An Investigation into Transport Protocols and Data Transport ...

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Chapter 6 New-TCP Transport Algorithms TCP is the most widely used transport protocol with ‘network friendly’ congestion control mechanisms. It has been extensively studied, extended, and refined in the last two decades and has proven to be reliable under a variety of network conditions and applications requirements. Increasingly, however, the standard TCP implementations are becoming inadequate to support high-performance distributed applications emerging in the science community. These science applications are expected to generate petabits per second of traffic to be distributed to scientists in different geographical location [CFK + 01, SRGC00]. The previous chapters have shown that the practical throughput of TCP’s default AIMD parameters over paths with a large Bandwidth Delay Product (BDP) are far below the supportable link speeds of the underlying network. Therefore, further research and development efforts are required to enhance 110
6.1. Survey of New-TCP Algorithms 111 TCP so that it will deliver and sustain many gigabits per second for scientific applications. The requirement for adapting the TCP algorithms, rather than inventing and deploying a completely new transport protocol are two fold: • TCP has been proven to be remarkably robust over the evolution of the internet and has prevented network collapse. It already offers many facilities that are deemed essential for most data transport applications such as reliable data delivery, flow control and congestion control. • It is very likely that TCP will play a continued role as the transport protocol of choice due to the requirements of web, file and mail delivery on the Internet. The development of new transport protocols will also require the phased introduction of new applications to support such protocols. This chapter gives an overview of different proposed changes to the TCP AIMD algorithms to enable high speed transport. 6.1 Survey of New-TCP Algorithms Several proposals have been made that offer solutions to obtaining high throughput transport in high-speed and high delay environments. The survey presented here gives an overview of the many different approaches to enable higher speed communications through the adaptation of the TCP congestion control algorithms. Amongst those, only algorithms that require sender side modifications to the TCP stack are presented. This is important as it allows compatibility with existing TCP implementations and would ease deployment.
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An Investigation into Transport Pro
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Contents List of Figures . . . . .
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Contents 5 4.6 Summary . . . . . .
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Contents 7 8.2 Test Calibration . .
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Contents 9 10.3.5 Further Tests . .
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List of Figures 11 5.7 Effect on cw
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List of Figures 13 8.16 Unfairness
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List of Figures 15 8.32 Friendlines
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List of Figures 17 9.19 Dynamic swi
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List of Figures 19 D.1 Internet pat
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List of Tables 21 A.1 Hardware and
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Publications And Workshops Some of
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1.2. Research Scope 25 • Identifi
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1.4. Dissertation Outline 27 • Id
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Chapter 2 High Energy Particle Phys
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2.2. Analysis Methods 31 the data i
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.3. Data Volumes and Regional Cent
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2.4. Data Transfer Requirements 37
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2.5. Summary 39 data, the most impo
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3.1. Data Intercommunication 41 mov
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3.2. Network Monitoring 43 Whilst l
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3.2. Network Monitoring 45 Internet
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3.2. Network Monitoring 47 1 0.8 Bo
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Chapter 4 Transmission Control Prot
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4.1. Overview 51 Throughput Delay L
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4.2. Protocol Description 53 is dep
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4.2. Protocol Description 55 As a r
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4.3. Congestion Control 57 excessiv
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Page 61 and 62: 4.4. Retransmission Timeout 61 tion
Page 63 and 64: 4.5. TCP Variants 63 mechanisms are
Page 65 and 66: 4.5. TCP Variants 65 connection ini
Page 67 and 68: 4.5. TCP Variants 67 20 15 cwnd sst
Page 69 and 70: 4.5. TCP Variants 69 no more acks t
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Page 73 and 74: 4.5. TCP Variants 73 TCP Timestamps
Page 75 and 76: 4.6. Summary 75 traffic for a parti
Page 77 and 78: Chapter 5 TCP For High Performance
Page 79 and 80: 5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 79 G
Page 81 and 82: 5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 81 1
Page 83 and 84: 5.1. TCP Hardware Requirements 83 C
Page 85 and 86: 5.2. TCP Tuning & Performance Impro
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Page 101 and 102: 5.4. Analysis of AIMD Congestion Co
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Page 125 and 126: 6.2. Discussion and Deployment Cons
Page 133 and 134: 6.3. Summary 133 6.3 Summary The re
Page 135 and 136: Chapter 7 Testing Framework for the
Page 137 and 138: 7.1. Metrics 137 various New-TCP al
Page 139 and 140: 7.1. Metrics 139 assuming equilibri
Page 141 and 142: 7.2. Environment 141 of packets in
Page 143 and 144: 7.2. Environment 143 T 0 B, T T 1 F
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 8 Systematic Tests of New-T
Page 147 and 148: 8.1. Methodology 147 fed into the d
Page 149 and 150: 8.1. Methodology 149 Various other
Page 151 and 152: 8.2. Test Calibration 151 Goodput (
Page 153 and 154: 8.2. Test Calibration 153 cwnd and
Page 155 and 156: 8.2. Test Calibration 155 100 1 Agg
Page 157 and 158: 8.2. Test Calibration 157 1000 FAST
Page 159 and 160: 8.3. Results 159 10 100 Total Throu
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8.3. Results 161 14 12 HSTCP 1 α H
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8.3. Results 163 cwnd (packets) 120
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8.3. Results 165 Fraction Bytes Ret
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8.3. Results 167 1200 1000 HTCP 1 H
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8.3. Results 169 This is due to the
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8.3. Results 171 4000 3500 3000 HTC
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8.3. Results 173 800 700 600 Standa
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8.3. Results 175 1 1 Fairness Ratio
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8.3. Results 177 10 100 Total Throu
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8.3. Results 179 1000 Standard TCP
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8.3. Results 181 600 500 Standard T
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8.4. Discussion of Results 183 Asym
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8.4. Discussion of Results 185 New-
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8.4. Discussion of Results 187 Asym
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8.5. Summary 189 The importance of
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9.1. Transfer Tests Across Dedicate
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9.2. Preferential Flow Handling Usi
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9.3. Internet Transfers 229 can cau
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9.3. Internet Transfers 231 Stanfor
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9.3. Internet Transfers 233 10 1 St
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9.3. Internet Transfers 235 1000 90
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9.3. Internet Transfers 237 Fractio
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9.3. Internet Transfers 239 10000 c
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9.3. Internet Transfers 241 achieve
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9.4. Summary 243 performance of sin
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9.4. Summary 245 Nevertheless, a Di
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10.1. Summary 247 PCs. But at 1Gb/s
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10.2. New-TCP Suitability Study 249
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10.2. New-TCP Suitability Study 251
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10.3. Future Directions 253 low ove
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10.3. Future Directions 255 porates
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10.3. Future Directions 257 A more
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10.4. Conclusion 259 This dissertat
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A.1. Data Storage 261 with the choi
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A.1. Data Storage 263 gether with h
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A.1. Data Storage 265 The virtual m
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A.1. Data Storage 267 Read Speed (M
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A.1. Data Storage 269 Read Speed (M
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A.1. Data Storage 271 1600 1600 140
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 273 la
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 275 de
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 277 of
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 279 PC
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 281 70
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 283 Th
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 285 20
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A.2. Network Interface Cards 287 ha
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B.2. Wide Area Network Tests 289 Da
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C.3. DataTAG 291 Cisco 7606 Cisco 7
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Appendix D Network Paths of Interne
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295 ham02gva.datatag.org:192.91.239
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Bibliography 297 [All03] [AMA + 99]
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Bibliography 299 [BPSK96] H. Balakr
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Bibliography 301 [DC02] [ea02] [FF9
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Bibliography 303 [Flo03] [Flo04] S.
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Bibliography 305 [Hoe96] [IET] [Jac
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Bibliography 307 [KRB05] [Lah00] [L
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Bibliography 309 [MHR03] [MM96] M.
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Bibliography 311 [Pos81a] J. Postel
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Bibliography 313 [tePM] IEPM Intern
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