Protocol Description 53 is dep
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4.2. Protocol Description 55 As a r
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4.3. Congestion Control 57 excessiv
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4.3. Congestion Control 59 probe fo
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4.4. Retransmission Timeout 61 tion
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4.5. TCP Variants 63 mechanisms are
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4.5. TCP Variants 65 connection ini
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4.5. TCP Variants 67 20 15 cwnd sst
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4.5. TCP Variants 69 no more acks t
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4.5. TCP Variants 71 [Hoe96]. In bo
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4.5. TCP Variants 73 TCP Timestamps
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4.6. Summary 75 traffic for a parti
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Chapter 5 TCP For High Performance
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 79 G
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 81 1
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5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 83 C
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5.2. TCP Tuning & Performance Impro
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.3. Network Aid in Congestion Dete
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5.4. Analysis of AIMD Congestion Co
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5.5. Summary 109 5.5 Summary Even t
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6.1. Survey of New-TCP Algorithms 1
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6.2. Discussion and Deployment Cons
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6.3. Summary 133 6.3 Summary The re
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Chapter 7 Testing Framework for the
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7.1. Metrics 137 various New-TCP al
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7.1. Metrics 139 assuming equilibri
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7.2. Environment 141 of packets in
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7.2. Environment 143 T 0 B, T T 1 F
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Chapter 8 Systematic Tests of New-T
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8.1. Methodology 147 fed into the d
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8.1. Methodology 149 Various other
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8.2. Test Calibration 151 Goodput (
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8.2. Test Calibration 153 cwnd and
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8.2. Test Calibration 155 100 1 Agg
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8.2. Test Calibration 157 1000 FAST
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8.3. Results 159 10 100 Total Throu
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8.3. Results 161 14 12 HSTCP 1 α H
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8.3. Results 163 cwnd (packets) 120
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8.3. Results 165 Fraction Bytes Ret
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8.3. Results 167 1200 1000 HTCP 1 H
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8.3. Results 169 This is due to the
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8.3. Results 171 4000 3500 3000 HTC
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8.3. Results 173 800 700 600 Standa
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8.3. Results 175 1 1 Fairness Ratio
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8.3. Results 177 10 100 Total Throu
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8.3. Results 179 1000 Standard TCP
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8.3. Results 181 600 500 Standard T
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8.4. Discussion of Results 183 Asym
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8.4. Discussion of Results 185 New-
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8.4. Discussion of Results 187 Asym
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8.5. Summary 189 The importance of
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9.1. Transfer Tests Across Dedicate
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9.2. Preferential Flow Handling Usi
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9.2. Preferential Flow Handling Usi
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Page 247 and 248: 10.1. Summary 247 PCs. But at 1Gb/s
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Page 253 and 254: 10.3. Future Directions 253 low ove
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Page 259 and 260: 10.4. Conclusion 259 This dissertat
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Page 289 and 290: B.2. Wide Area Network Tests 289 Da
Page 291 and 292: C.3. DataTAG 291 Cisco 7606 Cisco 7
Page 293 and 294: Appendix D Network Paths of Interne
Page 295 and 296: 295 ham02gva.datatag.org:192.91.239
Page 297 and 298: Bibliography 297 [All03] [AMA + 99]
Page 299 and 300: Bibliography 299 [BPSK96] H. Balakr
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Page 303 and 304: Bibliography 303 [Flo03] [Flo04] S.
Page 305 and 306: Bibliography 305 [Hoe96] [IET] [Jac
Page 307 and 308: Bibliography 307 [KRB05] [Lah00] [L
Page 309 and 310: Bibliography 309 [MHR03] [MM96] M.
Page 311 and 312: Bibliography 311 [Pos81a] J. Postel
Page 313 and 314: Bibliography 313 [tePM] IEPM Intern
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